Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The declaration of the global pandemic due to the presence of the so-called COVID-19 has generated a series of changes and impacts on the normal development of the different territorial spaces, among them the Tacna region. Since the first case appeared in Peru (on March 6, 2020), a series of steps have been taken to mitigate the level of infection in the country, including compulsory confinement and border closures. The warning and, at certain times, the collapse of the health system had an impact on morbidity and mortality in the region, but there were also other effects directly related to the economy and production. These are evaluated in national terms, but not in terms of a review of specific regional behaviors. The analysis identifies that the collection of internal taxes for the period from January to August 2020 has been reduced by 22.98% (but 24.21 % in real terms), which, based on the analysis, would imply a contraction in the GDPfor the same year in the order of 22.44 % and an increase in the unemployment rate of 32.06 %.

The aim of this research was to highlight the importance of Reverse Logistics management as a mechanism to take advantage of disposable resources to give them an opportunity of economic value. The research was based on the existence of an increasing in the benefit of Reverse Logistics in the relationship between the company and the environment. Environmental, cultural and social trends, and the scarcity of natural resources require Graphics Industry companies to optimize through Reverse Logistics, as a support not only in their operational performance, but even more, the degree of reasonable competitiveness in their resources and capabilities. The methodology used consisted of the documentary review in relation to the Reverse Logistics issue that exists in the literature, in the period between 1990 and 2017. As a result, it could be highlighted that the organization's strategy should focus on the main competitiveness it has and that it could maximize the value of the organization. In conclusion, it was possible to emphasize the economic advantages that are widely considerable for companies and their implications on the issue of environmentally sustainable economic activities.

This research aimed to determine the incidence of private investments in the construction sector as the capital investment, the construction licenses processed and skilled labor in Moquegua's Gross Domestic Product from 2013 to 2017. The method used this research is basic and explanatory non experimental with a retrospective study design applying document analysis and using available information from public institutions, whose results were statistically analyzed through linear regression. It is concluded that private investment in the construction sector has directly incidence in Moquegua's Gross Domestic Product from 2013 to 2017, with a growing, positive, and constant tendency.

The objective of the research is to highlight the importance of benchmark interest rate in the interbank market as a fundamental variable, which has an incidence in the level of investments in an economy; consequently, it would have a positive impact on the level of employment. The method used for the present investigation is the documentary review of the panel of the benchmark interest rates shown by several central banks in the world. As a result of this investigation, it is obtained that the monetary authorities, in several countries, manage the benchmark interest rate in times of crisis to encourage the dynamics of economic activity, especially the investment that companies could make in these circumstances. It is concluded that the benchmark rate or the benchmark interest rate is the main monetary policy instrument that most central reserve banks have. If the benchmark rate decreases, this would make the bank ABC lend money to the bank XYZ at a lower cost and as a the lowest rate will be an incentive for banks to lend to each other; and this "cheaper" money is placed via bank loans boosting entrepreneurship, business, and the economy.

Several reconstruction procedures after tubular resections of the trachea at cervical level are reviewed. Experimental reconstruction by anastomosis of tlie remaining ends, with intercartilaginous sutures in short and long resections and the reconstruction by grafts (hono or self) in short tubular resections are evaluated. After short resections the results withanastomosis are good, and bad after long resections. The value of the suture tension, mobilization of the remaining ends and the points used are evaluated. Considerations about the causes of the constant bad results with grafts are made.

A case of superficial subcapsular hematoma of the liver in an 8 year oldchild, of traumatic causation, is reported upon. The tumor mass and the acute anemia set in progressively after the accident. A survert is carried out of similar cases reported in Uruguay and of the different varietes of sub-capsular injury of the liver, its degree of severity and the best approachto the problem.

The interest of this case lies in the infrequency with which the general surgeon must resolve this situation in the emergency...

Editorial

Pain caused by malignancies diseases remains  a concern and issue study and research by doctors, and is a cause of suffering for many patients ...

The valus of mediastinos<!opy is discussed in conjunction with the first two cases reported in Uruguay.