Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El inicio de la actividad sexual en adolescentes, está asociada a pobre planificación familiar, mayor tasa de fecundidad y riesgo de adquisición de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, además del aumento de embarazos adolescente. Objetivos. - Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo general determinar un perfil clínico – epidemiológico del embarazo en la adolescencia relacionado con antecedentes familiares en el hospital General Villamil Playas mediante el análisis de las características sociales, culturales y médicas con el fin de proponer un programa de educación en salud, este objetivo puede ser alcanzado al identificar las características de las pacientes, establecer factores de riesgo de embarazo adolescente considerando los antecedentes familiares y proponer un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a hombres y mujeres adolescentes. Metodología. - Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva con un diseño no experimental, prospectiva y de corte transversal donde se incluyeron mujeres adolescentes embarazadas que asistieron a la consulta en el área de ginecología del Hospital de General Villamil Playas durante el primer semestre del 2016, que en total fueron 352 y se tomó una muestra de 100 pacientes. Resultados. - El 85% de las madres adolescentes presentaron antecedentes maternos de embarazo precoz, con una marcada diferencia estadística al aplicar la prueba de CHI cuadrado. Conclusión. -Entre los principales factores de riesgo se observa una comunicación deficiente entre los padres y sus hijos sobre sexualidad, debido a que la mayoría aprendieron sobre este tema de parte de sus amigos y no de sus padres o la escuela, además en algunos casos no se sabía del noviazgo de sus hijas.

Smile being one of the aesthetic parameters most required by patients, dentists tend to evaluate it, among other factors, according to the amount of gingiva that the patient shows when smiling. This smile can be classified as high, medium and low. For correct interpretation and good diagnosis should also be analyzed soft tissue, such as the periodontal biotype, it can be thin and thick. The reason for our investigation is to observe the relationship between the type of smile and the periodontal biotype. The cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 100 UCSG dental students, randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The type of smile was determined, whether it was high, medium or low. The periodontal biotype was determined by two methods: the visual, in which the clinical characteristics of each were analyzed, and by the transparency or not of the probe, through the gingival sulcus in the teeth 11, 12 and 13.  Were analyzed 100 subjects, 33 men and 67 women.  27% of the total of the subjects had high smile, 65% showed average smile and the 8 % low smile. 70% showed to have thick biotype while 30% remaining fine biotype. When relating the two variables, of high smile 15%=thin biotype and 85%=thick biotype, of low smile 25%=thin biotype and 75%=thick biotype and of low smile 37%=thin biotype and 63%=thick biotype.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of inmediate dentinary sealing, as treatment of hypersensitivity in patients attending the fixed prosthetic clinic at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil dental clinic. Materials and methods: This study was designed as clinic, prospective and correlational. 25 patients were selected, they were divided into 2 groups, one group included 14 patients in which teeth were prepared with SDI (29 teeth) and a second control group of 11 patients in which teeth were not prepared with SDI (19 teeth), giving a total of 48 teeth. Surveys were made 1, 2 and 3 weeks after preparations and the presence of hipersensitivity was registered with the visual analog scale. Results: A chi-square test was made and in the analysis of the pain scale (EVA), the study sample exhibited a significant difference in a range above 3 for the group in which SDI was not applied. Conclusion: This study demostrates that the application of SDI helps diminish significantly dental hipersensitivity.

At present, science has provided us with a tool that facilitates the planning for the dentist of an aesthetic and functional rehabilitation work and that also allows the patient to visualize how his work would be in the mouth. In this way the patient has a clearer picture of what he can expect from his treatment and feel completely satisfied. These tools are the different software systems that digitally design a smile. The importance of this literature review work is to inform professionals of the technological advances that are available to us, to facilitate the work of the dentist and obtain, every day, more happy patients with the result of their treatments. The main objective of this article is to make known that by using digital systems to design a smile, we can facilitate the visualization of the patient towards what their treatment will be, and also help the professional with the planning of treatment with functional restorations and aesthetic The present literature review work has a qualitative retrospective cross-sectional approach of non-experimental design. At present, the professional could use the digital design system to facilitate the way in which the patient observes his smile design and its consequent dental treatment so as not to create false expectations. In this way the dentist can choose what type of software to use, within the brands that are in the market.

Objective: Diabetes is considered a modifier of periodontal disease; it is important to consider HbA1c in patients with periodontal disease in order to determine the degree of progression found by patients in the periodontics clinics I and II of the UCSG Semester A 2019. Materials and Methods: cross-sectional, longitudinal and analytical research, measures prevalence of the exposure and effect of diabetes and periodontitis with a sample of 36 patients who are diagnosed with Periodontitis and who have a history of diabetes for 6 weeks, were examined in the clinical laboratory, After data collection, where all the results obtained from the research work were entered to perform the statistics obtained. Grade A decreased considerably from 44.44% to 16.67%, the percentage of patients in grade B remained at 50% while patients with grade C increased from 5.56% to 33.33%. Discussion: Of 36 patients 17 are diabetic, 13 at high risk of diabetes and 6 healthy. The age range with the highest prevalence was 50-59 years and the most prevalent gender in diabetes was 30.56% in men; After performing the HbA1c test, the diagnosis of periodontitis referring to Grade changes completely, keeping Grade B at 50% but Grade C increases to 33.33% and Grade A 16.67%.

The disk displacement (DD) is a TMJ internal alteration that accompanies temporomandibular disorders, being found in up to 55% of the population. This can be defined as the anomalous relationship of the disc with the bone structures of the TMJ causing a Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD), that is, incoordination between the disc and the condyle. Objective: Establish specific characteristics of  Tmj structures as a predisposing factors for Temporomandibular disorders. Materials y Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in which 45 MRI magnetic resonances were analyzed, meaning 90 joints, which were found in the Imaging Diagnostic Department database of the Omni Hospital. Its analysis was carried out under different methods accordind the structure studied.Results: The most prevalent disk displacement was slight in 48.89%. The greatest inclination of joint eminence occurred in 85.71% of moderate DD in men and in 55.56% of severe DD in women. The posterior condylar position was found in 100% severe DD. Sigmoid type morphology occurred in 52.22%, being more prevalent in severe DD in 66.67%. The folded disk morphology was found in moderate DD and severe DD in 52.38% and 33.33%. Finally, vertical condylar asymmetry occurred in 55,56% of the patients analyzed. Conclusion: It was concluded that certain characteristics are more prevalent than others that could alert us the presence of disk displacement and its severity as the posterior condylar position and the articular eminence morphology.

Currently, there are countless diagnostic methods for Covid-19, from tests to detect viruses, some with advantages over sensitivity, specificity and others, with disadvantages regarding costs, infrastructure, trained health personnel to apply them, although the procedure of choice. is a molecular technique for detection and amplification of nucleic acids or genetic material such as RT-PCR, it is also necessary to have rapid, simple and ideally tests with high sensitivity and precision and that can be performed on a large scale to provide an early diagnosis, perform better clinical and epidemiological management of patients. However, all of them have their limitations, so it is important to evaluate the performance of existing tests, to qualify which of these is the best diagnostic option based on the analysis of published studies and according to the reality of each health structure so that it replaces the RT-PCR and apply in your hospitals. Less invasive, more accessible methods with less economic burden, such as computed tomography of the chest, may be other options where patterns of chest CT indicate diagnostic probabilities even in initial stages, in addition to moderate and severe ones, with typical patterns according to their severity, which even allows scoring them, in addition to being a very sensitive diagnostic method, its use is important for the management of Covid-19 complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism and patient follow-up, reducing the complications that put the risk at risk. patient life, lower morbidity and mortality rates, and improve quality of life, everything is of fundamental importance to guide health decisions.

Describir el nivel de desgaste laboral en una institución pública de salud ecuatoriana para que la institución considere el desarrollo de la propuesta de mejoramiento de condiciones laborales. Es un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal con muestreo por intención, las cuales fueron 53 enfermeras que laboran en esta entidad en el área de hospitalización y  emergencia, incluye profesionales de la salud que maneja más de dos años en la institución ambos sexo, que accedieron libre y voluntariamente a participar en este trabajo de investigación. La información se recuperó mediante el Instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory, que mide el cansancio emocional, la despersonalización y el desarrollo personal, por medio de una encuesta tomando en este caso solo se consideraron las variables objeto de estudio. Observando que el nivel de agotamiento fue “medio” entre 24 y 54,5%; según el percentil 75 y el 25 en la categoría establecida. Resultados que pueden indicar la presentación de Burnout es directamente proporcional al tiempo de servicio transcurrido, se observa que el 9,4% posee menos de 2 años laborando en la institución, seguidos de 3,8%, 13,2%, 3, 8% con 4 años y medio de trabajo y los restantes 68,1% se distribuye entre más de 5 años. La actividad en el personal de enfermería representa una condición de riesgo para la presentación de Burnout, se debe analizar las otras categorías para establecer un diagnóstico final frente al desgaste laboral en esta casa de salud.

Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal disease, worldwide opportunistic, bird droppings are the predominant environmental reservoir, it is caused by pathogenic encapsulated yeasts in the genus Cryptococcus, which enter the individual generally through the respiratory tract where immunosuppressed patients such as patients HIV / AIDS, which perform organ transplants or chemotherapies, are the most vulnerable group, it is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The aim is to update and describe Cryptococcosis in the context of the immunosuppressed patient with his level of evidence through a documentary review; this entity continues to be a frequent disease in immunosuppressed patients, the pulmonary manifestation is the most usual presentation as well as the affections of the central nervous system, however it also highlights other cutaneous and bone forms, regularly systemic; cryptococcal meningitis represents more than 100,000 deaths especially in patients with human immunodeficiency (HIV), treatment with fluconazole and amphotericin has been shown to be effective therapies.

Patellar instability is a common injury that Múltiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, with more frequent affection to the bone marrow, and requires a number of diagnostic methods to know the staging, treatment and follow-up. It requires evidence of the existence in the blood or urine of the monoclonal protein (component M), by means of the quantification of serum immunoglobulins, protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, total protein in 24-hour urine, aspiration, and unilateral cytogenetic biopsy using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Other methods like bone scan are affected by low sensitivity. Tc-99m MIBI has been proposed in staging and follow-up, proton emission tomography (PET-FDG) has been proposed in MM for its ability to detect active metabolic disease throughout the body. Furthermore, a great scientific effort is being made to redefine the monitoring of the response of the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), resulting in the development and validation of highly sensitive techniques to detect minimal residual disease (MRD), however questions remain unanswered about these methods other than the clinical evolution of the patient.