Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Macrophyte Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1753) was used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the individual and mixed action of methomyl and rotenone pesticides under laboratory conditions (Temperature 29 ± 2°C; Relative humidity 48.6± 9.4%). The taken measures to establish half eff ective concentration were the frond area (AF) and production of new fronds (NF). In this study, BMDS® and Probit statistical data analyses were used to compare the results about eff ective concentration. Results suggest Benchmark dose method of BMDS® program was more eff ective than Probit program when EC50 (mean Eff ective Concentration) were determined. Additionally, total chlorophyll concentration (TCC) and humidity weight (HW) parameters were calculated to determine the growth inhibition (Ir). Likewise, NOAEL (no observed adverse eff ect level) and LOAEL (low observer adverse eff ect level) were compared with BMDL (lower bench mark dose) and BMD (Bench mark dose), respectively. BMD and BMDL values were more accurate than NOAEL and LOAEL values.  Phytotoxic action varied according the parameter. EC50 values of L. minor showed poor sensibility to methomyl pesticide with an elevated concentration in both parameters (6919.79 mg·L-1 and 7147.42 mg·L-1 for AF and NF, respectively). Results of rotenone pesticide were lower than methomyl, with 1079.22 mg·L-1 (NF) and 782.17 mg·L-1 (AF). Finally, the mix toxicity was 597.90 mg·L-1 (methomyl: NF), 298.93 mg·L-1 (rotenone: NF), 629.51 mg·L-1 (methomyl: AF) and 314.75 mg·L-1 (rotenone: AF). Finally, the concentration-addition model showed that the phytotoxic action of the mixture of both pesticides in L. minor has a synergistic eff ect.

Effl uent pollution in oxidation ponds continues to be an environmental problem for which the search for practical solutions is required. Th e aim of the present study was to evaluate a passive mineral treatment system at the estimated sustainable environmental cost in the Angostura Limón oxidation lagoon, Ica-Peru. Th rough random probabilistic sampling, the following were measured from July to December 2018 in effl uent (without treatment and with treatment): biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), phosphate (PO4 3-), nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), and ammonium (NH4 +). With the values of the physicochemical parameters, the relative sustainable environmental cost (COASOR) was estimated through a ratio between the evaluation cost (COA) and the cost of regulatory prevention (CONP). Th e removal percentage was calculated according to the environmental treatment system that was applied. Only the DO complied with the regulations where the COASOR estimate was 0.3 for the effl uent without treatment and with treatment indicating that the resource was relative non-sustainable. A removal percentage of 33.33% was obtained, so it was considered ineffi cient where the treatment order was: NH4 + > BOD5 > DO > PO4 3- = NO2 - = NO3 -. It was concluded that the wastewater that aff ects the limited use value and the passive environmental mineral treatment system was eff ective for the BOD5, although it did not comply with the recommendations.

In strawberry cultivation with traditional technology, nitidulides cause a minimum decrease in post-harvest due to being associated with overripe fruits. Nitidulids were collected during December 2018 and January 2019, in fi elds in the district of Aucallama (Huaral) and Supe (Barranca), Peru. A total of 54 individuals, 2 subfamilies, two genera and two species were recorded and determined. Th e species with the highest incidence was Lobiopa insularis (Castelnau, 1840), with 81% of specimens collected. Th e other registered species were: Carpophilus hemipterus, Carpophilus sp.1 and Carpophilus sp.2.

Records documenting the ingestion of plastic anthropogenic wastes in marine mammals are almost non-existent in the Eastern Pacifi c. In the present work, the ingestion of a plastic net by the South American sea lion Otaria fl avescens (Shaw, 1800) in the “San Pedro” Beach, Lurín, Lima, Peru is reported. Necropsy of the specimen showed the presence of whitish plastic fi laments (nylon) (≈ 0.5 mm in diameter) intermixed with individuals of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Previous documentation in research/dissemination articles on ingestion of plastic anthropic macro-waste in this species in Peru has not been reported, nor in articles of international review. With this new report, 42.85% (n = 6) of the otarid species around the world have ingested plastic macro-waste.

The aim of the study was to describe the analytical concentration of acids for chemical digestion in biological samplesexposed to metals. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), perchloric acid (HClO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), boric acid (H3BO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and hydroiodic acid (HI) were analyzed. Experimentally the acids were applied to the gills of the Gambusia punctata biomonitor (Poey, 1854) for the bioextraction of cadmium metal. Th e certifi ed reference sample, DOLT-3 (Dogfi sh Liver), was used for the analytical reliability of the results. Statistically signifi cant diff erences were found in the results of acid concentrations and the certifi ed reference value. Th e order of concentration was: HNO3 > H2SO4 > HClO4 > HCl > HI > H3PO4 > H3BO3. It is concluded that acids allow to extract bioaccumulated metals in biological tissues, but their application, not combined with other acids, will diff er signifi cantly with the true bioaccumulated value. Th e highest odds for metal extraction are with HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4.

Mazatlán Bay is located in the northwest of the Mexican Pacifi c Ocean; it is a popular place for national and international beach vacations. Th ere is a small colony of sea lions, Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828) in an area called “Roca Tortuga (RT)” which is included in a protected natural area 2 km from the coast and is considered a tourist attraction. Recreational boats carry out visitor encounters and therefore come into close contact with sea lions. However, there is no direct control over tourist visits to the colony during the high season. Th e objective of this research was to evaluate the experience of tourists in this colony. Surveys were used to analyze the tourist perception towards the conservation of sea lions and direct observations (tourist-sea lion interactions) were made to validate the results. Less than 15% of people received some kind of information about the biology or conservation of sea lions. Th is research attempts to suggest tourism management actions to reduce the possible impacts of human presence on sea lions resting on the rock, including limiting the total number of visitors, limiting the number of the boat at peak times of visits, implementing an ecotourism guide that understands the importance of this marine mammal education program, protecting this species of marine mammal, and establishing a stronger government presence at the site. Assessing local wildlife populations is highly relevant to achieving eff ective conservation goals; however, it is diffi cult to carry out adequate evaluations when the study sites are the places of tourist visit which are diffi cult to access and when this species is constantly subjected to vulnerable to human disturbance during tourist observations.

The high Andean ecosystems in Peru constitute 14% of the surface of the territory at a national level and mining; the extractive activity of this area generates impacts in its exploration, exploitation, mineral processing and metallurgical processing activities considering the construction, operation and mine closure. Upon completion, it is a priority to recover the disturbed area and leave it in a state similar to that initially found. In the present investigation, the general objective was to identify the impacts of the mining activity that the " Humasha" Exploitation Project would generate in the stage of construction to the high Andean ecosystem, Pampa de Coshorococha, Huayllay-Pasco District, to implement a plan of management, with mitigation measures that counteract these impacts. The study was carried out through three stages: pre-field, field and cabinet; detailing that in the pre - field stage the mining components were already determined, in the field stage, during the recognition and survey of the biological sampling of the taxa of: flora, fauna: ornithofauna, mastofauna and herpetofauna, determining that the evaluation was given in the dry or low season; and in the cabinet stage, the field data was processed, the matrix was evaluated and valued using the Conesa method. From the results obtained, it is mentioned that, in flora, the Asteraceae was the one that presented the greatest wealth with 14 species (41%); in ornithofauna, the Furnariidae presented greater richness with three species (37.5%); in mastofauna, seven species were registered, distributed in 2 groups; among small terrestrial mammals only one species of the Cricetidae was registered, while in medium and large mammals six species were registered, with the Camelidae being the one that presented the greatest wealth with two species (29%) and in herpetofauna no species was registered. Likewise, 54 bofedales were registered in the inventory. Finally, in the Conesa matrix, the construction stage was evaluated and assessed, it was determined that the degree of significance that the project can generate to the high Andean ecosystem is irrelevant or slight, also generating a management plan and providing mitigation measures.

Raising infants with attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) off ers numerous challenges and fosters the emergence of adaptive needs in their primary caregivers, which are evident in impairments in their quality of life. A mixed study of concomitant triangulation was carried out at the Chiqui Gómez Lubián Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Cuba from 2016 to 2020, to determine the eff ectiveness of an educational intervention in adaptive modes for primary caregivers of children with ADHD in their quality of life. Th e patients belonging to the municipality's health areas were taken into account to determine the population, by homogeneous sampling. Post-intervention quantitative data analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis of changes in the aff ected dimensions of quality of life (QL) and satisfaction; the qualitative, content analysis. It resulted in an increase in the QL index of predominance from medium (between 0.50 and 0.65) to high (greater than 0.65 to 0.85) level, which produced significant changes with asymptotic values less than 0.05. Signifi cantly positive changes were associated in supra-dimension 1 with the dimensions of QL and overall satisfaction, and primary caregivers expressed satisfaction with the intervention. Th e eff ectiveness of the educational intervention in adaptive modes for primary caregivers of infants with ADHD can be evaluated favorably since it producedsignifi cant positive changes in their dimensions of QL, generating satisfaction with the intervention and with their QL.

Th e world is facing a pandemic caused by the viral infection of the SARS coronavirus- CoV-2 that triggers the COVID-19 disease. Currently, no specifi c treatment or vaccine is known to counteract the symptoms and conditions caused by the virus, but antiviral, anti-infl ammatory, immunomodulatory, mechanical support treatment, hematic, and others are being administered based on multi-organ dysfunction. When facing a new virus, the treatments used have been combined, which have generated secondary clinical eff ects in the patient. Th is study will focus on the hematic mechanical support treatment, where the patient is in a state of oxygen defi ciency. During this phase of development of the disease that the extracellular hemoglobin extracted from Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758) can be an alternative treatment through a blood transplant, as it can transport up to 40 times more oxygen when compared to hemoglobin in human. According to studies, extracellular hemoglobin has a natural antioxidant that does not induce mutagenic responses, immunogenic or allergenic, granting high affi nity and cooperativity in bonding with oxygen, high structural stability, and high resistance to oxidation of the heme group, unlike human hemoglobin. Th e result of these promising investigations of scientifi ctechnological development allowed to name this new molecule, as HM-101, which has been purifi ed and used for the production of HEMOXYCarrier (HC, Hemarina SA, France), oxygen carrier for therapeutic purposes. Th is document was prepared through a bibliographic search in PubMed and Google Scholar using the following words: coronavirus, COVID-19, or SARS-CoV-2, A. marina and treatment, treatment or therapy. Th erefore, it is intended to inform about the technological scientifi c knowledge of extracellular hemoglobin extracted from A. marina as an alternative treatment for COVID-19, with promising clinical trials as a possible substitute for human hemoglobin. Likewise, the potential of scientifi c-technological research in diff erent study areas with "polychaete" annelids, based on basic research in Peru.

The dog is one of the oldest domestic animals in the world and man's best friend. Like us, dogs can suffer from various illnesses throughout their lives. Many of them can be cured and with a good prevention system, their eff ects can be avoided or minimized. Th is study determined which are the most common diseases and conditions in canines with the information collected from veterinary clinics in Lima, Peru, from 2013 to 2018. For this purpose, a total of 841 clinical records from diff erent Lima veterinarians were collected and cataloged related to these diseases. A total of 269 cases was enclosed in the study, resulting in 65 of dermatitis (7.72%), 40 males and 25 females; 59 of fracture (7.01%), 48 males and 11 females; 56 of gastroenteritis (6.65%), 41 males and 15 females; 52 of otitis (6.18%), 44 males and 8 females; and 37 of Demodex Owen, 1843 (4.39%), 27 males and 10 females. Besides, these diseases were classifi ed according to age ranges (0-14 months, 14 months-9 years, over 9 years) that results in a higher prevalence in young canines and young adults (14 months-9 years) being the breeds with the higher predominance of cases the mestizo or cross (108 cases/40%), Bulldog (15 cases/5.8%), Shih Tzu (15 cases/5.8%), beagle (13 cases/4.8%) and pitbull (12 cases/4.5%), respectively. With this study, information was collected about the most common diseases and conditions in canines in Lima, Peru.