Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Because of climate change, wildfire events have increased in the semi-arid ecosystems of the world. In this context, it is necessary to count with efficient tools for the rehabilitation or restoration of those systems. Plant propagation is crucial to obtain plants for rehabilitation programs, and it becomes a limiting factor in the success of those initiatives. For this, it is necessary to know how relevant factors affect seed germination in plants of interest. Peumus boldus is a dominant plant species of the Mediterranean area of Chile that has been severely affected by wildfire events. Consequently, in this investigation, the joint effect of pre-germination treatments such as epicarp and mesocarp removal with the use of gibberellic acid on the germination of semimature fruits of P. boldus was studied. The results show that only the removal of the epicarp and the mesocarp had a significant effect on seed germination, reaching a proportion of 51.4%, which is the highest value reported so far in a published study with a controlled setting for P. boldus. Therefore, to obtain a high proportion of P. boldus plantlets for use in rehabilitation programs; seeds should be collected in December and exposed to the pre-germination treatment of pericarp and mesocarp removal without using gibberellic acid in doses lower than or equal to 10 g L-1.

The objective of this study was to evaluate yacon potato propagation from herbaceous cuttings with different numbers of buds. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in two phases. The first phase was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings using a randomized complete block design with 40 replicates. The treatments consisted of varying the number of buds per cutting: two buds (T1), three buds (T2), or four buds (T3). The second phase was carried out in the field following a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates, and the treatments were the same as those used in the seedling phase. The following morphological characteristics were evaluated: number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, number of stems per plant, leaf dry mass, stems, rhizophores, tuberous roots, and tuberous root yield. The physiological characteristics evaluated were the relative chlorophyll content (FCI - Falker chlorophyll index), net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. It was observed that the seedlings from cuttings with 3 buds presented higher stomatal conductance (gs), which reflected their higher transpiration rates. The yacon potato presented the best vegetative and productive development when propagated by herbaceous cuttings with three buds.

Characterizing roots according to their branching order and anatomy is a useful approach for identifying functional differences within and among root systems. In this study, the root branching order and the anatomy of each root order (stele and cortex area) were examined in two-year-old “Duke 7” avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees propagated by seed and by clonal techniques. The root systems were found to have three different root orders that exhibited differences in the occurrence of secondary xylem. Fine roots (first- and second-order roots) presented only primary growth, whereas the main roots (third-order roots) exhibited secondary growth. Transverse sections of roots from the different orders showed pentarch, hexarch or heptarch tracheal element distributions. Newly emerged, long, unbranched pioneer roots were observed only in the clonal trees and showed particular anatomical features, such as a larger diameter and a proportionally greater cortex area than other roots, as well as primary growth. Additionally, significant differences were found between clonal and seedling trees in the stele area of third-order roots; clonal propagation resulted in larger stele areas in this type of root. Our results suggest that propagation methods influence the presence of new pioneer roots and the anatomy of third-order roots; clonal root systems branch more extensively than seed-grown root systems and develop a vascular system with a larger transport capacity.

This study aimed to prepare a feijoa wine and to assess its physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. Feijoa were harvested at physiological maturation, and their pulp was fermented in a BOD device at 16 ± 2 °C for 15 days. After the fermentation process, the beverage was characterized for its physicochemical parameters, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids by spectrophotometry, carotenoids by HPLC, and antioxidant activity by the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS methods. These same analyses were performed on the pulp in natura for comparative and evaluation purposes of the process. The feijoa fermentation process had a high yield (82%), and the physicochemical characteristics were in accordance with this class of beverage. The beverage had high antioxidant activity, while six carotenoids were identified in the fruit in natura, with (all)-trans-lutein and β-cryptoxanthin being the major carotenoids, in addition to a phenolic content of 176.22 mg GAE 100 g-1 and a total flavonoid content of 0.11 mEq quercetin 100 g-1. The wine had a lower bioactive compound content but a higher antioxidant activity than the pulp. Feijoa wine is a viable technological product in addition to exhibiting antioxidant activity.

Soil security is an emerging multidisciplinary concept that provides a framework with the potential to support the sustainability of the agri-food sector while simultaneously supporting the other functions that soil provides. This framework considers the biophysical, economic, and social dimensions that impact this multifunctional system. Particular attention is given to describing the impact of the recent development in assessing the soil’s capacity and how it affects its function, assessed through its capability and condition. Progress in placing value on the functions of soil is explored, and the opportunity to increase connectivity between soil and end users is developed through multidisciplinary educational strategies. The perspectives provided here lead to a set of recommendations that will guide the development of future strategies, the pressing need for a set of measurable indicators, and the development of incentive schemes to secure the soil’s ability to support agrifood systems and its other ecosystem functions.

La Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar Primaria es una enfermedad incurable que limita la capacidad funcional, con una expectativa de vida corta. Actualmente se han desarrollado medicamentos que mejoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En los transplantes de pulmón y corazón-pulmón no reaparece dicha entidad, siendo esta la cura definitiva de la misma. En Cuba, no se realizan actualmente ninguno de los dos.La Septostomía Auricular, representa una alternativa terapéutica más, siendo utilizada como paliativo o escalón previo a la ejecución del trasplante. En nuestro sistema, constituiría el último paso para enfrentar esta enfermedad.Se expone la introducción, por primera vez, de esta técnica en el país en una paciente con Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar, la cual presentaba predictores elevados de fracaso y mortalidad transprocedimiento. Fue realizado con éxito y sin complicaciones.La Septostomía Auricular, constituye una opción de tratamiento que mejora la calidad de vida de estos enfermos.       

La enfermedad cardiovascular es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y  mortalidad asociado con la obesidad. El IMC ofrece información útil que permite la evaluación global de la adiposidad, mientras que la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) e índice cintura/estatura (ICE) valoran la adiposidad abdominal como predictores de riesgo cardiovascular. Con el objetivo  de determinar el riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de 433 estudiantes regulares  (161 hombres y 272 mujeres), entre 18 y 40 años de edad  del periodo académico 2018 de las facultades de Ciencias de la Salud, Ingeniería Agronómica, Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas. Ciencias Humanísticas y Sociales de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador. La metodología utilizada fue la evaluación antropométrica: peso, talla, IMC (OMS 2015), CC (OMS,2000), ICE (Aswell, 2012) e IMC-CC(ATP III, 2001). A través de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Análisis: Chi-cuadrado, Correlación de Pearson. Programa Estadístico (SPSS 23). Los resultados evidencian: hombres= edad: 21,3± 3,3 años; IMC: 24,8±4,4 kg/m2; CC: 83,9 ±11,2 cm y el ICE: 0,49±0,06. En las mujeres: edad: 21,3± 3,4 años; IMC: 23,5±4,8 kg/m2, CC: 76,2 ±10,0 cm (p=0,000) y el ICE: 0,47±0,06 (p=0,002); El estado nutricional según IMC: hombres: Normal:44,7%; sobrepeso: 21%; obesidad: 10,6%y déficit:7,8%.En mujeres: Normal: 58,8%; sobrepeso:37,3%; obesidad:  9,6%  y déficit: 10,7% (p=0,013); RCV= Hombres 46% y mujeres 33,8 % (p=0,012). IMC- CC = Hombres 55,9 % presentó RCV, distribuidos riesgo aumentado: 29,8%, alto:  15,5%, muy alto: 8,7% y 1,9% extremadamente alto; en mujeres 55,9 % riesgo aumentado=22,1%, alto: 5,1%, muy alto: 8,5% y 4 1,5% extremadamente alto (p=0,002). Se concluye que este grupo de estudiantes universitarios presenta un alto riesgo para el desarrollo  de la obesidad abdominal como factor de riesgo cardiovascular.                                                                                                

La concepción de terapias curativas aplicadas a niños con cáncer presenta considerables logros. La cardio – oncología es una nueva disciplina horizontal dedicada al diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares inducidas por el tratamiento oncológico; sin embargo, surgen interrogantes relacionadas con las estrategias a desarrollar en el paciente pediátrico durante el momento de actividad tumoral con independencia de la recepción terapéutica.La cardio – oncología pediátrica se particulariza respecto a su contraparte en el adulto mediante diferencias relacionadas con las entidades onco – hematológicas que enfrenta, las  co – morbilidades sistémicas y cardiovasculares identificadas, las aproximaciones medicamentosas aplicadas, la caracterización del miocardio en el niño y las respuestas del organismo ante el tratamiento. La adopción de estrategias de seguimiento destinadas  a pacientes pediátricos en actividad tumoral precisa del enfoque multidisciplinario dedicado a la monitorización cardiovascular desde la etapa previa al tratamiento. El análisis de cada uno de los detalles y peculiaridades inherentes a la mencionada  modalidad de monitoreo establece su ruta crítica que se sustenta en la prevención sistemática, la estratificación de riesgo en conjunción al diagnóstico precoz de cardiotoxicidad y la medicación protectora del sistema cardiovascular.

La punción transeptal es un procediento seguro y generalizado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las arritmias cardiacas localizadas en las cavidades izquierdas del corazón. En este artículo se describe la técnica con dos electrodos de registro intracavitario como referencia anatómica a partir de la experiencia inicial de los primeros doce casos.