Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This proposal, based on Godet's methodology, added to the use of restriction and multi-criteria trees, allows identifying actions to structural problems, linked in the long term, aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, planning against the standards defined in the international standard ISO 18091 for trustworthy governments, from which a specific project presented to the Prefect of Loja for its implementation emerges. The proposal seeks to establish a methodological exercise to improve local planning processes The results suggest the need to strengthen the development plan with better structured indicators and goals and include  Agenda 2030 ; and consider the elements of ISO 18091 respectively. In addition, it is important to consider the elements of the 2017-2021 Development Plan, which was recently approved. Finally, this effort contributes to the institutionalization of planning in the Provincial Government of Loja. For the development of this research, several phases have been considered: i) Diagnosis, based on restriction trees, ii) the analysis of strategic variables, which considers a section of alignment with the SDGs, and the structural elements of the system analyzed based on all MICMAC software; iii) assessment of scenarios, based on the SMIC PRO, iv) assessment of the management of the provincial government based on the ISO 18091 standard; v) actor analysis based on Mactor; and, vi) Identification of strategic lines based on a simple multi-criteria. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations of the research carried out are presented.  

The export of products from Ecuador was analyzed under two differentiating events, the beginning of dollarization and the pandemic, which constituted unexpected events that affected the economic benefits of banana and coffee producers. It is essential to recognize that the COVID-19 virus was the one that most affected the sanitary restrictions on marketing. Likewise, the results obtained revealed that the VAN of the banana product showed 38,649 while the coffee reported 1,047. In this way, it can be pointed out that the banana investment produced more profits, exceeding the profitability required in the production process, overcoming the obstacles in the analyzed scenarios.

In Ecuador, during the first months of the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), an average of 12,613 tons/day of solid waste was recorded, of which about 1,388 tons belong to plastic waste. Therefore, this study examines the relationship of the COVID-19 and the consumption of plastics in the homes of the city of Loja during the pandemic, through a statistical analysis with structural equations of partial square mininos (PLS-SEM), taking into consideration planned/planned behavior theory (TPB). The results show that environmental awareness and the COVID-19 have an impact and are significant on the demand for plastics in homes in the city of Loja, while the variable social norms do not prove to have an impact or to be significant. Therefore, if less stringent restrictive policies were proposed during the pandemic, the use of reusable personal protective equipment was encouraged and campaigns were promoted to develop better environmental awareness, the demand for plastics in the city of Loja would have been mitigated.

El cacao ecuatoriano es considerado uno de los principales productos de exportación, en el 2020 el cacao representó el 11% del total de las exportaciones tradicionales siendo el tercer producto más exportado. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es analizar la competitividad de las exportaciones de cacao ecuatoriano en el mercado internacional, por esta razón se efectuó el cálculo de índices de competitividad para Ecuador y para sus principales competidores latinos: República Dominicana, Perú, Colombia y Brasil, a través del Índice de Ventajas Comparativas Reveladas (IVCR) y el Índice de Balassa. El análisis demuestra que Ecuador presenta un óptimo nivel de competitividad frente a sus competidores. Si bien las exportaciones de cacao en el periodo analizado han tenido incrementos significativos y un papel destacado en la economía nacional y regional, su desempeño no ha sido suficiente para caracterizar al Ecuador como un país competitivo en la producción de cacao a nivel internacional.

Thanks to the great struggles of women for their rights to equality, justice and democracy, spaces for participation have been conquered, however, women have still been marginalized. In this context, the present study aims to examine the participation of indigenous women belonging to political organizations, in the process of popular elections in the Saraguro, a study based on the focus group method, conversations with female leaders who are members of two organizations Relevant policies of the Saraguro canton, of which their participation in the selection and popular election processes can be determined, which identifies the gender inequality that still prevails, even when the woman participates, there are different forms of violence that they receive. For this, it is important to present strategies to increase the participation of women in the sectional popular election processes of the Saraguro.

The Revista Económica (RVE) contributes to the academic debate from a technical and scientific perspective through semi-annual publications in digital and printed format. The journal approaches the issues with a rigorous application of econometric techniques to economic and social problems. The first topic of this issue deals with food security for a sample of 291. In the first topic of this issue, Erazo and Toledo (2023) conclude that the main factors for an individual to use a sustainable means of transportation are the area, gender, head of household, and reasons for mobility such as the need to travel, safety, concern for the environment, health, savings, and proximity. Jimenez, Correa-Jaramillo and Ordóñez-Yaguache (2023) use a Godet methodology, added to constraint and multicriteria trees and their results suggest the need to strengthen the development plan with better structured indicators and goals and include minimum standards that the United Nations 2030 Agenda in order to have sustainable development in the city of Loja. Masache-Cevallos, Luzuriaga-Medina and Valle-Carrión (2023) show that, in Ecuador, bananas obtained a higher NPV of 38,649 while coffee reported 1,047, achieving profitability in the production process and overcoming obstacles in the scenarios analyzed during the period 2000-2021. Pérez Álvarez, Mora-Tordecillas and Salcido-Vega (2023) find that customers show a clear disposition towards carbonated beverages by 44% in the municipality of Ahome and an average expenditure of $5.84 on soft drinks is estimated. Likewise, Guamán and López (2023) confirmed that there is a balance in the short and long term; and, unidirectional causality that goes from economic growth to public spending, from public spending to exports, and from exports to economic growth. Macas-Chalán (2023) use a focus group methodology to generate conversations with female leaders who are members of two relevant political organizations of the Saraguro canton, and it was determined that the gender inequality that still prevails in political participation, and even when women participate, receive different forms of violence. For their part, López-López et al (2023) find that international demand is a market signal that stimulates Ecuadorian shrimp production. However, although the behavior of European demand has grown, it is the demand from other regions that determines the growth trend of production. Cambisaca-Díaz and Macías-Badaraco (2023) show that Ecuador presents an optimal level of commercial competitiveness compared to its competitors and that although cocoa exports in the period analyzed have had significant increases and a prominent role in the national and regional economy , its performance has not been sufficient to characterize Ecuador as a competitive country in the production of cocoa internationally. Vásquez-Dávila and Bravo-Benavides (2023) conclude that climate change does influence agricultural production in the province of Loja, given that temperature and precipitation are favorable until reaching an optimal level of production resistance, when exceeding said level. level brings negative effects on agricultural production. Ochoa-Cabrera and Ponce (2023) show that environmental awareness and COVID-19 affect and are significant on the demand for plastics in households in the city of Loja, while the social norms variable does not prove to have an incidence or be significant. . We extend the invitation to read the articles, the opinion and the debate on the exposed topics are welcome.   Christian OrtizResponsible Editor Economic MagazineNacional University of LojaLoja, Ecuador

El presente artículo se enmarca el creciente interés por conocer el impacto del virus COVID-19 en el comportamiento del consumidor en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMES) refresqueras, después de su rápida propagación mundial que vino a cambiar las interacciones humanas, así como la dinámica de los mercados. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el método cuantitativo, utilizando la encuesta como instrumento y la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) y contiene entre sus rubros el consumo de bebidas no alcohólicas. La intención de esta investigación es conocer las aperturas y cambios que se realizaron durante esta situación crítica en los mercados ya que, en la preferencia de consumo, los clientes muestran una clara disposición a los productos gasificados en un 44\% cifras que es importante contrastar con los resultados de la encuesta aplicada la cual muestra con un 66\% que la población del municipio de Ahome durante la pandemia su comportamiento de compra se ha modificado tanto en donde adquiere sus productos, hasta incrementar o disminuir estos satisfactores. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de los gastos en refrescos en el municipio de Ahome el cual eroga un promedio de \$5.84 por familia.

The growth of shrimp production and exports has increased in the last decade in Ecuador, consequently this research is interested in analyzing the demand for Ecuadorian shrimp in international markets with emphasis on the European Union and expanding the study range to China and the United States. Secondary sources from Banco Central del Ecuador (Central Bank of Ecuador), Cámara Nacional de Acuicultura (National Chamber of Aquaculture) and Trade Map were used. The hypothesis was verified using a logarithmic model of multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between international demand and shrimp production. The results indicate that international demand is indeed a market signal that stimulates the production of Ecuadorian shrimp, however, although the behavior of European demand has grown, it is the demand from other regions that determines the growth trend of the shrimp. production.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación de equilibrio a corto y largo plazo entre exportaciones y gasto público con el crecimiento económico en Perú. Utilizando datos de series de tiempo para el periodo 1970-2019; y sustentándose en la hipótesis del crecimiento económico llevado por las exportaciones y la teoría de crecimiento económico con gasto público de Barro (1990). Aplicando modelos y técnicas econométricas, los resultados confirmaron un equilibrio a corto y largo plazo; y, causalidad unidireccional que va desde el crecimiento económico hacia el gasto público, desde el gasto público hacia las exportaciones y desde las exportaciones hacia el crecimiento económico. Finalmente, para conseguir un crecimiento económico estable en Perú, es necesario un manejo eficiente de los recursos, aumentando el gasto público en todos los sectores, reduciendo la dependencia del sector primario, potenciando la producción nacional y, aumentando las exportaciones.

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of climate change on agricultural production in the province of Loja in the period 2007-2020. For this, data on the gross added value of the agricultural sector and data on temperature and precipitation were used, coming from from secondary sources such as the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) and the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI), where a production function was used through the use of panel data and carrying out fixed and random effects models. It is concluded that climate change does influence agricultural production, given that temperature and precipitation are favorable until reaching an optimal level of production resistance, exceeding that level brings negative effects on agricultural production.