Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Last 5th of February 2020, the District Court of The Hague published a pronouncement on the System of Risk Indicators (SyRI) by which it considers: (1) that it is lawful to use such an instrument whenever a public interest is involved and appropriate measures are taken to guarantee the minimum interference in the right of privacy; and (2) that, since the specific implementation of SyRI does not offer those appropriate guarantees, SyRI legislation does not respect the proportionality judgment between interference and the right of privacy according to article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Through this essay we reflect in detail on the considerations of the Court on the right of privacy, the massive collection of data and the opacity of algorithms for the analysis of big data.

In this article, we explain how big data presents new challenges beyond the protecting of privacy. Specifically, we discuss how big data can affect competition in the markets, by facilitating certain anti-competitive behaviors. To introduce the subject, the article begins by mentioning the concept and usefulness of big data. Then, the article refers to how big data can contribute to the formation of barriers to entry or can be a source of abuse of market power. The article continues delving into the importance of analyzing whether big data is a relevant asset in concentration operations, especially in the case of killing acquisitions, both in digital markets and in industry in general. When dealing with concentration operations, the article refers to the change on the burden of proof and thresholds in preventive mergers. Finally, the possibility that big data may be a collusion facilitator is addressed, allowing behaviors such as pricing algorithms, through algorithms that can learn to collude.

We dare to affirm there is no area of knowledge where robotic-artificial intelligence duo has not entered yet; and that currently one of the main questions revolves around the possibility of granting a specific legal personality to certain kind of robots and consequently the conferring of ownership over certain rights; in this sense, an unresolved question is who owns the artworks created by artificial intelligence. Beyond an “implied” ownership, the current state of creations makes it necessary to execute a serious analysis related to the varying possibilities still covered by a character of absolute negation or reasonable doubt.

In this study, we analyzed whether online mediation was recommended for the Chilean Family Mediation System. The hypothesis that we proposed was that online mediation could benefit the users and mediators of said System, and would not prevent the mediator from adequately performing the mediation work or complying with the principles of the process. The results showed that this modality could favor access to mediation and avoid the discontinuity of the service when it is not possible to physically gather the participants, and furthermore, it would not hinder the adequate performance of the mediation work nor would it comply with the principles of the process. Therefore, we conclude that it is not reasonable that only physical assistance be admitted to the Chilean Family Mediation System.

This article analyses the crime of cyber fraud, with an emphasis on its defi-nition and delimitation. To do this, it begins by briefly examining its unlawful character in regards to other cybercrimes. Then, it addresses its meaning and scope, as well as its relationship with other crimes. Finally, it offers some suggestions for a future legal regu-lation of cyber fraud considering what is established in the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe.

El 2020 será un año inolvidable en muchos sentidos. A la pandemia generada por el COVID-19 y al confinamiento parcial de las personas para intentar detener su propagación —parcial porque todavía una buena parte de la población, al menos en Chile y América Latina, debe salir de sus hogares para buscar el sustento diario— debemos sumar, en lo que al derecho y la tecnología le compete en este contexto, un embate fuerte y la instalación —a veces fallida y otras tantas exitosa— de una supuesta tensión entre los derechos a la privacidad y a la protección de datos personales con el valor de la seguridad, en este caso, en su acepción seguridad sanitaria. En el plano normativo, en junio de 2020 se cumplieron dos años de la entrada en vigencia de la reforma constitucional que consagró el derecho a protección de los datos personales en Chile, al incorporarla expresamente en el numeral 4 del artículo 19 de la Constitución vigente.

En estos días, a fines de 2020, se discute en el Congreso Nacional de Chile, el proyecto de ley que implementa el Convenio de Budapest sobre Cibercrimen y que deroga la Ley Nº19.223 sobre delitos informáticos de 1993. Un proyecto largamente anhelado por la comunidad técnica vinculada a la ciberseguridad y por la comunidad científica del derecho y la tecnología, que, por largos años, ha evidenciado las insuficiencias de la ley vigente —aprobada antes de la existencia y masificación de la web— en múltiples conferencias, seminarios y artículos de doctrina, muchos de ellos publicados en nuestras páginas. Entre las innovaciones que considera el proyecto de ley, varias de ellas fruto del aporte de parlamentarias y parlamentarios interesados en este tema, queremos destacar la incorporación de normas que tienen por objeto proteger legalmente la búsqueda y notificación de vulnerabilidades de ciberseguridad. De aprobarse una disposición expresa que exima de responsabilidad penal a los investigadores en ciberseguridad que habiendo encontrado una vulnerabilidad en una red, sistema o programa computacional, notifiquen inmediatamente de ella a la entidad responsable y, eventualmente, a la autoridad pública competente, Chile pasaría a tener no solo una legislación moderna sino que también de vanguardia en la región y el mundo.

This article analyses the crime of cyber espionage, with an emphasis on its definition and delimitation. For this purpose, it starts by briefly examining its unlawful character in regards to other cybercrimes stricto sensu. Subsequently, it addresses its meaning and scope, its relationship with other crimes and some problems facing its punishment. Finally, it also makes suggestions for its future legal reform considering what is established in the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe.

The following investigation analyzes how new technologies influence and modify the current judicial processing. The transfer of the “paper universe” to electronic processing requires certain principles of law to be reconsidered, given that the temporal, geographical and storage barriers that existed through the processing of physical files are today largely overcome by digital technologies. It is proposed that the current situation forces us to rethink the principle of publicity of judicial proceedings, also considering the development of the new constitutional protection of personal data, analyzing cases in which the publicity of the proceedings is harmful and even a source of eventual discrimination for the people. Thus, it turns out that the current circumstances could generate a significant disincentive to litigate. Alternatives from comparative law are analyzed, which guide protection towards “anonymization”, a position to which this research adheres, and which considers a balance between protection of personal data and publicity of the actions.

En la elaboración de los trabajos de titulación se conjuga una serie de requisitos como conocimientos teóricos y metodológicos vinculados con investigación, escritura académica y trámites administrativos, los cuales se presentan como obstáculos para los estudiantes a la hora de finalizar los estudios. Esto hace que los universitarios terminen sus carreras, pero no logren titularse con todas las implicaciones académicas, socioeconómicas y personales que esto supone. Por ello este artículo se plantea como objetivo explorar la normativa académica de once carreras de la Universidad de Cuenca, a través del método descriptivo. A partir de lo cual se logra establecer que la normativa es entendida más como la regulación de procesos administrativos que como de investigación y escritura académica.