Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction to the Special Theme

Presentación

In the early 1960s Brazil saw the emergence of countless educational experiences in combating illiteracy. In this context, in 1961, in the city of Natal / RN, the campaign De Pé no Chão Também se Aprende a Ler (Standing on the ground also learns to read), which we believe to have been possible due to the strong popular performance and political attitude committed to the population’s desire for access to education. We sought to contextualize the architecture used in the school space, which became known in the construction of the School Camps, emphasizing the vernacular knowledge present in the camps, relating them to the typology of the mocambos studied in the 1930s by the sociologist from Pernambuco Gilberto Freyre.

This paper aims to discuss the physical and visual relationships established and broken in the Baía Sul landfill, in Florianopolis SC, from its construction and consolidation the 1970s. Is establishes a discussion and theoretical reflection on concepts such as territories, limits, bordes and axes discussing them in the area object of study of the work. It also proposed a brief analyses on the physical and visual relations between the territories determined in the study area, searching to understand the meaning of the insertion of new boundaries. The discussion instigate the search for understanding what these new urban spaces mean and imply in the form and appropriation of the city.

This article aims to analyze the process of transforming agricultural to urban subdivision in Colônia de Caxias / RS. In view of the need to populate the extensive areas of land available in the 19th century, imperative government policies were created that facilitated the access of the foreign population to Rio Grande do Sul. The Land Law of 1850, or Law No. 601 of 18 from September 1850, it had regulations that regulated the colonist's insertion in national lands, the distribution of public lands and the transformation of the land into merchandise. The methodology adopted for this work is based on the survey and analysis of primary documentary sources, such as maps, decrees and period reports. Together with the systematization of these data, the relevant bibliography on the subject stands out. The article is exploratory and qualitative. In addition to the aforementioned general objective, the following stand out as specific objectives: to understand the process, map the parceling and the erudite knowledge of the person responsible for the urban layout. As a result achieved, it is considered that the orthogonality employed at the headquarters of Caxias had as its central objective to facilitate the trade of plots, rural and urban.

The present work intends to address the issues related to environmental comfort studies, analyzing the thermal behavior of buildings in order to study architectural solutions through the use of construction techniques and materials that propose to minimize thermal discomfort in the built environment. The research aims to identify and analyze the presence of heat or cold, thermal discomfort in buildings and locate the possible constructive characteristics that are responsible for these phenomena. For a better understanding of the subject were made comparative studies of thermal comfort related to the buildings and their component materials between the city of Ouro Preto - Minas Gerais - Brazil and Porto - Portugal, buildings chosen by the historical importance in both countries and considered heritage property. of humanity. Within this context, a bibliographic review of several works on local architecture and natural resources of environmental comfort was performed, seeking to know and report the importance of the correct use of materials and techniques as an efficient strategy in the search for comfort.  

This article aims to present and analyze buildings with Art Déco characteristics located in the central region of the city of Passo Fundo / RS, representing modernizing socio-spatial transformations. Its appreciation and recognition as cultural heritage is of fundamental importance so that the urban facts of this city remain as history and as memory. In Brazil, Art Déco architecture significantly marked the scene of cities between the 1930s and 1950s, being an expression of modernity accessible to the various social classes of the time. For this reason, there are many perspectives of analysis for this architecture, particularly in its diffusion in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Brazilian city of Passo Fundo, located in the northern region of this state, has a significant repertoire of Art Déco architecture in its central area, however, this architecture is not circumscribed under the preservation legislation of the municipal government. Such a situation lacks a debate about the patrimonial value of these artifacts for the city because this architectural ensemble has not yet been listed in the municipal registry of assets of historical patrimonial value, which shows a lack of understanding of the value of this architecture as representative of a historic moment in the city. This register is a list where the assets of patrimonial value of the city of Passo Fundo/RS are listed.

Desenvolver procedimentos e critérios de modo a contribuir para a elaboração e revisão de planos de mobilidade tendo por base instrumentos fundamentados em conceitos e teorias do sistema configuracional urbano é o objetivo desta pesquisa. Neste sentido, propõe-se que os planos de mobilidade podem utilizar conceitos e teorias dos estudos configuracionais urbanos em consonância com variáveis sociais, culturais, ambientais, econômicas e políticas. Em termos metodológicos, será analisado como alguns instrumentos fundamentados nos estudos configuracionais urbanos podem aprimorar significativamente as reflexões e tomadas de decisão por parte dos planejadores e gestores urbanos. A instância empírica é estabelecida em Sapucaia do Sul-RS em razão do significado e importância desta cidade no contexto da região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam compreender e relacionar a lógica socioepacial da articulação entre os níveis de acessibilidade urbana do sistema configuracional das áreas de centralidade com os critérios e prioridades das políticas públicas de intervenção do plano diretor da cidade em termos de mobilidade.

The world is becoming more and more complex in a predominantly urban reality, amid increasing multidisciplinary issues and particularly entangled challenges. Today there are already almost thirty cities with more than 10 million inhabitants. Considering a world population of approximately 7.5 billion people, about 54% of that total live in urban areas.Cities must be seen as ecological entities, with a strong predominance of anthropic action. In fact, many scientists claim that there is probably no place on earth fully protected from human influence. A clear understanding of the distinction between "ecology of the city” and "ecology in the city" provided more rigorous and tangible views of the planet. There are many environmental, biological and social problems and they require specific analyses (ecosystemic) structured within a reliable theoretical basis.The present work will trace the evolution of the expression “urban ecology” and will discuss topics, from various approaches and different points of view related to the proposed ideas of concepts, preconcepts and postconcepts.

Der moderne Zweckbau, book written by Adolf Behne in 1923, presents fundamental discussions for the conduction and understanding of Modern Architecture in the 1920s. In the volume, the author identifies different lines of thoughts, which are explored in three steps that determine three different chapters of the book. Through the second chapter, object of this paper and translation, the author presents some principles of expressionist architecture in German, whose specific design mirrors function. Each internal need results in a particular conformation, to which organic and dynamic analogies were added as formal principles. The author places the high point of this strand in Erich Mendelsohn's work, and points out the negative aspects of the radicalization of that approach: by meeting primarily the internal demands, the unique buildings that were created compromise the urban complex as a hole.