Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this article it is stated that the possession of nuclear weapons in authoritarian regimes can become a guarantee for the political survival of the leaders and their elite. Based on process-tracing analysis of four representative case studies (North Korea, Iraq, Iran, and Libya), this article argues that nuclear programs shape devices in which regime change is understood as a threat to the security. These have been successful when authoritarian regimes have turned their resources into nuclear weapons or when they have accumulated capabilities that create a perception of risk against actors seeking democratization.

The concept of enodiplomacy and its eventual contribution and application in International Studies is investigated. The term is part of a larger process, as part of gastrodiplomacy, which has already received theoretical recognition. It also falls within soft power strategies, in the sense of the use of wine and wine culture as a means to project the prestige and image of a producing country. It also detects a pattern in the sense of the centrality that some wine-producing countries have given to wine in their foreign economic policy strategies.

In Chile, inequality has been a long-time problem, which can be seen in its inhabitants’ everyday life in diverse areas. This has resulted in an increasing of social discontent, which can be reflected in the great number of social movements that triggered the so-called “Social Outbreak” in 2019. This demonstrated, among other things, the urgency of addressing the problem of inequalities in Chile. Economic inequality is multidimensional, since it comprises ex-ante and ex-post dimensions. In this sense, the reduction of economic inequalities has to answer to these both dimensions, if these are to be effectively diminished. In 2015, Chile adopted the 2030 Agenda, in order to guide the diverse countries on the implementation of sustainable development. Within this agenda, there is the Sustainable Development Goal 10 about “Reducing inequalities within and among countries”, which is comprised of ten targets. Thus, for this article the public actions, presented by the National Council for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, were analyzed in order to determine if the Chilean strategy, pursued between 2015 and 2018, considers the multidimensional concept of economic inequalities, or not.

Electoral competition has always generated different works about the configuration of political representation or the atti­tudes of the citizenship concerning to the electoral context from different views. However, the focus on political programs has not been a key issue for studies of electoral competition. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to empiri­cally identify a programmatic differentiation between the main competitors in the presidential elections in Argentina (2019), Brazil (2018) and Chile (2017), in the following indicators: ideological, socio-economic and socio-cultural political conflict. Furthermore, we show that this differentiation was determinant over the electoral results in the three elections studied.

The aims of this paper is to analyze the impact of the negotiations for hydrocarbons and the presence of transnational corporations on the Malvinas issue in the framework of Anglo-Argentine relations for the sovereignty of the islands. At the same time, it seeks to describe the repercussions for Argentina in the period 1995-2015. During this stage the sovereignty issue is not discussed, but there were negotiations for hydrocarbons housed in the marine basins of the continental shelf of the islands. These negotiations ended up generating rift between the parties and the arrival of transnational corporations in the area further complicated the situation of the still unresolved dispute.

Following the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the de-Baathification process, the Shia sectors of Iraqi society managed to consolidate their power. That enabled the beginning of the Iranian coloni­zation of Iraq, which is being strengthened in phases. This arti­cle offers an adaptation of Mearsheimer's contributions of war, blackmail, bait and bleed and, especially, bloodletting as one of the keys to Iran's multifaceted approach to its claimed regional hegemony. This is complemented by a study of the economic aspect of the situation, both the economic sanctions and the devaluation of the Iraqi currency, and the consequences this may have for the US in the region.

Some epistemic communities succeed in influencing policy and others do not. This article examines the factors that condition or enable this influence, focusing on the area of foreign policy. To do so, it examines through process tracing Chile's decision to become a full member of the Pacific Alliance, explaining why in this case the foreign policy epistemic community had a limited influence.

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the populist radical right and support for democracy examining the case of VOX in Spain. The case of VOX is particularly puzzling since it does fit in the definition of PRRPs but in its discourse, radicalism is much stronger than populism. Moreover, the party presents idiosyncratic features that affect the determinants of its vote. Nationalism is often expressed through allusion to the pre-democratic period in Spain without explicitly adhering to Francoism. The main results of this study are two. First, evaluating VOX discourse, especially its electoral manifesto, we found that its leaders recurrently allude to pre-democratic Spain both in terms of issues and symbols. Second, we show that those who display less support for the democratic regime are more likely to vote for VOX instead of other political forces in the last election. We also found that authoritarian values, political discontent and the romantic idea of a glorious past, interact with regime support and help explain the vote for VOX. Even if a comparative study is necessary to further assess this relationship, this article can give a first clue that building on their country's authoritarian past, some PRRPs are more successful in mobilizing those who are less committed to democracy.

In this article, the impact of the democracy of the concurrent parties in a free trade agreement was evaluated with the depth of the commitments acquired within the framework of the respective treaties. This argument was reviewed through the evaluation of variables that accounted for arguments based on liberal traditions of international relations, specifically democracy, applied to the links reached in free trade agreements. Although the results would confirm these perspective arguments, the greater relevance to account for a greater deepening of commercial links corresponds to contextual factors, such as the 1990s and 2000s. In carrying out this research, updated information on 692 free trade agreements signed between 1948 and 2020, using linear regressions with multilevel structure adjustment.

The Paleogene Liushagang Formation is part of the Fushan Sag, a continental lacustrine basin located at theSoutheastern margin of the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Further understanding of the deep-water gravityflow deposits in this formation will be conducive to lithologic reservoir exploration in the sag. In this study,three members of the Liushagang Formation, SQEls3 SQEls2 and SQEls1, from old to young, are used withcore observation, well log data, and three-dimensional seismic data to identify four deep-lacustrine gravity flowlithofacies including their vertical and lateral relationships within the depositional system. The results are thenused to establish a deep-water gravity flow depositional model. Four types of gravity flow lithofacies developed inthe sag: sandy debrite, turbidite, sandy slump, and bottom-current deposits. Sand-rich sub-lacustrine fan depositswith typical turbidite channels were developed mainly in the western depression, whereas distal isolated lobesformed by sandy debrite flow deposits occurred mainly in the eastern depression. The results obtained in this studywill be helpful in the research of gravity flows in similar continental lacustrine environments.