Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study deals with the implementation of telematic processes in the Spanish administration of justice, which has been launched as a result of the health crisis caused by COVID-19. To this end, the implementation of virtual trials is analyzed, as well as the practical problems it is causing. Finally, an evaluation of the current digital justice is made in relation to guaranteeing the principles of orality and immediacy that make up and are part of the right to effective judicial protection.

The clumsy European response to the pandemic triggered by COVID-19 has been determined by the deep crisis of values, which has turned the economy into a legitimising factor, competing with the Constitution itself. In view of this situation, the economic Constitution is essential for responding to the challenges of the pandemic and subsequent recovery. An economic constitution for the euro area that has been incomplete since its creation, as shown by the previous crisis and the first response to it, and which has begun to be reformed amid doubts, tensions, shadows and hopes.

La creciente demanda de datos a través de las redes móviles y la búsqueda de servicios más eficientes por parte de los usuarios han inducido a la generación de nuevas técnicas que incrementen la eficiencia espectral. El acceso múltiple no-ortogonal (NOMA) es una de las técnicas que están siendo evaluadas dentro del 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), esta proporciona servicios a múltiples usuarios mediante multiplexación en potencia. Esta investigación evalúa el rendimiento de NOMA en sistemas LTE (Long Term Evolution) mediante simulaciones de capa física, en relación con las tecnologías de acceso múltiple ortogonales convencionales TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) y FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). Se compararán, además, las ganancias obtenidas, con las publicadas en la bibliografía de Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0. Los resultados demuestran que NOMA es mejor que TDM en los casos que se utilice una tasa baja en el receptor móvil y una tasa media en el receptor fijo, demostrando ganancias de 3.35  y 0.25  respectivamente.

In this work, a rehabilitation system based on an electronic splint for people that have suffered radial nerve injuries is presented. The system is composed of two parts: the electronic splint and the electrostimulator. Electrostimulation is performed utilizing controlled electric current at a frequency from 18 to 83Hz with a triangular pulse train with 7mA of amplitude. The splint has been made using surgical steel and textile materials to make it more comfortable for the patient. The splint moves from top to bottom and left to right by servo motors controlled by Matlab. The information of the rehabilitation system is stored in a database to be analyzed, even remotely, by a physiotherapist.

Debido a la actual crisis energética mundial y como resultado de los acuerdos de las naciones participantes, se han establecido medidas por las Naciones Unidas para superar los desafíos relacionados. A pesar de los esfuerzos para incluir a los países subdesarrollados en dicho proceso de decisión, la mayoría de las contribuciones continúan estando inclinadas al hemisferio norte. Así, este trabajo se enfoca en destacar los esfuerzos realizados por los países Latinoamericanos (LA), entre 2018-2020, para contribuir específicamente en las mejoras en el desempeño energético en edificaciones para abordar los desafíos actuales del lado de la demanda. Dichos desafíos están relacionados con la gestión de la demanda: (i) picos de demanda no controlados y (ii) capacidad de transmisión y distribución insuficiente en la red eléctrica. Las contribuciones de LA se clasifican en independientes, colaboración y aplicación. Los estudios también se clasificaron en teóricos, experimentales, ambos y revisiones. La metodología de filtrado de dos etapas implementada dio como resultado un total de 176 documentos como lista inicial. Al centrarse sólo en los aspectos relacionados con los ocupantes, las soluciones pasivas y de bajo consumo y las técnicas de previsión para edificios inteligentes, la lista procesada resultó en un total de 73 estudios. Los resultados mostraron que los esfuerzos realizados por los países LA residen en su mayoría en la implementación de estrategias previamente desarrolladas y propuestas por países desarrollados, para realizar estudios de caso como independiente o en colaboración. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis de fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas (FODA) para explicar los resultados obtenidos.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment are subjected to high mental and physical stress. The care they receive is vital for their improvement. This research aims to identify the gaps between patient satisfaction and the hemodialysis service quality in centers specializing in renal health in different Ecuador areas. Data from 13 centers were recorded, a questionnaire was designed, and 94% of the patients (3,063) were surveyed, 2,920 considered prevalent, and 143 newly admitted. The SERVQUAL method was applied, validating the instrument through Cronbach's alpha and the cluster technique to group the weaknesses in homogeneous centers. In all dimensions, Cronbach's alpha reached values higher than 0.7, validating the survey. The results show that patient satisfaction was only achieved in the Empathy dimension. However, the gaps are very close to zero in the Reliability, Responsiveness, and Safety dimensions, not on tangible elements. The subdivision of the analysis by homogeneous centers allowed the focus of the strategies to each group. Group 2 was the one with the worst behavior demanding the most significant number of actions, only reaching positive results in the Empathy dimension. Groups 1 and 3 had a more stable behavior, with values very close to or greater than zero in all dimensions. The application of the methodology makes it possible to draw strategies for quality improvement in hemodialysis patients.

Clays have become highly engaging non-conventional adsorbents due to their availability, low cost, and high effectiveness adsorbing dye. The objective of this research was to study the adsorption of a cationic dye Drimaren Yellow CL-2R and an anionic dye Basic Navy Blue 2 RN on three clays from Cochancay, Santa Clara, and Shirahuan natural Ecuadorian deposits. Clays were characterized by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy allowed the quantification of the dyes remaining in the solution. We studied the pH, the absorbate's contact time with the adsorbent, initial dye concentration, and clay amount effects. The effectiveness of three clays removing the cationic dye was 95-99%, and the anionic dye was 70%. The Langmuir's isothermal model fits the cationic (R2=0.998), and anionic (R2=0.977) dyes adsorption mechanism. The Shirahuan clay shows a higher cationic dye adsorption capacity (27.53 mg/g). The Cochancay clay shows a higher anionic dye adsorption capacity (5.81 mg/g). The dye adsorption kinetic follows the "pseudo-second-order" model for both dyes and suggests that the adsorption rate is proportional to the available adsorption sites' square. The results suggest that intraparticle diffusion is a major controlling adsorption step. Activated clays show six times greater adsorption capacity removing cationic dye than anionic dye from synthetic water samples.

Los sistemas de producción de ganado de carne a pastoreo difieren en materia de utilización de recursos, grado de intensificación, roles culturales, entre otros. En relación con la eficiencia y la productividad de los sistemas de producción de ganado bovino de carne a pastoreo, se podría hacer grandes progresos en lo relativo a la adopción de procedimientos de manejo mejorados. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica sobre los Sistemas de Apareamiento en los sistemas de producción de ganado bovino de carne y su aplicación en el Trópico Americano, con énfasis en Venezuela. En ella se revisan las condiciones y prácticas de manejo requeridas para lograr la expresión de los potenciales genéticos, los requerimientos, ventajas y desventajas de las alternativas al sistema rotativo para compararlos y recomendar en consecuencia. El sistema de apareamiento intersé para la generación de Compuestos y el [F1] modificado tienen similitudes, pero se han evidenciado algunas diferencias: El uso de sementales F1 impide la pérdida de heterosis debido a la renovación de la consanguinidad, amplía la retención de la heterosis, no interfiere con la selección de caracteres aditivos y capitaliza el progreso genético en las razas progenitoras. En conclusión, unos toros F1 capaces de prosperar en condiciones adversas, sobre una población de vacas cruzadas, en generaciones sucesivas, podrían ser una forma viable de superar las limitaciones de otros sistemas de apareamiento, combinar la adaptabilidad con un mayor desempeño en rebaños pequeños, manteniendo al mismo tiempo un manejo sencillo, capacidad de ajuste y adaptación a las nuevas restricciones y oportunidades generadas por el entorno cambiante.

The limited autonomy of electric vehicles represents one of the main problems for their commercialization. For this reason, it is essential to increase their autonomy, generating an alternative solution to overcome these obstacles. It is necessary then to promote this type of vehicle, due to its use decrease the oil dependence degree and promote renewable energy use. Implementing solar panels in electric cars responds to the increase in their autonomy since it allows them to take advantage of an inexhaustible source of energy (solar), thus reducing environmental pollution, making the electric vehicle more attractive to users. This paper shows the implementation of one solar panel of 350W into the electric vehicle Dayang CHOK-S under different meteorological conditions. By doing so, the autonomy increases by 33% compared with their real autonomy. Also, it was found that this percentage could increase under relatively high solar radiation conditions. The results show that the battery load is directly proportional to the solar radiation, i.e., the higher the solar radiation higher the vehicle's battery load.

This research provides two predictor models of drinking water consumption for the residential sector. They would serve the designers to define the endowments required by a population. Variables affecting drinking water consumption are grouped into sociodemographic, socioeconomic, water management and quality, and climatological. Multiple linear regressions are performed. Variable coefficients are obtained to define two mathematical models. A model calculates the six-monthly per capita consumption (CPC/est.s) with information about each socioeconomic level (R2 adjusted=80.87%). It requires 19 variables. The second model estimates weighted monthly per capita consumption (CPC/p.m) (R2 adjusted=38.88%). It requires six variables. The water management and quality and demography variables are significant in the six-monthly per capita consumption. The climatological variables humidity and maximum temperature have predominant incidences in weighted monthly per capita consumption. The two models can predict water consumption to ensure a rational resource endowment in distribution systems. Because of the variables' dynamic nature, the information should be updated continuously to ensure the results' sustainability.