Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

SUMMARYWhen speaking of a minimum lot for low-income housing, in general, people imagine a small property that will support the construction of a home whose spaces will not provide comfort and convenience to its users. However, in other latitudes, houses have been built on median lots with minimal frontage in consolidated neighborhoods, becoming symbolic and benchmark structures of the city. The value of the lot is representative in the final cost of the house, so it is necessary to study how to reduce prices in the provision of services when urbanizing. It is argued that the successful design of the lot and the whole, decisively influence the achievement of this objective, since, if more surface area is obtained in lots and the lengths of service and road networks are reduced, the value of the plot will decrease. The inability of the state to solve the housing problem allows us to consider the option of returning to the "lot with services" program. This becomes the family assets of the beneficiaries, and allows them to access a loan for the construction of a planned house in stages, with a clear process of controlled expansion, which does not affect the image of the housing complex. 

Los procesos migratorios han sido históricamente un fenómeno social complejo, sus causas más visibles están relacionadas con la pobreza, los conflictos internos o la guerra. Estos desplazamientos humanos se consideran como un hecho social que corresponde a un derecho natural de las personas, vinculado al principio de libertad y a la libertad de circulación.El COVID-19 ha dejado secuelas irreparables en Iberoamérica y el mundo tanto en lo económico, sanitario, educativo y en lo social, profundizando las desigualdades e inequidad y manifestándose desproporcionadamente en sectores vulnerables como son los migrantes. Antes de la pandemia su panorama ya era desalentador, en 2015 por ejemplo, el éxodo venezolano llegó a más de 5 millones de personas que emigraron hacia diferentes países de Europa, América del Norte y especialmente de América Latina y el Caribe buscando mejores días para sus familias, refugio y protección internacional.La pandemia ha expuesto a este grupo poblacional a situaciones de vulnerabilidad acentuándose en la pobreza, exclusión, discriminación o xenofobia. Los flujos migratorios interregionales se han convertido en un desafío de gestión para los gobiernos, la sociedad civil, academia y las organizaciones golpeados también por las secuelas de la pandemia mundial.Las dificultades y limitaciones de los migrantes en la pandemia son innumerables. Según el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) están relacionadas con los cierres de las fronteras, aumentando la migración clandestina y el riesgo de tráfico de personas. El confinamiento no ha sido una opción debido a la imperante necesidad de salir a trabajar el día a día. Las medidas de prevención han sido difíciles de implementar por su escaso acceso a servicios básicos como el agua potable, recordando que según la Organización Mundial de las Migraciones (OIM) solamente en Ecuador el 16% de los migrantes se encuentran en situación de calle. Otro factor importante para analizar es el temor de los migrantes en situación irregular para su acceso a servicios públicos como educación o salud.No dejar a nadie atrás y transformar nuestro mundo, constituyen el lema de la Agenda 2030. Esta plantea como una nueva herramienta que refleja de forma equilibrada las dimensiones sociales, económicas y ambientales del desarrollo sostenible. En este sentido, es necesaria la implementación de políticas públicas incluyentes y sociedades más integradoras, humanas y resilientes con énfasis en las poblaciones más vulnerables y olvidadas como los migrantes como un poderoso motor para garantizar el desarrollo de nuestros pueblos.La Revista de Cultura de Paz es una publicación científica de carácter anual, editada por la Cátedra UNESCO de Educación y Cultura de paz de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja-Ecuador. Su función principal es promover las investigaciones a nivel internacional, regional, nacional y local relacionadas a la Cultura de paz, conflictos, educación y los Derechos Humanos.El cuarto volumen de la Revista de Cultura de Paz presenta un apartado de artículos de temáticas de Investigación para la paz y tres reseñas de libro que se relacionan directamente con el monográfico seleccionado para esta edición como es la «Migración, frontera y desarrollo sostenible».Tengo que resaltar la participación de profesores de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y de todos los investigadores de reconocidas instituciones de Educación Superior del mundo que han aportado con su conocimiento y manuscritos inéditos a mantener la calidad y nivel académico de la Revista.Mi agradecimiento personal al Consejo Editor y a los colaboradores por su trabajo, constancia, prolijidad y compromiso. Destaco un agradecimiento especial a Francisco Jiménez Bautista por su asesoramiento y gran aporte académico, a Enrique Luzuriaga Muñoz por su apoyo en todas las actividades que conlleva la puesta en marcha de este espacio de investigación para la paz, sin su comprometida colaboración, profesionalismo y responsabilidad sería imposible continuar con este gran proyecto institucional. Resaltamos la valiosa labor de Francisco Vega Álvarez, cuyo conocimiento técnico permite que el portal funcione a la perfección. Finalmente agradezco a Gabriela Moreira Aguirre, Roberto Beltrán Zambrano, María Beatriz Eguiguren Riofrío, Andrea Barrientos Soto e Isidro Marín-Gutiérrez por su trabajo y colaboración en el desarrollo de todas las actividades de la revista y la Cátedra UNESCO de Cultura y Educación para la paz.

Project Parallel Migrant Lives in Brazil-France is an international research cooperation funded by CAPES-COFECUB. It involves the University of Brasilia, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Université Paris XIII and Université Paul Valery. This paper constitutes a section of research developed by the University of Brasilia, between 2018 and 2019, which aims to share the experience of the Parallel Migrant Lives Project developed with Venezuelans hosted by a partner of the project: the organization Aldeias Infantis SOS Brasil, located in Brasília. Thus, we seek to reflect on the collective construction process and the challenges and advances related to the implementation of a proposal that involved the integration process of teaching-research-extension. In this sense, these reflections permeate the difficulties of concatenating times, agendas, objectives, processes and expectations which obey such unique and different dynamics, such as the academic universe, the daily life of civil society organizations, and the demands migrant subjects. This paper covers this triangulation of expectations, objectives and results achieved, problematizing the challenges inherent to the dialogical production of knowledge about migration.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the internationalization of higher education and its impact on the culture of peace as a strategy to respond to the current demands of the global context. The starting point of this research is the perception of violence that exists in the state of Sinaloa, for which a reflection is made from the Plan de Desarrollo Institucional Consolidación Global 2021 of the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS) a Mexican institution located in the northwest of the country, as a case study. Through the proposed methodology, with a mixed, qualitative, and quantitative approach, data were collected through the application of a survey to those responsible for coordinating international issues in the academic units of UAS. For this purpose and making use of the questionnaire as an application instrument, there was a sample of 40 persons. It is concluded that the promotion of international education activities has a positive impact on the social development of the young people, by developing in them the understanding and rejection of violence as a conflict resolution mechanism. Therefore, the internationalization process becomes necessary to talk about social transformation and studies for peace.

In the first part of the article, different views and proposals are analyzed in relation to the definition of peace and education for peace, in order to understand how the holistic perspective of peace is currently being built, and how it has led to a change in the action of education for peace. In the second part, the work carried out in a primary school is presented called Nevadi Institute, in which, based on the proposal of the Transcend method, a diagnosis was carried out on the conditions of peace, conflict and violence that members of the educational community have experienced during the period of social distancing generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results obtained, a prognosis for the next few months and a treatment proposal for the same educational community is proposed.

An analysis of phenomena, problems and concepts is carried out in the present paper, through the use of several concepts widely used in culture of peace, in order to provide an approach to the current situation in Catalonia. The analysis starts with the identification of key elements regarding the current situation in Catalonia (its actors and their main motivations), followed by a historic contextualisation leading to the present situation. The article analyses both the current situation in Catalonia – marked by the events regarding the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia, which took place on 1 October 2017 (1-O) –, and the reactions of the self-determination segment and the unionist segment to the sentence of 1 October. Finally, it also shows an approach to the conflict from the perspective of a culture of peace. The conclusions stress the need for advancing towards a positive, sustained and sustainable peace, with an emphasis on empathy, recognition and respect for cultural diversity, dialogue and negotiation spaces, as well as mutual recognition, and recognition of the humanity of others. Thus, a proposal is described, which consists in moving towards the construction of peace from a culture of peace, hinging on empathy, creativity and nonviolence. The current tension in Catalonia motivates the reflection upon which it can be pointed out that standing up for peace and nonviolence are mandatory. In this sense, negotiation spaces, compliance with civil and human rights, or political action conveyed by means of the recognition of the demands and needs of others are fundamental, for mutual respect, dignity, equality and reciprocity must prevail in order to achieve peace.

This paper aims at weaving a theoretical dialogue between the interactional epistemology of Serge Moscovici and the Conceptual, Referential and Operational Scheme (ECRO) developed by Enrique Pichon-Rivière. Taking into account that these are psychosocial approaches based on communication as a process, we analyze how they can become the basis of concrete educational practices, such as the heritage education model implemented by the Museu do Samba in Rio de Janeiro. This analysis allowed us to conclude that the cultural mediation scheme as well as the materialization of the ECRO by means of experiential learning are effective pedagogical tools in processes of social construction of memory and recognition of cultural identity.

Despite legislative and social advances for the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) individuals in Ecuadorian society, LGBTI individuals continue to face discrimination in the workplace. Faced with this situation, organizations have a responsibility to implement practices capable of restraining discrimination and violence and of promoting a culture of peace. This study proposes a series of inclusion measures based on information provided by 15 Ecuadorian lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) workers. Thus, we propose that by means of recruitment processes that attract diversity, training workshops to reduce prejudices and stereotypes, socialization events for workers, greater participation of LGB individuals and the establishment of anti-discrimination norms, it is possible to conceive a culture of inclusion of diversity in which there is a peaceful coexistence among workers, regardless of their sexual identity.

El abandono escolar es una dura realidad. Existen jóvenes que han abandonado la escuela y otros a quienes la escuela los ha abandonado. El abandono escolar o educativo trae consigo un alto costo social y personal, muchas veces dirigiendo las vidas de jóvenes hacia una vida adulta precaria con alta vulnerabilidad social y económica.En respuesta, surge la Educación Alternativa, y en particular las Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad, que proporciona una educación creativa con base democrática para cultivar una cultura de paz; que atiende los rezagos académicos y estabilidad emocional que puedan presentar los jóvenes. Las escuelas alternativas atienden a jóvenes que han abandonado la escuela y deciden regresar en búsqueda de segundas oportunidades educativas.

The Directorate of Carabineros and Rural Security of the National Police of Colombia in a joint work with the Organization of Ibero-American States present the results obtained in the social project called “Collective protection and anticipation of violence, a view from territories “; developed under a qualitative methodology, based on Participant Action Research during 2019 in 25 prioritized municipalities in 8 departments of the country. The objective of the project was to identify from the differential approach (age and population groups), territorial and Human Rights perspective, the conflicts that affect the communities in terms of violence, security and coexistence in the post-conflict phase. This would provide inputs for the second phase that will seek the construction of collective preventive actions in a culture of peace characterized by the anticipation of violence in the rural and dispersed rural sectors. In this article, the research process and the results are related to the identification of conflicts in the selected micro-territories, concluding that children, adolescents, institutions and communities primarily find that the conflicts that most affect the healthy coexistence are micro-trafficking and the consumption of psychoactive substances in each of the territories analyzed, regardless of the culture, geography or social development achieved.