Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Rhizophora harrisonii foliar damage was assessed in the Trinitarian and Chupador Chico Islands of the Gulf of Guayaquil, during the dry and rainy seasons, 2016-2017 using the Creative Cloud software of the Adobe Photoshop Extended program for the measurement of foliar damage by necrosis, chlorosis and browsing caused by Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll. As well as the stomatic index, and the pH. Simple one-way ANOVA was used and they were validated with the Kruskal Wallis test for non-parametric samples. It was found that 40% of the samples collected on the Trinitarian Island are affected, but not the mangrove of Chupador Chico, where the presence of Thyrinteina was not found. Temporary differences on leaf damage intensify during the dry season, its presence is considered to have responded to a pest behavior, which was triggered by the anormal environmental conditions that occurred at that time.

     The regulations on the sustainable use and custody agreements of mangrove forests (SUCAM) proposes the elaboration of semiannual reports as an instrument to inform the MAE about the management of the mangroves, leaving the responsibility of collecting the information and formulating or these reports in the hands of the fishermen organizations with whom these mangrove agreements are signed. This study analyzed; based on the experience of 10 organizations of the Province of El Oro, elements of the regulations, and literature, if this way of reporting can be contemplated within the framework of “Participatory and Community Monitoring of natural resources”. It was concluded that it can be considered as participatory and community monitoring, and if it is complemented by including indicators on the status of mangroves under SUCAM, among others, this monitoring could serve as an input of relevant information for decision-making processes on mangrove conservation.

The stem borer, Diatraea saccharalis, is considered to be the most relevant pest insect in sugarcane, an important crop in Ecuador. Cotesia flavipes is one of its biological control agents. Biological aspects of this parasitoid, amount of parasitized larvae and the effect of diet, breeding containers and age of the host larva on parasitism were studied. The parasitoid went through three larval stages, and completed its cycle in 16 days. Reproduction is arrhenotokous with a ratio of 2.11 females for each male. Regardless of the number of larvae exposed, a female only parasitized one larva of the host from which about 40 pupae emerged. The best combination for the development of parasitoids was the 18-day-old host perforated container fed with young corn (P <0.05). The results provide elements to consider for the mass breeding of this important biological control agent.

On March 11, Ecuador declared a state of emergency over the Covid-19 epidemic. This led to unprecedented public measures to combat the spread of Covid-19 taken, including physical isolation. The psychological consequences in the short and medium term are not yet fully known. As the event is recent, there is limited research on the psychological impact to the general public during the peak of the epidemic. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of reported symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression, and identify risk factors contributing to psychological distress in the general population in Ecuador with relation to the Covid-19 epidemic. This was done by applying a survey, including socio-demographic variables and the DASS-21 scale test, to 789 people from Ecuador. The results indicate that a concerning number of people reported severe or extremely severe levels of depression (10.3%), anxiety (19.4%) and stress (13.5%).

Niche conservatism is considered a fundamental assumption to generate species distribution models and to estimate areas of invasion risk. These models estimate the climatic requirements of an invasive species and place these requirements outside its native region, thus, if the species has not changed its niche, possible areas of high risk of invasion are identified. This paper analyzes the concept of niche conservatism and its implications of the use of this theoretical assumption in estimating the risk of invasion. It was found that niche conservatism is repeated in many taxonomic groups, is a pattern that varies along a continuum and is affected by the scale or reference point on which it is working. The niche conservatism assumption is not always met, there are exceptions, which should be considered when using species distribution models to predict areas at risk of being invaded, otherwise these areas could be underestimated.

O uso de tecnologias na gestão política é uma realidade latente. Nesse sentido, a Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei nº 12.527/2011) contribuiu para o planejamento dos princípios e diretrizes da tecnologia de informação no desenvolvimento político-social. O emprego dessas ferramentas eletrônicas pode ser utilizado para difundir a transparência nos órgãos e entidades governamentais, facilitar o controle dos representantes políticos por seus representados, entre tantos outros usos. A presente pesquisa, no entanto, irá se debruçar justamente nos sistemas virtuais desenvolvidos pela Câmara dos Deputados e pelo Senado Federal que possibilitam a participação do cidadão no processo legislativo. A partir da análise dos dados disponíveis em ambas as Casas do Congresso Nacional, objetiva-se compreender quão influentes são tais ferramentas de e-democracy na persuasão de seus representantes. Em outras palavras, deseja-se averiguar se a presença do instrumental virtual é meramente formal, como requisito da Lei de Acesso à Informação, ou se garante adesão e influência das massas no controle social da administração pública (art. 3º, V, LAI). O estudo terá duas etapas, uma primeira descritiva, em que se analisa quais os mecanismos jurídicos disponíveis para atuação do cidadão na lege ferenda; num segundo momento, fruto da análise anterior, advoga-se pela interpretação de um efetivo direito fundamental à participação no processo legislativo, retirado da leitura constitucional e discriminado em textos de menor hierarquia.

La región que comprende el Golfo de México y el Caribe ha sido paisaje integrante y dinámico de movilidad cultural entre América y Europa, y preserva un legado material único representativo de cambios y continuidades tanto a nivel regional, como en sincronía global. En el presente texto se evaluarán los alcances y prácticas de investigación en arqueología marítima en la región, así como estrategias institucionales y realidades particulares para el hallazgo, estudio y preservación de los contextos sumergidos. Se centrará en el potencial interpretativo del naufragio, a partir de la dialéctica del pecio, para el conocimiento de los procesos de navegación, multiculturalidad, adaptación y transformación del mundo flotante. Se reflexionará sobre el reto que implica el rescate y preservación de este patrimonio como potencial fuente de conocimiento universal.

Este artículo presenta un panorama de investigaciones arqueológicas sobre sitios de naufragios históricos en Argentina en base a una selección de siete casos de estudio. Las embarcaciones consideradas son de distinto tipo y se asocian a contextos cronológicos y culturales diversos. La distribución geográfica de los sitios abarca desde el río de la Plata en la ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta el extremo austral de Tierra del Fuego. Se sintetizan los objetivos, la metodología y los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de los casos destacando el aporte de la disciplina al conocimiento del pasado marítimo en el sur del continente americano.