Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The measurement system for polluting gases in poultry farming is a social innovation project, developed in small self-sustaining farms with vulnerable units. This will be able to alert the population when animals are endangered by pollutant gases produced such as ammonia. These gases can contaminate the meat of the animal until causing its death, generating economic losses in the farm and putting in risk the health, since the meat is for human consumption in these communities. The project consists of a low-cost controller board, connected to an ammonia gas cable and sensor circuit, which will emit levels, which, upon detecting danger, will send a schedule applied to the controller that issues an alert to take measures such as changing the bird's beds or ventilate the place so that the animal does not suffer. With the measurement system we will prevent the transmission of diseases, these mortal risks of the animal to the population or consumer of the product, also provide a way to automate and include new technologies in their small farms at low cost.

The objective of this study is to analyze the access roads to the informal settlements of Kuna Nega, Altos de la Torre and Paso Blanco, located in Panama City, Republic of Panama. For this, satellite images were used that allowed observing and analyzing these settlements through remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). With this study it is possible to characterize the access roads to informal settlements, this being a decision-making tool to improve the quality of life of those who inhabit these areas.

Technology advances exponentially, changing the way people understand the world and the activities that take place in it. Smartphones take much of the attention of students, directly affecting their way of learning. Although projects such as the digitization of books, the use of digital boards, among others, are being carried out, we must think of technology as the means and not the end, therefore, we will not achieve notable changes in education if we do not change the way to take advantage and teach the lessons in the country's educational centers. This work consists in the creation of a mobile application based on results obtained from an investigation carried out in the area of ​​education, specifically in the use and use of current technologies for learning, within and outside educational centers. The project called (TPEME) is a mobile application that unites technology with education in a different way, aiming to improve the use and quality of the lessons currently taught in our educational centers.

Current prostheses can cost thousands of dollars. Although there are projects that develop prostheses with 3d printers, the mobility of them is limited to open and close the hand. In search of increasing the mobility of a hand prosthesis without increasing the cost, this research analyzes the use of artificial muscles, created from fishing line (nylon), from an experimental and mathematical perspective; to determine the conditions necessary for the proper functioning of these muscles in a prosthesis. Similarly, it proposes the use of pulse sensors, cheaper than the myowave, to distinguish the movement of the biological muscles and transmit it to the artificial muscles.

Today, the latest generation cars bring systems that assist the driver in multiple situations, such as recoil cameras, automatic braking systems and even autonomous driving. But this type of technology usually turns out to be very expensive for a middle-class person. Due to this, the present investigation has the objective of presenting an automobile anti-collision system that is economical and accessible to anyone through a mobile device.

Fossil fuels are used worldwide to satisfy the energy needs of nations, continuously aggravating the environmental situation due to the harmful effects they cause. A possible solution to this situation is the use of biofuels of plant origin whose characteristics compare favorably with those required by the fuels of internal combustion engines. Under this perspective and attending to academic needs, the present work was carried within the Mass Balance course, with the aim of obtaining biodiesel from coconut oil and comparing the results obtained with similar previous experiences. For this, the extraction of vegetable oil was carriedout and the transesterification reaction where biodiesel was obtained. The results obtained allowed the mass balance of each stage of the process to be carried out, as well as determine its yield, which was 6,00% and 92,31% for oil extraction and conversion to biodiesel, respectively. Through the work carried out, it was verified that it is feasible to use coconut oil as a raw material for the production of this biofuel, thus serving as a reference for subsequent research where biodiesel is sought to be characterized for an economic analysis and its production feasibility.

Humans have developed a dependency on fossil fuels since the industrial revolution (18th century); from this fact a current need arises whose tendency is to develop energy generation systems based on the use of renewable energy. Biomass is a resource that is widely available around the world, which is why the objective has been to implement technologies or processes, so that this abundant resource can be used. This is how gasification has become a leading process in this regard. A common type of biomass in Panama is sugarcane bagasse, which is nothing more than the residue that remains as a product once the sugar cane juicehas been extracted. The objective of this research is to make an evaluation of the energy performance of the sugarcane bagasse used in the sugar mills of Panama, as it is currently used for combustion and energy generation, so that we can compare them with the energy performance that it would present when the sugarcane bagasse is gasified, to determine which process is the most efficient for the production of electrical energy. To carry out this idea, it is planned to take as a sample at least two sugar mills in our country, since the properties of cane bagasse could vary from one mill to another, depending on the variety of the cane. Once the energy performance comparison has been made, the mills can be recommended for the relevant technology changes to improve their operation.

The current labor market requires professionals who are digitally competent, who master the practical management of the computer (hardware) and the most common programs such as text and image editors (software). Professionals must possess a set of specific knowledge and skills that allow them to search, select, analyze, understand and manage the enormous amount of information accessed through new technologies and more importantly know how to use information technologies and communication in everyday life and solving problems more efficiently. The main objective that was outlined in this research was the development and validation of an instrument to know the degree of digital literacy of university students. The instrument consists of 33 items grouped into four dimensions (identification data, use of devices and Internet connectivity, knowledge and use of ICT tools and resources, and ethical use.) The instrument was validated by the focus group method with an index reliability of 0.68. The results of the application of a data collection instrument such as the one proposed in this paper serve as an input for universities to take measures to design courses or workshops that cover the digital gaps identified in the students of careers or graduate programs.

The most widely used industrial inhibitors to decrease corrosion are those that contain heteroatoms (such as N, S, P, O), causing damage to the environment, which is why natural alternatives have been chosen. Green inhibitors are a friendly alternative for the environment, since they allow us to reduce certain problems that are affecting our planet, through the excessive use of chemical products. This research involves comparing green fruit-based inhibitors versus traditional inhibitors. The design of this study is experimental, with three treatments and one control. Treatments consisted of three types of green inhibitors and one inhibitor for industrial use. The green inhibitors were prepared respectively with the following natural materials: avocado pulp, extract of the green apple peel and pulp of the green apple. With these 3 types of green inhibitors, it was possible to study the levels of corrosion in metals, through the weight loss presented in A36 carbon steel sheets. These metal plates were exposed to a marine environment and to a controlled laboratory environment. At the end of our investigation, we could see that the green inhibitor based on the avocado pulp was the most effective, since it could more efficiently counteract the corrosion rate in the metal plates. Although, they do not have a percentage of effectiveness as the industrial inhibitor, but it can be used as an alternative to mitigate the corrosion process.

Nations around the world are being affected by the current economic recession that brings with it unemployment and the deterioration of the quality of life of the populations. In response to these problems, economists suggest entrepreneurship as a highly beneficial alternative, since it not only increases the number of jobs, but also serves to provide alternative solutions that satisfy the needs of the communitiesthat are currently covered, and even generate ideas that solve those that were not addressed before. This research aims to develop a State of Art on entrepreneurship, emphasizing the relationship between higher education and entrepreneurship. For this, the development of entrepreneurial skills through programs and teaching models, the main motivations that lead individuals to develop an entrepreneurial project and the factors that influence the decision of the individual to undertake or not, are developed as central themes. In addition, a proposal of a model that can be implemented at the Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá (UTP) to develop an entrepreneurial culture among students and promote the generation of innovative ideas is presented.