Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The State of Sao Paulo presents the highest industrialized area of Brazil, having the biggest GNP in the country. As a result of industrial activities, many municipalities have been presenting high levels of air pollution. The aim of this research was to estimate the cardiorespiratory mortality caused by air pollution in some high-industrialized cities of São Paulo State between 2008 and 2016. Eleven municipalities were selected based on the industrial electricity consumption and on the existence of at least one air pollution monitoring station. We used a World Health Organization model to estimate the number of deaths that could be attributed to PM2,5 in each municipality through the years. Based on the statistical value of a life, we performed an economic evaluation of health impacts. Five of the 11 municipalities belong to the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. The municipality most affected by air pollution was Cubatão. However, due to the large number of inhabitants, São Paulo is the municipality whose largest number of deaths can be attributed to exposure to PM pollutants. Considering the results found for the 11 municipalities, 43,512 deaths could be attributed to air pollution in the period, which represents a loss of more than US$ 48.3 billion. These results justify the need for additional research and the implementation of cleaner technologies in the industrial park of the state of São Paulo.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the carbon stock and soil aggregationin different management systems in the municipality of Aquidauana-MS. Soilsamples were collected in the 0.0–0.1 m layer, in six areas: exposed soil (ES),conventional brewing system (CB), no-till system (NT), sugar cane (SC), permanentpasture (PP), and native forest (NF). From the samples, the: total organic carbon(TOC) was determined, density of the soil (Sd), being calculated the carbon stock(EstC), and the variation in the carbon stock (ΔEstC), in addition to the aggregatestability analysis, obtaining: weighted average diameter (WAD), geometric meandiameter (GMD), and percentage of aggregates retained in the sieves. The resultswere analyzed in completely randomized design (CRD), in addition to canonicalanalysis. The highest Sd values were observed in the ES 1.53 Mg m-3, CB 1.46 Mgm-3, NT 1.47 Mg m-3, and SC 1.46 Mg m-3 systems. The TOC levels in the PP andNT areas were higher than the NF. EstC has the same TOC pattern. As the areas ofPP and NT presented values of WAD, GMD similar to NF. As PP, NT and NF areashad more than 60% of their aggregates larger than 2mm. A canonical analysisindicated the formation of 3 groups, one with ES and CB, another with onlySC, and the third composed of NT, PP, and NF. The ES committed the CB to thecarbon stock and soil aggregation in layer 0–10, whereas PP and NT increasedthe carbon stock in that same layer.

O conceito de economia circular propõe uma profunda transformação que reduz o impacto das atividades humanas no meio ambiente. Os resíduos da indústria pesqueira são uma importante fonte de contaminação ambiental e perda de nutrientes. Este trabalho avaliou as características qualitativas e quantitativas dos resíduos de peixes gerados no Mercado de Peixe de Santos, São Paulo, voltado para apoiar ações de implementação da economia circular nesse segmento. Para coletar dados relacionados ao volume de resíduos gerados e seu destino, foi aplicado um questionário aos comerciantes. Para a caracterização qualitativa, foram coletadas amostras com o objetivo de descrever as categorias produtoras do resíduo, bem como o peso e as proporções descartadas de vísceras, coluna vertebral, cabeça, pele e barbatanas. A análise da composição também foi realizada em materiais amostrados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os resíduos caracterizados são representativos, qualitativa e quantitativamente, apresentando composição química semelhante à parte comestível do peixe, e são rejeitados em aterros, reforçando a necessidade de implementar ações que viabilizem a economia circular nesse segmento, com o objetivo de reduzir os danos ambientais e econômicos.

The following text deals with transdiscipline between architecture and philosophy. The first part raises the notion of complexity, transversality and the potential of its disciplinary understanding and experimentation from philosophy to the processes of architecture and urban planning. It is outlined that transdisciplinary processes, such as a theoretical approach to philosophy, would allow expanding the contextual analysis methods that are common in the field of architecture and urbanism. In the second part of the text, the results of a transdisciplinary exercise between architecture and philosophy are presented, which was carried out in a degree project of the Architecture and Urbanism Career of the Catholic University of Cuenca-Ecuador, whose objective was to observe an equipment of public use using categories of philosophy for the analysis of context and contextual situations. By way of conclusion, the value of the trans-disciplinary proposal that allows to form analyzes that are the result of exchanges, cooperations and disciplinary multi-competence, exercises that can not only be explored in architecture and urban planning, but also in various sciences of contemporary knowledge is raised.

Ecuadorian cocoa acquires more and more importance in international markets. The development of sustainable techniques is fundamental for its productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two application periods of Bacthon and Tricho-D for the control of Moniliophthora roreri and Phytophthora palmivora. The research was developed in a cocoa CCN-51 crop in Pancho Negro parish, La Troncal, Cañar. Three methods combined with two periods of application were used, plus a control treatment. All treatments have four repetitions. The study determined that the use of Bacthon and Tricho-D applied directly to plant soil, had better results in most of the productive, sanitary and economic variables. Better results were obtained when applications were made more frequently. Concluding that applications with bioregulators are more effective when they are carried out in less periods of time and directly to the ground

The present article shows the analysis, the methodology and the results obtained from the group of students of the third year of Unified General Baccalaureate of the Particular Educational Unit "La Providencia" of the city of Azogues having accomplished as objective: to improve the learning of the students in the Mathematical Domain through the use of Geogebra, to meet this objective, the methodology has been taken as an online evaluation that simulates the Ser Bachiller exam, then observe the results referring to the Mathematical Domain and mark the thematic contents in which less scored, and so propose learning mechanisms with the help of Geogebra, and finally after carrying the learning process proceeds to perform a new simulation to show the new results, compare them and obtain conclusions.

There are common environmental problems of deforestation due to the advance of the agricultural frontier, use of pesticides, soil compaction and erosion, among others, on the Andean Mountain range, which become determining factors in the configuration of landscapes and territory, understood as the place where not only the biophysical aspects are evident, but mainly the cultural ones, which ultimately determine the way in which the soil is worked, the food is produced and the social relations that shape the current landscapes of the Andes Mountains. The upper basin of the Sabalo River, located in Valle Hermoso, province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, does not escape this Andean reality, its environmental problems mainly characterized by the advance of the agricultural frontier, deforestation in sensitive areas such as water sources, and the shores of the estuaries Lolita and Roncador which, when joining their waters at the height of km 3, make up the Sabalo River. One of the indicators used in this investigation as a reflection of this problem is the contamination of organic matter (COD), which increases downstream 10.7 mg L-1 in relation to the upper part of the basin corresponding to 2.44 mg L-1. It was found that the flow of  water bodies in times of less rainfall disappears or decrease to levels that do not meet the conditions of ecological flow. Regarding the microbiological parameters especially Fecal Coliform (CF), the water in the catchment area of ​​the Sabalo River (Lower part of the basin) does not comply with the provisions of Table 3 of the (TULSMA) Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment.