Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The state of San Luis Potosí (SLP) is divided into four regions: “Altiplano, Centro, Huasteca and Media”. A large socioeconomic inequality is perceived among the regions, this is especially observed when comparing Centro with the other regions, mainly because Centro region shows greater economic dynamism and has a great amount of companies, educational institutions and research centers, which contributes to lower its socioeconomic lag. In order to reduce the social inequality and the economic development gap of SLP, a project for the construction of innovation agendas with a regional focus was formulated applying RIS3 methodology.Therefore, this article has as its main objective, to present and analyze the results of this project, through the identification of regional economic potential and their areas of smart specialization, as well as international technological trends in those areas. As an important component, a governance mechanism was organized in the four regions used to build consensus and legitimate the RIS3 process. In the framework of triple- helix participatory workshops, a portfolio of priority innovation projects was defined. This article offers an analysis of favorable factors and obstacles faced during the process; a series of recommendations for the promotion of regional innovation agendas (RIA) plus brief conclusions.

What are the characteristics of the Colombian business groups and how did they evolve between 1950 and 1985? How did the characteristics change during a period of deglobalisation? This paper provides a description of the Colombian business groups. It tracks the evolution of 25 groups since their consolidation in the 1950s, during a period of Industrialization by Substitution of Imports (ISI), until 1985, a year before the Colombian government considered for the first time trade liberalisation policies. By concentrating on descriptive variables such as size, ownership and control, foundation year, and diversification, this paper provides an overview of the consolidation, development and restructuring of the groups. The task implied answering the underlying questions of what and who the business groups are by relying extensively on secondary literature for the main concepts and primary sources, valued for their ‘first-handedness’, to illustrate and complement the arguments on their characteristics. Combining the analysis of the track record of 25 groups, this research places the business group as the unit of analysis, and also includes 428 group-affiliated firms. Despite their current importance and presence in the economy since the second half of the twentieth century, a profile of the largest Colombian business groups during this period has not yet been produced. Most of the variables used to characterise the groups are the ones set out by the literature, however, the paper also brings indexes to quantify the historical evolution of the characteristics.

Open innovation (OI) involves the deliberate use of external and internal knowledge flows by organisations in order to accelerate their innovations and expand the markets for the external use of innovations. Despite the relevance of OI for firms’ competitiveness, firms’ abilities to leverage and combine internal and external knowledge flows cannot be taken for granted. In this context, innovation policies can play a crucial role in stimulating firms’ OI strategies. The objective of this research is to examine the degree to which existing public innovation policies promote open innovation by companies. In doing so, we review the set of innovation policy instruments developed by governments within the Spanish national and regional innovation systems and examine the extent to which they support open innovation by companies, either by facilitating firms’ open innovation practices or by acting on the external factors that influence them. Our results show that innovation policies in Spanish national and regional settings partially promote firms’ open innovation, since governments base their actions on the interaction between science, industry and government, sometimes with intermediaries that promote it. We propose the development of instruments to encourage firms to implement open innovation practices in such a way that they complement the existing ones and can fully achieve the benefits associated with open innovation.

Following the evolutionary and neoshumpeterian theoretical framework, this research studies how the appropriation strategy of firms is formed in different industrial sector and what factors explain the use of the mechanisms that firms use to protect their innovations. The analysis is based on evidence from Argentine manufacturing firms surveyed by the National Survey of Employment Dynamics and Innovation (ENDEI) for 2010-2012. The results of the statistical analysis allow to identify three clusters at the sectoral level with differentiated characteristics in terms of their innovation activities and business conformation. The cluster of high innovative activity shows a greater incidence of the use of secrecy and patents, while the cluster of low innovative activity presents a greater use of complementary assets and first mover. The econometric analysis (Probit models) shows different effects of the factors considered (type of effort and innovative results, capabilities, linkages, structural factors) on the mechanism used, showing that the appropriation strategy is an emerging of innovation process and differs according to the sectoral cluster considered. The type of innovative effort affects only the appropriation strategy of the high and low innovative activity clusters; while the structural factors of firms explain only the appropriation strategy of sectors of high and medium innovative activity.

Recent contributions on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) literature tend to highlight the need for a deeper theory-based discussion of the concept and a dynamic approach on the EE evolution. The objective of this article is to contribute to this on-going discussion by proposing a novel theoretical model to understand the origin and evolution of EE, paying special attention to the drivers that are relevant to explain the successive developments in the EE trajectory and the differences between developed and developing EE. We draw our model from the study of four different empirical settings: two well-known and developed EE (Silicon Valley and Israel), and two less developed and less studied EE (Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires).Our model is composed by two ontologically different levels of dimensions: (i) framework conditions (culture, STI platform, business structure, social conditions and social capital) and (ii) five dynamics or drivers (the entrepreneurial dynamic, the business dynamic, the investment dynamic, the institutional dynamic, and the government and policy dynamic). Evolution, in our model, is conceptualized as a self-reinforcing process by which EE are constructed and developed over time, resulting from the co-evolution and interactions of the five dynamics and the framework conditions. Consequently, each EE would follow its own trajectory, moulded by its initial conditions, the relative importance of the different dynamics, and the interaction process between dynamics and framework conditions.

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en la comunidad altoandina de Kcana Janansaya, distrito de Kunturkanki, Provincia de Canas, Región de Cusco, a 4 085 m de altitud, desde febrero a abril de año 2013; con el objetivo de estudiar dos especies de plantas comestibles de la comunidad mencionada. El método empleado es el Muestreo Aleatorio Simple (MAS) al azar. El área de la muestra es de 0.135 ha (1350 m2 ) distribuidos en 9 parcelas rectangulares de 150 m (10 x 15 m), las que a su vez se dividieron en 2 subparcelas de 1 m (1 x 1 m). Se registró 783 especímenes, de los cuales; la especie Stangea rhizantha (A. gray) Killip predomina con 50.83% (398 muestras), en comparación con la especie Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Walpers) Bentham & Hooker f. que posee el 49.16% (385 muestras). De las cualidades nutricionales; la segunda especie resalta en carbohidrato con 18.0%, fósforo 83.0 mg/100 y potasio 14.0 mg/100. De las 69 personas encuestadas, el 56.52% (21 varones, 18 mujeres) informan que ambas especies se consumen crudo, el 36.23% (15 varones, 10 mujeres) indican que se expenden en los mercados comunales y distritales, el 7.24% (4 varones, 1 mujer) no saben ni opinan.

El conocimiento de espacios de hábitat del oso andino dentro del Área de Conservación Regional (ACR) Choquequirao, son indispensables para un manejo sostenible. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la ocupación de oso andino en el ACR Choquequirao, mediante modelos de ocupación para determinar el hábitat potencial de oso andino y las presiones 2 que afectan al hábitat de la especie. Para este fin se realizaron 18 cuadrantes de 16km , se procesó la información SIG e imágenes satelitales, para determinar el hábitat potencial de oso andino, de acuerdo a la cobertura vegetal del ACR. Los resultados indican que el 66% del área es su hábitat potencial. Sin embargo, esta área está siendo fragmentada por acciones antrópicas (poblaciones aledañas y carreteras). La presión que afecta en mayor medida al hábitat del oso andino dentro del ACR, es la presencia de ganado en un 40% del ACR Choquequirao, y se superpone en un 59% al área ocupada por el oso andino, conllevando esto a un posible conflicto oso-hombre. El Área de Conservación Regional Choquequirao, cuenta con un gran porcentaje de hábitats potenciales para el oso andino Sin embargo, está siendo amenazada por factores antrópicos.

Se describe e ilustra a Virola pseudosebifera Vásquez & Soto-Shareva (Myristicaceae), una nueva especie proveniente de la Selva Alta, proveniente del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, Sector PV-15 Mishquiyaquillo, distrito Pampa Hermosa, provincia de Ucayali, región Loreto, Perú, a los 1497 m de elevación. Se caracteriza porque, el indumento de las ramitas terminales y de las hojas por el envés es uniformemente persistente, las inflorescencias estaminadas son estrechas 1.8-6.5(-7) cm de largo, las flores estaminadas con perigonio partido casi hasta la mitad de su longitud; las inflorescencias pistiladas, 1.0-3.0 (-3.5) cm de largo; las infrutescencias con, (1-)2(-3) frutos maduros, elipsoides, 2.8-3.6 × 1.8-2.4 cm, con pericarpio 2-3 mm de espesor y con indumento persistente. Adicionalmente se discuten sus relaciones con la especie afín, e incluye su ilustración y datos sobre su distribución geográfica y ecología, fenología, y su estado actual.

Com as escolas obrigadas a dar aulas à distância, as plataformas digitais passaram a ser mais utilizadas. Este artigo pretende explanar a importância e apertinência do Ensino à Distância (E@D), uma vez que o ensino presencial de momento não é viável devido à pandemia mundial existente. Apresentamos ainda um conjunto de plataformas educativas digitais que possam ajudar os professores a lecionar as suas aulas à distância e explicitamos a forma como algumas delas são utilizadas na unidade curricular de Metodologias da Investigação nas licenciaturas em Animação Cultural e Comunitária e Educação Básica na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. O modelo de trabalho educativo - combinação de atividades educativas online síncronas e assíncronas - que aqui é apresentado tem como pressuposto a utilização de várias plataformas digitais de videoconferência e colaboração. A experiência mostra que a ausência de interação direta com o professor não tem sido prejudicial ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem.

Durante el desarrollo del Proyecto GLORIA, entre los años 2002 y 2012, se logró reportar una nueva localidad de Senecio gamolepis Cabrera. Esta nueva localidad es para los altos andes de la Cordillera de Vilcanota, al Norte de la meseta de Sibinacocha y próximo a los complejos nevados en la Región Cusco. La nueva localidad comprende altitudes de 4600 a 5370 m; donde la especie forma cojines, es leñosa y de flores amarillas, vegetando sobre suelos arenosos y entre rocas de las formaciones morrénicas, producto de la desglaciación. Esta investigación permite ampliar el conocimiento acerca de su distribución hasta la fecha y por tanto tiene interés Fitogeográfico.