Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Chronic sinusitis is a chronic disease that involves long-term inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Despite its widespread prevalence and its substantial impact on the population, there are no approved medications for its management and treatment. This is largely due to a lack of research on safe and effective treatments, which in turn is related to a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this article is to provide a review of the literature on the theoretical references of chronic sinusitis, in order to update and deepen the knowledge about its etiology and the general aspects of clinical or surgical treatment that are useful for the scientific community. Twenty literature review articles and 5 data analysis articles on the subject were analyzed. Articles were collected from 2010 to 2019, in both English and Spanish. Evidence supports high-volume daily saline irrigation with topical corticosteroid therapy as first-line therapy for chronic sinusitis. A short course of systemic corticosteroids (1-3 weeks), a short course of doxycycline (3 weeks), or a leukotriene antagonist may be considered in patients with nasal polyps. A prolonged cycle (3 months) of macrolide antibiotic can be considered for patients without polyps.

Patellar instability is a common injury that can lead to significant activity limitations and long-term arthritis. There is a high risk of recurrence in patients, and surgical management is often indicated. Advances in understanding patellofemoral anatomy, such as knowledge of the medial patellofemoral ligament, the distance between the tibial tubercle and the trochlear sulcus, and trochlear dysplasia may allow better surgical management of patellar instability. However, techniques such as reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament are technically demanding and can result in a significant complication. The role of trocleoplasty remains unclear. The objective of this study is to describe the main theoretical references on evaluation and treatment of patellofemoral instability. This review aims to understand the clinical importance of the evaluation and treatment of patellofemoral instability. The methodology used was documentary analysis, search engines such as Pubmed, Elsevier, Scielo and Uptodate were used using the specific keywords related to the disease. Articles with less than five years of publication that resulted from the advanced search for information were analyzed.

Hemorrhoids are normal vascular structures in the anal canal that serve to maintain anal continence during non-defecation periods, congestion and prolapse of the anal cushion lead to frequent hemorrhoidal disease in the area of ??coloproctology, affecting approximately 4 and 10 percent of the general population. We present an update on the therapeutic aspects of hemorrhoidal disease through a documentary review, with an emphasis on surgical techniques according to severity, available in the published works in order to achieve the objective of this investigation. Treatment in the majority of patients is conservative and surgical excision is very effective in treating symptomatic forms, which minimizes recurrent disease when performed correctly, however it is reserved for selected cases, especially grade III or IV hemorrhoids, patients with significant comorbidities or who take anticoagulant drugs. It is known some cases where the diagnosis is not precise and the treatment is not very effective, affecting the quality of life of the patients, generating a greater financial and labor burden, it is also important to inform the patient about recurrences, post-surgical pain, time of surgery, general measures for surgical decision making.

Chorioamnionitis is a common complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal, perinatal, and long-term adverse outcomes. Diagnosis is problematic and is based on inconsistent clinical and laboratory criteria with poor predictive value. The objective of this study is to examine the performance of clinical and paraclinical criteria for the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis, in addition to analyzing current information on the definition, epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. The sample consisted of 25 literature review articles, trials and meta-analyzes published between January 2015 and February 2020. Pubmed, Scielo and Elsevier were used as search engines for information. Language was limited for articles in English and Spanish.

This narrative review analyzes the literature to determine the current concepts on the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome that allow updating the knowledge of health personnel. Digital repositories such as Pubmed, Elsevier and SCIELO were used for the advanced search of the literature on the subject, using the specific keywords "carpal tunnel", "treatment", "paresthesia" and "electromyography". Articles with less than five years of publication that resulted from the advanced search for information were analyzed. Conclusion: This review clarifies some aspects of the treatment of this disease. Conservative treatment options include immobilizing the wrist in a neutral position and physical therapy. Oral corticosteroids can be effective in the short term (two to four weeks), but local injections can improve symptoms over a longer period. If symptoms are refractory to conservative measures or if nerve conduction studies show severe entrapment, open or endoscopic release of the carpal tunnel may be necessary.

Chronic blepharitis is a global public health problem due to its high prevalence and the difficulty of performing treatment due to its relapses, generating frequent consultation with the ophthalmology area, especially in the Demodex context. We present an update on ophthalmic clinical manifestations with emphasis on blepharitis due to D. folliculorum and brevis, through a review of secondary documents highlighting the ocular clinical characteristics caused by this mite. The recurrence of this disease is very high and the treatments are limited. It manifests itself with the appearance of crusts and / or dandruff at the base of the eyelashes, irritation, itching of the eyelids and sensation of a foreign body causing chronic symptoms of blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, rosacea, eye, eyelash disorders and chalazia, against an infectious disease of the eye surface that does not respond to conventional treatment, this ectoparasite should be suspected.

Valvular aortic stenosis is a progressive disease that affects 2% of the population aged 65 and over. The main cause in adults is calcification and fibrosis of a previously normal tricuspid valve or a congenital bicuspid valve. The objective of this study is to update the theoretical references on aortic stenosis. A systematic search of articles in PUBMED and SCIELO was performed using the following keywords: "aortic stenosis", "echocardiogram", "aortic valve disease", "pathophysiology", "etiology". All relevant literature on aortic stenosis was selected, including a total of 14 articles from 2015 to 2019. Studies on treatment, clinical trials and meta-analyzes were excluded. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the disease to expand knowledge and improve quality of care.

Psoriasis is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, joints, and is usually associated with comorbidities of inflammatory and immunological aspects; We an update on the biological drugs that have shown efficacy in this entity in moderate to severe phases by means of a review of secondary documents where the biological ones with the most scientific evidence stand out. Systematic treatments can reduce the severity of symptoms and avoid further damage, so timely therapy should be started in order to stop the progression of skin symptoms and possibly reduce systemic ones.

It is a cosmopolitan disease caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia through feco-oral ingestion, then it resides in the upper small intestine where it destroys the enterocyte and velocities, it affects populations with low economic resources where hygienic, sanitary and educational conditions are deficient, constitutes An enteritis of great epidemiological and clinical importance due to its high prevalence and pathogenicity, it is related to preschool children and immunosuppressed adults, it is the cause of acute aqueous diarrhea, chronic malnutrition and can produce irritable colon and allergic symptoms. We present an update on the therapeutic aspects of giardiasis through a documentary review, detailing the various useful therapeutic drugs in children and adults, available in the context of 9 published clinical cases to achieve the objective of this research. Treatment consists of supportive measures for diarrhea and antiparasitics such as metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide, albendazole that are well tolerated by pediatric patients. Preventive drug treatment is controversial, however asymptomatic cases it is recommended to perform this, under certain criteria such as the patient's immunosuppressed state or according to the risk of transmission of the infection, cases of relapse by this entity require repeated therapy , including two drugs to cover resistance, which can help guarantee the safety of cure considering that therapeutic failures are increasingly common.

A case of coinfection by Mayaro and Chikungunya viruses in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador during 2019 is presented, a geographical area suitable for the development of these vectors causing Mayaro Fever (MAYV) and Chikungunya, both of the Togaviridae family, genus alphavirus (group To arboviruses) for this reason it is important to investigate both morbidities, which are transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes of the genus Haemagogus spp in jungle areas and by Aedes Agypti or Albopictus, a species that also causes dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Mayaro and 20 other arboviruses in urban areas. From its appearance to the present time, there is a low number of reports of infection by Mayaro and Chikungunya, however, an epidemiological alert has been raised for Mayaro due to the appearance of cases in tropical countries including Ecuador, this necessitates medical updating and review of locally registered cases; by virtue of what has been stated and it is necessary to disseminate to the medical community the clinical characteristics of these entities to facilitate the diagnosis and control of infections caused by arboviruses.