Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work analyzes the legal framework of cultural rights to the use of ancestral languages in Ecuador and Venezuela. Through bibliographic research it exposes the current norms on indigenous linguistic rights in the face of their possible violation. It verifies that, in different areas of justice, the structure and worldview of the original languages is not understood. It proposes the formulation of new public policies in justice systems, from an intercultural perspective as the central axis. Presents the intercultural proposal of the Legal Observatory of the University of Otavalo.

Este ensayo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional del Perú acerca de la negación del control constitucional difuso por la administración pública (Sentencia del expediente 04293-2012-PA/TC /Caso Consorcio Requena). Dicha decisión cambia el precedente vinculante del Tribunal Constitucional (expediente 3741-2004-PA/TC) por el que todo juzgado u órgano colegiado de la administración pública tenía el deber de preferir la Constitución frente a una disposición infra constitucional. Conforme a una interpretación de la Constitución no solo el Poder Judicial ejerce función jurisdiccional, sino otros entes públicos que ejercen función administrativa, pues ostentan potestades para decidir conflictos intersubjetivos planteados por los administrados y tienen atribuciones para imponer sanciones y limitar derechos, con autoridad de cosa decidida.

Linguistic diversity is part of the world’s intangible heritage. But not all languages enjoy the same status or recognition. Alongside the great majority languages, there are many indigenous and minority languages that are barely noticed, and whose speakers are deprived of some basic rights such as education in their native language. This contribution address to the interactive dimension of language as part of human activity, and the mother tongue as a speaker’s right recognized by UNESCO; then it turns the attention to the role played by linguistic diversity in the Sustainable Development Goals to underline its importance for such development; It also stress the need to foster mother-tongue-based multilingual education.

Este artículo presenta una experiencia familiar y comunitaria sobre la elaboración de un paisaje lingüístico en náhuatl en la Comunidad de Santa Ana Tlacotenco, Milpa Alta, en la Ciudad de México, como una estrategia de revitalización. Describe la situación sociolingüística del náhuatl en la Comunidad de estudio, hace énfasis en algunas de las causas de su pérdida y desplazamiento lingüístico. Posteriormente, sitúa al paisaje como una estrategia de revitalización lingüística y como uno de los derechos lingüísticos indígenas mexicanos que establece la legislación.

The coronavirus pandemic is the origin of the implementation of exceptional regimes in several states around the world. The exceptional regime is part of the structure of liberal democracy and is legitimized by the rule of law. In these periods the “republican monarch” extends its powers and centralizes others. Exceptional legislation is produced, arbitrary legal sources are activated and the law of necessity is developed. In this time of exception, the rule of law continues to rule, but loses effectiveness, just as the state is still subject to the rule of law, but begins to make its arbitrary institutions visible. The only counterweight to the extensión of state power, in these circumstances, is the regime of capital, especially in the international arena. This article explains the “society of restriction” that develops at the heart of constitutional-pluralist regimes, both in ordinary periods and in crisis.

This article proposes elements for the development of a sociology of minority languages. It raises the need for a dialogue between the social sciences and linguistics for the characterization and the situation of linguistic dominance. For this, he proposes the complementarity between the perspectives of ideologies and linguistic violence. In methodological terms, the article systematizes the literature on linguistic ideologies developed by Krotskity and Silverstein and the works of Pierre Bourdieu on violence and linguistic habitus. Both conceptualizations are reviewed in the light of primary and secondary evidence on the situation of the Mapuche language, Mapudungun, in Chile. The article concludes with a discussion on the sociological possibilities of a linguistic liberation of the indigenous and Mapuche peoples.

Pello Salaburu Etxeberria es catedrático de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), de la cual ha sido rector (1996-2000), vicerrector de Política Lingüística y director del Instituto de Euskara. Es parte del Consejo Asesor del Euskara del Gobierno Vasco, miembro de Euskaltzaindia / Academia de la Lengua Vasca.

Este texto tiene como propósito dar cuenta de la problemática en torno al discurso jurídico, en tanto que los operadores jurídicos y particularmente el juez deben resolver las controversias jurídicas, permeadas por conflictos sociales, pero su insumo esencial son las fuentes del Derecho y particularmente la ley, lo que dificulta su posibilidad de comprender los diferentes fenómenos sociales que el Derecho como ordenamiento pretende intervenir. Adicionalmente, en ocasiones se incurre en dificultades de orden conceptual. Así, desde el enfoque de la Teoría Crítica, se propone que el supuesto de objetividad que tiene el juez, no es tal, porque en él subyace una carga ideológica. El juez, en sus decisiones, impone sus valoraciones y representaciones, su subjetividad: su ideología. Esto se demuestra en el campo probatorio, donde el juez escoge de acuerdo a su criterio qué pruebas y hechos corresponde con su discurso de la verdad.

The objective of the investigation is to demostrate that the contract guarantees issued by the insurance companies in Panama are not effective in regards to cases of breach of contract by the main deptor. The study applies the interview technique to thirty lawyers, from ministries and from autonomous entities, that comprise ninety-five percent of all public contracts that the state enters into.  In the comptroller´s report from November 1, 2018 to October 31, 2019, 1,259,728 contracts, covenants, and agreements in the amount of B/22, 182, 634, 866.00 (page 48) were attended to in that period, just to give you  an idea of the sheer number  we’re dealing with and the  total  amount.  The analysis includes the capital losses of the insurance bonds set forth in the title as an independent variable   and in Panamanian public procurement as a dependent variable, which are complemented in this investigation.  When applying the interview, guides are shown by the authors and he makes an analysis of cualitative data when collecting and evaluating them. The finding during this investigation  show the State gave an advance of 31 million dolars to the Company Hidalgo & Hidalgo, guaranteed with an insurance Company that has not honored its obligation as guarantor. Article III of law 61 of 2017 refers to the Constitution of sureties: in cash, in government credits, in sureties issued by insurance companies, or by bank guarantees or certified or cashier’s cheks.  It is determined that more than 90% of the guarantees are made whit insures, because the comptoller’s office has authorized a three-page concession format that releases them  from their responsibility.  The bank guarantee is half a page explaining in detail the parts, amounts, guarantee, and everything that will be covered until the process, work, or services are completed, with no conditions other than payment.  The results of the investigation include that the surities of insurance companies have not represented any benefit for the panamanian state and have caused millions of dollars in losses.