Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Luis Pincén. Homenaje

La expansión del COVID19, con la consiguiente declaración como Pandemia, y el Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio decretado en Argentina el 20 de marzo de 2020, ha afectado a la sociedad en general, y a lxs sujetos, comunidades y pueblos indígenas en particular, profundizando y exacerbando las desigualdades estructurales ya existentes, tanto en la urbanidad como en la ruralidad. Esto ha recrudecido la exclusión, el racismo, la discriminación y la xenofobia a la que son expuestas las identidades indígenas en Argentina. En este marco, investigadorxs y sujetos indígenas realizaron un Informe que relevó las principales consecuencias y posibles impactos que traería esta medida sanitaria, con el objetivo de presentarlo ante las autoridades estatales correspondientes y mitigar los efectos de la crisis a corto y largo plazo. La realización de este trabajo demandó la reformulación de la metodología principal de la Antropología: se reemplazaron las relaciones interpersonales por formas de comunicación virtual, resultando un verdadero desafío por la inmediatez con la que se trabajó y el despliegue que generó a nivel federal. Esta exposición comenta esa experiencia, resume las principales consecuencias y efectos del Informe y revisa brevemente los alcances y limitaciones de este esfuerzo colectivo cuyo objetivo fue presentar un diagnóstico del primer momento de la pandemia en el país, así como de los efectos que surgieron de las políticas públicas y acciones gubernamentales dictadas con la finalidad de contrarrestarla.

In the old Tuyú of the mid-nineteenth century, in that world south of the Salado River, the life of the gaucho was not easy, and of course neither for his partner. The geography of the place, with an abundance of mountains and grasslands, notably influenced the uses and customs, which caused that same society to have its own characteristics. Favorite place of not a few bull-fighting gauchos who, in search of refuge, time and oblivion, walked through the Buenos Aires countryside, fleeing from the Law. This vision did not escape the eyes of Justice, which undoubtedly applied to them what it called "THE LAW OF THE BIG MOUNTS". Well, what place did women occupy in that inhospitable rural world? taking into account the unprecedented perception that judicial officials had of the justice that was applied: "There is someone who does not go to his own strength, to wait for that of others!" Could then the woman apply "her strength" and thus exercise her rights? The way of life in Tuyú, and the campaign in general, meant that women had to know how to function in it. Well, it was common for men to leave their job to go to work in other places, sometimes being absent for several days; or for a longer time, if he was enlisted in some force, either to go on a military campaign or armed conflict, or even to cover "the border" with the Indian. In those moments of full and evident vulnerability, women had to have the necessary courage to overcome dangerous situations. The "mountaineers" as the inhabitants of ancient Tuyú were called almost contemptuously, did not sit idly by "waiting for the strength of another to be defended", but quite the opposite, when they had the opportunity, they held their position stoically and fought to defend yourself, and not just with your pen ...

Not only sea urchins are eaten as food since prehistoric times, they are also beneficial for the human health, known from at least the 17th century. Since the 80s in the Far East, research has been done on the molecules responsible for these health benefits. As a result of these investigations, there are two medications for heart disease and glaucoma and dietary supplements that are sold in the Far East. In Argentina, ARBACIA is a Start Up that, together with its team, does sea urchin aquaculture in an ethical and sustainable way to obtain secondary metabolites and generate biotechnological products. Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the interdisciplinary team focused its efforts on finding solutions and developed the research project “EchA COVID-19: Development of production for the therapy of COVID-19 as antiviral drug and / or cardioprotective companion drug and antioxidant” that was recognized by the Senate of the Nation. From this project, the extraction and purification of the Echinochroma A molecule was set up, to collaborate in alleviating the cytokine storm that is trigger in the most serious cases of COVID-19 and is responsible for most of the deaths caused by this disease. Recently a project has been presented to carry out medical trials in Puerto Madryn, the city where a large part of the team resides.

Abstract      This paper presents a terminological proposal for the archaeological technique of the reassembling in relation to ceramics, glass, wood and other materials found in historical sites. The resource was used since the 19th century to integrate lithic material from prehistoric archaeological sites.      The application of the reassembling technique includes not only the found objects and fragments but also certain scopes of the formation and transformation processes of the so-called archaeological record. Keywords: historical sites, cabinet techniques, reassembling, archaeological materials, formation and transformation processes

This paper seeks to reflect on the links between the State and indigenous peoples, as well as State responses to these actors in the current context of the health crisis caused by the global pandemic of the Covid-19 virus, the effects of which have deepened inequalities and the historical and structural racism that indigenous peoples suffer daily in various aspects of their lives.Specifically, we analyzed the public policies put in place during the Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation (ASPO) and the participation of local actors to meet the demands. We consider it important to think about policies that transcend the emergency, based on the recognition of the historical-structural inequalities that the peoples are experiencing.In methodological terms, we start with a report produced in an interdisciplinary and collaborative manner among various researchers, institutes and public universities. In turn, we took up journalistic articles, institutional reports, and information gathered from our field work with indigenous communities in Córdoba, Chaco, and Buenos Aires.

El artículo señala que el inesperado encuentro con la incertidumbre y el distanciamiento geográfico, han conmocionado nuestra convicción de vivir en un mundo “normal” sostenido en certezas. Tal movilización personal, más la propia amenaza del COVID-19 nos genera tensión y se plasma en expresiones diversas: miedo, angustia, frustración, impotencia, irritación, enojo. La autora plantea la necesidad de reconocer tales afectaciones, poniéndolas en palabras para encontrar nuevos modos de vivir y vincularnos. En tal sentido, advierte del doble riesgo que implica tanto negar nuestros afectos y temores, o la propia pandemia, como la absolutización del miedo al punto de paralizarnos. Teniendo en cuenta que las expresiones subjetivas son resonancias singulares de las colectivas, nos propone reconfigurar nuestros estilos de vincularnos “entender que distanciamiento espacial o geográfico no significa estar efectivamente aislados”.

Thework  exposes the experience of a health professional during this pandemic, which makes it a primary source of the 21st century. Review the strategies implemented from the public hospital for patient care. It underlines the commitment of health workers, warns of their critical recourse and draws attention to their precarious pay. Faced with this responsible attitude of those who accept the challenge and go out to face the disease every day, Liliana Obregón observes the behavior of those who do not respect social estating, who gather, who fill the squares and in their own words "are exposed to contagion as if nothing happened. Obviously we are living two opposite realities", contrasting and worrying for those of us who "have the Public Hospital shirt on."     

La gestión de la información es estratégica para la salud pública, esta evidencia requiere comprender cómo los procesos comunicacionales configuran “la sociedad de riesgo” y nos lleva a interrogarnos cómo construimos socialmente “la pandemia”, ya que la experiencia del COVID-19 es un problema social, calificado como “desastre” por la magnitud del riesgo generado a escala mundial (la "Sociología de los desastres" proporcionó definiciones que ayudan a distinguir entre accidentes, emergencias, desastres y catástrofes)