Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work describes Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Peruvian companies according to the 2015 Enterprise Survey made by the National Statistical Institute (INEI). It has been chosen variables related to companies and ICTs to describe their use in the business management of companies in Peru. STATA software has been used to systematize and analyze the data with revealing results. This research will serve as the basis for other correlational and causal research.

The Venezuelan population that currently crosses the border of their country in search of solutions to the serious humanitarian crisis prevailing in their territory then arrives in different countries around the world. In the case of Colombia, a country bordering Venezuela, it currently has the highest arrival rate of migrants and refugees from that country. Currently, in Colombia there is a worrying context that shows how recurrent rejection, discrimination, and attacks on Venezuelan refugees have become. These behaviors that dehumanize and attack dignity are not common towards the rest of foreign citizens. For example, it is observed that Colombians do not reject or mistreat any foreigner who comes to the country with the intention of investing in it, something that happens in the opposite way towards the Venezuelans with no apparent purchasing power and who come to the country in search of refuge. This characterization of the assessment of Venezuelans’ rejection shows evidence that the problem is much more complex and profound, which allows the thesis to be put forward that, in Colombia, Venezuelans face discrimination based on the socioeconomic condition they present and could be facing. A situation of xenophobia and aporophobia, the message of exclusion being reinforced by the configuration of media discourses.

The purpose of this essay is to identify, within the framework of violence and gender inequality, the changes that occurred in the local sports contexts according to the female players who belonged to the women's soccer team of Magdalena 2014; through interviews and visits to sports scenery. A discussion related to football dynamics is presented as a representation of modernity, taking into account that this sport gathers many of these premises. Consequently, we analyze how the characteristics of the city of Santa Marta, Colombia (whether; symbolic and cultural brands, institutionalization, linguistic variation, among others) shape the forms of violence and gender inequality.

Whether a candidate is taking a "high stakes" test such as the TOEFL or a "low stakes" test such as an end-of-level test, the repercussions of a wrong score always have a significant impact. That's why high-stake tests are constantly subjected to validation processes, while their low-stakes counterparts rarely are. This research has focused its attention on an EFL program of a Panamanian institution with the objective of determining the validity of the tests used, which are considered to be "low" stakes. The type of research carried out is applied, descriptive, mixed, non-experimental, and transversal. The following types of validity were evaluated: validity based on the context, validity based on the theory, reliability of test results, and characteristics of the candidates. The institutional tests of the EFL courses of a Panamanian institution were studied. In this institution, most of the teachers use the Schoology LMS platform to administer their end-of-course exams. A sample was taken in June 2018 that contained the record of the final tests of levels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 15; since only the teachers of these levels used the platform in that period. The sample contained a total of 340 administrations. Important deficiencies were found in regards to context-based validity and score reliability, while the results of the evaluation of theory-based validity and the characteristics of the candidates were rather positive. A series of recommendations were provided, among which are the creation of institutional oral tests, the inclusion of a section to evaluate listening comprehension, and the application of greater reliability studies, among others.

This article explores the changes experienced in the Panamanian economy and social structure. The study demonstrates that the advances and rapid growth in these two areas have not been accompanied by plans and programs aimed at eliminating inequality and lack of educational opportunities, lack of employment and social mobility in the country. This article analyzes different economic indicators in Panama taking into account the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the level of unemployment, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and social indicators such as the Gini index, the level of Extreme poverty and life expectancy. Finally, the article stresses that although the increase in GDP between 2000 and 2019 is evident, the economic growth has been concentrated specifically in the capital region, Colón and Chiriquí, the same in the case of social indicators such as the hope of life, the level of employability and extreme poverty in which there is also an abysmal difference between the provinces and the indigenous reservations.

The scarce achievements that have been observed in individuals who participate in some English programs with the aim of learning to communicate in that language call for a review of the role played by the way in which the language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing are taught, in the development of the communicative competence aspired by learners. Based on the analysis and interpretation of the documentary information obtained, this work presents an account of the main concepts related to either integrated or segregated teaching of the linguistic skills, and it advises about the need to redirect the way language skills are taught, promoting greater integration of the skills in order to achieve good levels of communicative competence.

In this paper, I present a brief sample of poems published between 1980 and 2019 that are part of the sensorium of testimonial poetry in Colombia, as a manifestation of the survival and politics of love in the face of war policies and economies that mark the state of exception and permanent violence in the country. I place a political writing committed to its own imaginary manifestations to do justice from the manifestation of love as a social and democratic feeling.

Currently, tourism is one of the businesses that generate more profits, but that also generates, as a result, the illegal activity called Sex Tourism, this is a trend which is increasing in Colombia these recent years, it involves turning children into sexual objects that are traded mostly to foreign tourists who see the opportunity to satisfy their desires and leisure without interruption of justice. What they show is the degree of vulnerability in which local children are nowadays, the deficit that the state has to eradicate the scourge and the economic, social and family factors that influence the decision of children and young people that forces them into prostitution, and later the sexual exploitation of children.