Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Social skills are described as those behaviors that help the individual to maintain an interpersonal relationship, expressing personal elements (thoughts, opinions, emotions) adequately according to the context of the situation but also allowing him to respect the behaviors of others, minimizing possible problems or offering solutions for those that already exist. When there are deficiencies in these abilities, alterations in the social relationships that the person has can be generated, reaching in some cases even psychopathological disorders. Training in social skills is an option that has been effective for the treatment of various situations; for example, in psychopathologies such as social anxiety or schizophrenia, to generate the ability to resolve interpersonal conflicts, strengthen socialization. This work has the objective of carrying out a review of social skills training programs that have been applied in Spanish speaking countries. The search process was carried out from the databases Ebsco, Springer Link, Dialnet, and Google Scholar, to be able to collect the original articles published in which some type of training has been carried out, during the period of 2014-2020, 12 articles that met the analysis criteria were used for the review. From the reviewed articles, it can be observed that they obtained results of statistically significant difference in the pre-, and post-intervention, this is useful to characterize said training, and generate novel intervention programs.

Obesity is a serious health problem that has increased in recent decades. It is a chronic disease responsible for serious physical, psychological and social problems, reaching to alter the quality of life of people who suffer from it. Bariatric surgery is the best treatment for obesity even in its most severe levels, since in addition to reducing excess weight, it achieves a high rate of improvement and remission of metabolic comorbidities, improving the quality and expectation of life of the operated patients. Within bariatric procedures, laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are the most performed worldwide. Quality of life is defined as, the perception that the obese person has of their physical, psychological, and social limitations and the reduction of opportunities. The success of the surgery consists of changing the quality of life of the patient. The results should not be evaluated only according to the initial loss or late weight gain, complications or sequelae of one or another technique or the subsequent need for cosmetic surgery, but a series of factors derived from the patients themselves should be taken into account, which together define the quality of life and even the cost / benefit ratio.

The most common pollutant of the air that surrounds us in the atmosphere is Particulate Material (PM), which is a heterogeneous mixture suspended as aerosol droplets we breathe. Studies in animals and humans, indicate that this particulate material can pass from the upper respiratory tract and reach the brain through the olfactory nerve, or reach the lungs and pass into the bloodstream and affect other organs or coagulation mechanisms, what can cause vascular accidents, heart attacks, chronic lung diseases or cancer. In developing countries in 2012 there were a total of 7.3 million deaths associated with environmental causes; and of them, most are attributed to air pollution specifically.Upon reaching the brain, the particulate material produces molecular, cellular, histological and pathophysiological alterations that can lead to the exposed individual having the risk of seeing their cognitive functions affected and if this progresses, develop dementia. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's Disease, which constitute a major public health problem. The objective of this research is to carry out a search of studies in animals and in people about the negative effects of the inhalation of particulate material on the brain and its functions, and the possibility of reaching degenerative states such as dementia.

Changes in nutrition and population are intimately related in several ways. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), since 1997, overweight and obesity have been recognized as public health problems, both in developed and developing countries, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, each year around 2.8 million people die because of them. Overweight and obesity are the starting point for pathologies such as the metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. Mexico has been immersed in this epidemic, with the information provided by the National Nutrition and Health Surveys since 1988 it has been possible to document the permanent tendency to increase Overweight and Obesity. It has been widely documented that the increase in obesity throughout the world is closely linked to food policies, understood as one of the structural social determinants of health. Healthy public policies should be formulated to promote the prevention and control of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and reorient health systems so that they meet the needs of people suffering from excess body weight. The objective of this article is to know the factors that have driven the generation of programs, strategies and public policies around the epidemic of Overweigth and Obesity in order to ensure its control and prevention in the Mexican population.

Despite T2DM is considered a nosological entity of adults, it has increased in children under 19 years old. This is due to changes in lifestyles but above all to the increase of overweight and obesity registered in recent years. There are multiple studies focused on describing both the epidemiology and the clinical presentation of T2DM in children and adolescents. In Mexico, there is little research that provides data on the behavior and distribution of this disease in the Mexican population. However, given the characteristics of the population, it is very likely to find more cases than those that are currently reported. That is why this article aims at making a brief analysis of the main risk factors associated with diabetes, epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical presentation as well as diagnosis and treatment in T2DM in adolescents. 

The use of mobile apps in healthcare turned around the paradigm in which the medical service is underneath. M-Health is an increasing sector that offers a lot of innovation possibilities, it makes information available at any time. It allows the access to a large universe of tools that pledge to be of great benefit and become an important resource in the provision of health services due to its easy diffusion, use and wide acceptance. The mobile app help in diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention and effective counseling of health information. The reviewed literature reveal that M-Health in Mexico has a great potential to ameliorate access and quality of health-care services, boosting effectiveness of public health programs and the abatement of health care costs. The objective of this article is to explain the relation and benefits of e-Health and m- Health in the health care field and to identify the mobile app developed in public and private health care services in Mexico

Dengue is an infectious disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality, transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Aedes aegypti, vector distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. America is one of the most affected regions. This vector is controlled through insecticides that due to its constant use in populations, a resistance phenomenon has been produced. The objective of this review is to identify the situation of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti in Latin American countries. In this region, several insecticides have been used for vector control; in the last 10 years insecticides of the pyrethroid and organophosphorus group have been used as adulticides for the control of the mosquito, conditioning resistance. Some insecticides such as organophosphates and deltamethrin, despite of not being intensively used in Latin American countries, also show resistance. Improvements in vector control are required, including the rotation of the insecticides during the different seasons, as well as innovating techniques and forms of vector control

Rabies is considered a re-emerging disease due to increased contact with the reservoir. The vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is the reservoir and main transmitter of this disease. Alterations in the natural environment have caused imbalances of impact on the ecology, influencing the movement of the reservoir from natural areas to rural and urban environments, where there are human settlements and the presence of domestic animals. The objective of this work has been to present the most relevant aspects about the role of the vampire bat as a natural reservoir and main transmitter of rabies in the region in order to raise awareness in the population about the risk this is to public health. Attacks by vampire bat Desmodus rotundus on livestock species are becoming more frequent, even in regions that for decades had been considered free from rabies. This represents a public health problem, because these cases can generate contacts between infected animals and people.

Diabetes is a chronic, progressive and disabling disease that affects millions of people around the world, with a high mortality rate derived from poor control. The paradigm of the treatment of diabetes has shifted to focus on empowering the person with diabetes to manage the disease successfully and to improve their quality of life. Diabetes self-management education, or DSME, is a process where people with diabetes gain the knowledge and skills needed to make informed decisions, modify their behaviour and to self-manage, in collaboration with health personnel, successfully the disease and its related conditions. To achieve these goals a structured educational program is used, in 4 stages which include assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation; to carry on this program, the model of the seven self-care behaviours known as AADE7®, developed by the American Association of Diabetes Educators, is used as a frame of reference. The objective of this paper is to analyse the components of the education program for diabetes self-care as well as its reference framework, the AADE7® model, and its importance in the metabolic control of diabetes.

Nowadays, one of the main public health concerns worldwide is overweight and obesity; in addition, this event has developed significant damage in the pediatric population (infants, children and adolescents). Therefore, it is well known that the reason is an energy disproportion between the calories consumed and spent. Furthermore, the aim study was to anthropometrically assess the current health condition and the degree of overweight and obesity in young subjects between 14 and 17 years of age from the General High School from the Superior School of Huejutla, the Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo. The project was realized in a sample of teenagers (N = 99), conventional anthropometric measurements were engaged such as: height, weight, abdomen circumference, arm circumference. The size in percentiles according to the BMI of the tables of growth and development curves (CDC) was used: poor (<5 percentile), lean (5 <95th percentile), overweight (85 <95th percentile) and obesity (> 95th percentile). Moreover, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each of the subjects in the sample was measured in triplicate. The results obtained were subdivided into low weight (6.6%) normal weight (71.71%), overweight (18.18%) and obesity (37.14%) according to the BMI. In this way, they were grouped according to percentiles in: normal pressure (4.4%), prehypertension (12.12%) and hypertension (5.05%). An isolated result was gained in the prevalence of nutritional states of risk of overweight and obesity. Nevertheless, the trend in this population is weight gain.