Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El 2020 es un año distinto, impensado. La Organización mundial de la salud ha declarado al Covid 19 (Coronavirus) como Pandemia y, por Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia nuestro Presidente estableció Emergencia Sanitaria en el país, trayendo aparejado el aislamiento social preventivo obligatorio, en virtud del carácter indispensable para la población con el fin de evitar la rápida propagación del virus. Por todo esto, nos hemos visto obligadas a reconsiderar nuestras actividades asistenciales y académicas y adoptar nuevas formas de comunicación con nuestra comunidad y así, garantizar la continuidad de nuestra misión. Mientras el mundo atraviesa también momentos de enorme complejidad, incertidumbre y vertiginosos cambios que parecen contradictorios, superpuestos y muchas veces difusos, se renuevan nuestras metas y aspiraciones. El camino que se abre ante nosotros es incierto y un desafío de envergadura, habrá que repensarse con mayor humildad y sencillez con mayor conciencia en el uso eficiente de los recursos y de la vida de todos y de cada uno. Pero manteniendo firme nuestros ideales, convicciones y el orgullo por el camino recorrido. Una vez más, con gran esfuerzo, podemos compartir con Uds. el trabajo de nuestras colegas, quienes cada día siguen dando lo mejor de sí a sus pacientes, además de sus conocimientos y buenas prácticas. Prácticas con las que demuestran no sólo su vocación de servicio sino también el gran crecimiento alcanzado por nuestra disciplina. Este número de Fonoaudiológica es sin duda muy especial, nos encuentra en una situación especial, pero con la esperanza de que estos complejos momentos que nos tocan transitar constituyan una oportunidad para unirnos más, fortalecer visiones compartidas y crear nuevos acuerdos en beneficio de nuestra vida, nuestra profesión y la salud de nuestros pacientes.                          Dra. Silvia Jury                                          Dra. María Alejandra Naveira        Directora Revista Fonoaudiológica                                   Presidente ASALFA                                                                      Comité editorial

Introduction and objectives: Syntax is one of the most altered areas in Specific Language Disorder (SLD), not only at the productive level, but also and especially at the level of comprehension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the syntactic comprehension in children with SLD. Material and methods: The participants were 20 children between 4 and 11 years old distributed in two groups. The first group consisted of 10 children with a diagnosis of SLD and the second group consisted of 10 children with typical development (TD) and matched in chronological age. Both groups were evaluated with the Grammar Structure Comprehension (CEG) test. Results: The results obtained show that children with SLD show more errors in all syntactic comprehension items compared to children with TD. Conclusions: It is necessary to work comprehensive syntax in parallel with productive syntax to improve the language skills of people with TEL.

The advancement of knowledge and technology in the health sector account for the increase in morbidity in the population constituted by infants and babies with a high risk history and therefore greater vulnerability to presenting alterations in the neurodevelopment of communication skills and / or adaptive that will impact the development of language and executive functions. The reflections on these new paradigms of child development promoted us concerns to continue studying this population of infants and young children, considering the following objectives: 1.- Describe the profile of the population that consults the Timely Intervention Program (IOP). 2.-Compare the results obtained by administering the Rocca Scale and the Anamnesis of Adaptive Skills with the results found when administering the CSBS DP. The results found show in Objective 1: 6 cases of minimal / unilateral hearing loss. 18 patients with good performance in all dimensions / -1. 16 patients showing 2 to 3 affected dimensions and 8 patients showing 4 or more affected. In Objective 2: the results obtained by each group were compared by administering: Rocca Scale plus Adaptive Anamnesis and CSBS DP. Obtaining 83%; 88% and 100% coincidence respectively.

Aphasia is a sequential pathology, characterized by the loss or alteration of language as a result of a brain injury. The adult subject suffers from a disorganization of language that manifests itself through symptoms both in production and in verbal comprehension, which may affect the oral or written modality. Although an individual approach is essential in the early stages, adjusted to the characteristics and particularities of each patient; In the state period and particularly in the sequel, the implementation of a group approach is important, where the objective of the work will be fundamentally socialization. Due to the neurological damage, and its abrupt presentation, aphasia causes a great impact on the patient breaking into all areas, forcing him to change his daily dynamics, limiting him in his relationships and possibilities of reintegration. Sharing a space with other people who suffer and feel the same is extremely important. The group approach is a form of phonoaudiological approach that goes beyond language. To coordinate it successfully it is necessary to have a broad look, and also have the support of a professional in the field of psychology or have the possibility of making a careful referral to professionals in the area of mental health. The objective of this work is to share our clinical experience.

FONOAUDIOLÓGICA Integra el Catálogo Latindex (Sistema Regional de Información en Línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal) La Revista FONOAUDIOLOGICA publica trabajos originales e inéditos de investigación y de temas de interés relevantes para la especialidad. También artículos de revisión, actualización, casuística, de normativas y consensos originados por especialistas de las distintas áreas de la Fonoaudiología. Ver información completa.

En Chile, desde el año 2008 se ha implementado el Programa Chile Crece Contigo, con el propósito de favorecer conductas de promoción entre padres, madres e hijos/as. Al respecto, diversos estudios señalan la importancia de la paternidad activa como un factor relacionado con el desarrollo de la salud mental en la niñez. Sin embargo, existe una brecha de conocimiento en la literatura nacional disponible respecto de esta temática a nivel nacional. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de padres y sus parejas en relación a la influencia de prácticas de crianza paternas en el establecimiento de la vinculación afectiva entre padre e hijo/a como conducta promotora de la salud mental en la niñez. Metodología: estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado a padres de niños/as mayores de un año y sus parejas. Resultados: Las conductas de crianza paterna y la vinculación afectiva de hijos/as, es un proceso continuo, dinámico, integrador y multidimensional. Para su comprensión se realizó un análisis en profundidad y se develaron tres categorías comprensivas: Proceso de paternidad, consciencia y sentimientos asociados. Discusión: Las conductas de crianzas paternas están determinadas por diversos factores como género, educacionales, socioeconómicos, entre otros; e influyen en el bienestar biológico, psicológico- emocional y social de la tríada padre-madre-hijo/a.

The stress that is experienced by our society daily, for various reasons, can exacerbate physical, moral, and psychological violence, among others, with higher intensity. This situation extrapolates in the workplace; This also concerns the health area, especially nursing personnel, who are more vulnerable. The objective of this article is to reflect on the impact generated by workplace violence and harassment on nursing personnel and the negative effect it can have on the victim, especially in the long term, and to make an analogy with a multi-resistant disease. This article presents the characteristics of the factors that influence violence and harassment at work: the harasser or aggressor, the victim, and the working conditions. Therefore, it becomes a necessity to address these three factors to stop and reduce harassment. The evidence is limited reveals that the nursing staff has suffered some violence and harassment between 19 - 44%, and the highest percentages are from family and coworkers (nursing staff and chief). In conclusion, based on the reflection made, workplace violence and harassment between and towards nursing personnel is a relevant topic, and urgently requires study and analysis of the profound damage and impact it generates.

Faced with the current pandemic caused by the coronavirus, a situation of the humanitarian crisis is created, making it essential to consider ethical aspects in the provision of Palliative Care to provide comprehensive care to the population at the end of life. Understanding Nursing as a pillar in the Palliative Care work team, this essay aims to reflect on Ethics in Palliative Care Nursing at the end of life in times of COVID-19. Palliative Care develops under ethical principles. It means that all people should have universal access to health, even when the disease is in an advanced stage, offering the quality of life and accompaniment in a dignified death. However, faced with due to the high degree of contagion of the coronavirus, people die isolated in intensive care services without the accompaniment of the family; it is the responsibility of the health team to grant the accompany in death. Given this reality, self-care activities are necessary for the health team and the family, while ensuring safe working conditions and the use of protective equipment. Thus, Nursing has a fundamental ethical role in the current humanitarian crisis, mainly the delivery of Palliative Care at the end of life in times of COVID-19, accompanying at the end of life, avoiding reaching isolation and even death in loneliness.

Self-efficacy defines one's ability to effectively control, organize, and execute the necessary behaviors to handle a situation. In the context of the elderly, it links to the ability to participate in solving any problem in their daily life, allowing them to generate strategies to face these adversities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an educational plan based on physical activity and its association with the level of self-efficacy perceived by the elderly. It is a pre-experimental, pre-test / post-test study with a single, analytical, and correlational group. With a total of 40 participants belonging to the elderly group, "Los Laureles." To assess the level of self-efficacy, the General Self-efficacy Scale was used, validated in Chile, with pre and post-intervention measurements of the educational plan that included 30 sessions taught over three months. As a result, after the educational program applied, the average level of self-efficacy increased by 7 points. This result is of great relevance for the nursing area, considering that it is the care managers and can generate strategies and/or interventions directed and related to education and physical activity as a health promotion and prevention strategy in illness.

Objective: to analyze the coping and adaptation process's relationship with the quality of life and satisfaction of primary caregivers through the application and integration of Orem's and Roy's theories. Methodology: a concomitant mixed triangulation-type study was carried out at the Chiqui Gómez Lubián Polyclinic in Santa Clara municipality, Cuba, from 2016 to 2019. The population was 21 primary caregivers of infants with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder—the data collected with two self-administered scales and an in-depth interview. The scales were processed with the statistical program for the social sciences SPSS version 24.0 and the interview through thematic content analysis. Results: a medium level of coping and adaptation capacity and quality of life and satisfaction of primary caregivers were obtained, about adaptive modes, in addition to getting a proposal for the definition of quality of life in primary caregivers, based on their relationship with the coping and adaptation process. Conclusions: the theoretical references were the ideal support for the analysis since it based on the integration of Roy's adaptation model and the educational support system of Orem's Self-Care Theory, which facilitated the understanding of the relationship between the affected dimensions of quality of life and satisfaction of primary caregivers, such as adaptive self-care needs and adaptive modes, in the process of coping and adaptation, during the act of caring.