Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to detect genetic variations associated with economically important traits in agriculture, so that they can be used by plant breeders as selection tools, increasing the efficiency of the traditional process, since the genotype of morphologically similar individuals excluding the influence of the environment. Molecular markers have been identified as a useful tool in the selection of superior genotypes; they have been used extensively in gene mapping, both for qualitative and quantitative traits and are also useful, to identify economically important traits in the breeding population and their subsequent manipulation in a short time. Plant breeding through marker assisted selection (MAS) has enormous potential to improve the efficiency of conventional methods. Agricultural biotechnology allows establishing an approximation between the phenotype and the genotype of individuals, allowing the study of the existing variability in genetic materials and sustained progress in the genetic improvement of plants. The advantages of the different available forms of molecular markers and their applications are explored.

El ciclo de azufre es uno de los ciclos biogeoquímicos más importantes del planeta. Sin embargo, la contaminación generada por las actividades antrópicas puede modificar este ciclo, sobre todo en los ecosistemas acuáticos, al ser más vulnerables. El principal objetivo del estudio fue crear columnas de Winogradsky a partir de agua y sedimentos de cuatro ecosistemas acuáticos en la Región Amazonas, dos lénticos y dos lóticos, estudiando los microorganismos relacionados con el ciclo del azufre que se desarrolla en cada ecosistema, y cómo están afectados. Para ello, se determinaron los gradientes fisicoquímicos generados y cómo se agrupan, tanto estos, como los ecosistemas y las columnas creadas. Se analizaron en cada ecosistema acuático y en cada columna de Winogradsky, parámetros fisicoquímicos como oxígeno disuelto (OD) sulfatos (SO4), fosfatos (PO4), nitratos (NO3), nitritos (NO2) y amonio (NH4). Las columnas de Winogradsky creadas no mostraron todos los estratos que deberían presentar. Los gradientes fisicoquímicos fueron, en general, normales, excepto el del OD en los ecosistemas lénticos, indicando una posible eutrofización. Se observó que los ecosistemas acuáticos y las columnas de Winogradsky creadas forman tres grupos muy marcados, en uno se agrupan las columnas de los ecosistemas lénticos, en otro las columnas de los lóticos y en otro todos los ecosistemas. Los parámetros de SO4 y PO4 forman un grupo totalmente separado del resto de variables en cuanto a la agrupación de los parámetros fisicoquímicos. Por tanto, el ciclo del azufre en los ecosistemas acuáticos estudiados de la Región Amazonas se vio afectado, principalmente, por actividades antrópicas como la agricultura y la ganadería.

This documentary and exploratory work emphasizes a qualitative approach as a preliminary and complementary phase of the quantitative. The study is presented in the application of a case and the use of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify behavioural,normative and control beliefs that influence the motivation in individuals to share their knowledge in communities of public organizations. For this, data was collected from applied interviews to experts of the Tax Administration in Quito-Ecuador. The data wereclassified and codified in words, expecting the recognition of 63 beliefs which will allow the construction of a questionnaire in the future that validates the relationships between the variables of the motivation model used. In the documentary review, the strengths of qualitative and quantitative are contrasted, their incompatibility is rejected and the selection of hybrid approaches is encouraged, highlighting the best of each method and exemplifying the use of qualitative methods in the construction of typologies of case narratives and modal narratives as categories in the quantitative analysis.

In the field of administration, the methodological horizon faces the nature of a study object marked by the historical, contingent and complex, thus it is necessary to move towards an alternative methodological ethos, different from those implemented in positivist research in reasoning and logical forms. From the aforementioned approach, this paper presents a post-positivist methodological perspective in which the qualitative approach converges with critical interpretative approaches and recovers the philosophical mediation for management research. The dynamization of the methodological field that we propose foresees the structuring of three logical research spaces, i) a critical-interpretative methodological approach; ii) an intellection strategy; iii) research techniques. These logical spaces are embedded and set in a philosophical and epistemic vision, in our case the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. The research is illustrated by a study on human talent management training in Ecuador and is aligned with the purpose of approaching plural perspectives in Organizational Studies.

This article presents chronologically historical-cultural and economic facts of cocoa in Ecuador. Through the metaphor of the fabric, a double look of its history is established, considering that it has been one of the most important primary export products ofEcuador. This research aims to describe the main elements of the cultural and economic dimension related to the history of cocoa on the Ecuadorian coast and helps in understanding the articulation of these dimensions. It is based on the descriptive method with the techniques of documentary and bibliographic analysis in historical perspective, to demonstrate the importance of the cultural sense of cocoa linked to the economic aspect of the product. The metaphor presented here indicates that the warp of the cocoa fabric is related to the less visible factors and refers to the historical and cultural aspects of the product; the plot, which is the most visible, corresponds to the economic and commercial context of cocoa. The article highlights some elements that make up the dimensions of analysis and that may serve to deepen the magnitude or direction of their interrelations.

Presentatión

Editorial

Ethos in leadership is the ontological foundation (existing-real-philosophical) of a profession and dictates, marks, guides the disposition of the Manager when exercising the functions that by his profession performs, as well as determines how to achieve professional fulfilment. Ethos cannot be treated individually but as a result of: a particular social structure, politics, economics and even culture; Ethos’ reference is dynamic because it is changeable over time, modifiable and turns out to be part of both personal and social trajectory. Among the personal factors that affect Ethos are: age, income, type of education, job stability, health aspects and social factors including public and private systems. This study shows from the bibliography a theoretical foundation of all the elements, concepts, the moral-professional being, the motivational structure, the context of ethics, leadership, and the formation of the Human Talent Manager. The analysis of the Ecuadorian and South American university is contextualized, within the framework of the reforms that have taken place in the universities and the competitiveness strategies among them.

This article was based on a methodological approach to a study that aimed to assess the extent to which the institutional environment contributed to the development of specialty coffees in the municipality of Carmo de Minas, southeast of Brazil. This investigation was based on a qualitative approach since the data collection was based on the perception of the interviewed people about the phenomenon studied and characterized as bibliographic and documentary. As a result, it was discovered that the way in which local actors were organized, allowed to improve the quality of coffees and allowed to obtain the registration of the geographical indication. In this sense, local institutions played an important role, since the cooperative and the producer association participate in the entire coffee production chain. Thus, it was observed that the improvements and established standards in coffee production and marketing process allowed rural producers to access more sophisticated markets, generating more profitability and, consequently, local development.