Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In Cuba, Higher Education leads transformations to consolidate the initial training of a broad profile professional with emphasis on undergraduate, job training and postgraduate, with the implementation of the new training plan «E». The University of Pinar del Río, from the results of scientific research, makes a dialectic improvement of the current conceptions of the teaching-learning process of the History of Cuba towards a critical approach; for this the objective is needed: to base the critical approach of the teaching-learning process of the History of Cuba, for the students of the career Degree in Primary Education. The investigative process was guided by the Materialist Dialectical method, which supports the variety of theoretical methods: historical-logical, hypothetical-deductive, systemic, modeling and the empirical: observation, survey, interview, methodological triangulation and the pre-experiment, which allowed the explanation of the object of study as a process and the determination of its components, its relationships and contradictions. As a scientific result, the theory is provided that the critical approach resizes the teaching-learning process of the History of Cuba, with a systemic, pertinent and relevant character, starting from the dynamic structure of the didactic components of the process, which energize the formative process, which allows the teacher to consolidate his leadership with the use of the critical method, to propitiate in the subjects a leading role in reflective and critical learning of historical content and the solution of professional problems.

The inclusion of children with special educational needs in the schools of general teaching, it is a great challenge for the professionals of the education, in specific, those of the Physical Education; because for diverse reasons they have had insufficient methodological tools to carry out this process from the class of physical education in the primary teaching. The study that is presented has as objective to establish methodological actions to contribute to the process of Inclusive Physical Education in the primary schools of the Pinar del Río city. The use of theoretical methods as analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and empiric methods as the survey, the observation and the work with documents, allowed to verify the limitations in the inclusion degree of children with special educational needs, due to the poor characterization of the same ones and the establishment of didactic resources that facilitate their active participation, starting from adapting the instruction to the individual differences, the personal aptitudes and to the degree of personal autonomy. They were elaborated methodological actions that group for the type of special educational needs, then offering to the professor different indications in those that are kept either in mind pedagogic supports in the material, in the use of the space, in the motive tasks, in the explanation and demonstration of the physical-sport activity. It concludes exposing the importance of adjusting each one from the activities to the characteristics and each scholar's potentialities and the group in general, recommending their application to verify their effectiveness.

Evaluation is a very important category in the Pedagogical Process of Vocational Training because it allows to control and evaluate the results obtained. That is to say, to determine the degree of fulfillment of the educational objectives and to analyze the why of the same ones. This concept, in the everyday language of educational institutions, involves knowledge, skills and attitudes. In this sense, the main objective of the research was to characterize the evaluation process during work practices in the conditions of the Professional Technical Education (ETP) shared polytechnic school - work entity, given the insufficiencies existing at present with the inadequate application of the evaluation system by the teachers of the polytechnic school in conjunction with the specialists of the work entities. The explanatory character was assumed and a dialectical approach was adopted, consequently methods such as: document analysis, observation, interview and survey were used. As a result, it was possible to design a methodology for the evaluation in the conditions of the polytechnic school - labor entity.

The labor practice, in the Technical and Professional Education, constitutes one of the new modalities of the practical teaching that bigger level of confusion generates in managers, teachers and specialists of the labor entities. Located in the area of specific professional training, those responsible for its execution, generally confuse it with the already traditional pre-professional practices. However, it has different purposes. The main objective of this article is to analyze the historical evolution of the practical working concept, given the current inaccuracies that contribute to its inadequate conception in pedagogical practice. An interpretative approach was assumed and, consequently, methods such as: document analysis, interview, testimony and key informants were used. As a result, an analysis of the historical evolution of the practical work concept was made.

Aim: To compare in vitro by the stereomiscroscope the lesser apical microfiltration in uniradicular premolars,between the cement based on Epoxy Resin and Bioceramic cement. Method: The study was performed on 40uniradicular dental pieces divided into two groups, the samples were prepared using the protaper systemand the obturation was performed using the lateral condensation technique, the first group was sealed withEndosequence bioceramic cement and the second group with Cement based on AH-Plus epoxy resin, then sealedwith nail varnish up to 3mm from the apical part, then the samples were placed in the incubator at 37ºC,waiting for the set time corresponding to each group according to the manufacturer’s instructions . The twogroups of the present study were submitted to 750 cycles of thermocycling, to provide an environment similar tothe oral cavity, then longitudinal cuts were made to the samples. The microfiltration was evaluated using the dyediffusion method, immersed in 2% methylene blue for 6 days, then the specimens were subjected to a vacuumpump. The teeth were cut longitudinally to be evaluated by the stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis wasthrough T-Student and Chi-Square. Results: Group A corresponds to Endosequence obtained a mean of 0,55mmand Group B corresponds to AH-Plus 1,20mm with an estimated significance of p = 0,013. Conclusion: Bothobturation cements have significant differences, therefore Endosequence has less apical microfiltration than AHPlus.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors, in children from 10 to 12 years old from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura, Ecuador. Methodology: 302 school children from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura who complied inclusion criteria, with the prior consent of their parents and / or representatives were evaluated in terms of their diet and oral hygiene habits, accompanied by a photographic record of the final anterior teeth of each participant, the photographs obtained were analyzed by three calibrated evaluators in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 81.4%, grade 2 was the most frequent with 32.6%. When relating the variables established in the survey and the presence of fluorosis, a relationship was found between the pathology and the consumption of bottled beverages, with the amount of toothpaste used and with accidental intake (p = 0.000). Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of fluorosis in the study population is considered high; grade 2 according to TF was the most frequent, finding a relationship with the consumption of bottled beverages, the amount of toothpaste used and with accidental intake.

Aim: To describe the oral mucositis (OM)` incidence and score, and related morbidities in individuals submitted to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) throughout the immunosuppression period of time Methods: Subjects with onco / hematological diseases, older than 14 years, submitted to allogeneic HSCT were daily evaluated by the presence and classification of OM, pain level, dysphagia, dysgeusia and xerostomia. The examination started two days before the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells and ended twenty days later. The OM was classified according to the WHO scale and visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain level Results: Twenty-three individuals were recruted, 83% with malignant diseases and 91% had OM. The median of maximum OM degree was 3 and the maximum pain level was 9. There was a median of 11 days of opioid medication use. The subjects who had the highest mean number of days with mouth pain reached the maximum degree of OM and higher number of days and opiod use. Conclusion: There was a high incidence and high scores of OM, loss of body mass and pain in this sample.

The purpose of the study was to compare in vitro the adhesive strength of the Etch and Rinse systems of the 4th and 5th generation; and Self Etch systems of the 6th and 7th generation. A descriptive, comparative study was carried out. Twenty third molars were used for this study, (these molars were extracted for orthodontic and prophylactic purposes). Each teeth were cut into two pieces obtaining 40 pieces in total, then they were chosen randomly of which 10 pieces were cut with the 4th generation adhesive strength, 10 with the 5th generation, 10 with the 6th generation and 10th with the 7th generation of the adhesive. A vertical traction test was performed, measured in kilograms force, and then transformed into megapascals (Mpa). The 4th generation resins obtained an adhesive resistance of 29.9 Mpa, the 5th generation resins obtained a resistance of 16.9 Mpa, the 6th generation obtained a resistance of 27.5 Mpa and the 7th generation obtained a resistance of 11.0 Mpa. The results were subjected to normality tests using the Shapiro Wilk test. These results were analyzed using the oneway ANOVA, finding statistically significant differences between the four study groups with a p-value of 0.001. As a conclusion; the 4th generation adhesive system classified as Etch and Rinse showed better adhesive strength, followed by the 6th generation adhesive system classified as Self Etch.

The primary goal in the therapy of guided bone regeneration is to restore the components of the periodontium.The rationale of this therapy is to give preference to specific cell types to repopulate the wounded area to forma new insertion apparatus. Clinically this is achieved by placing a physical barrier on the periodontal defect,leaving the gingival tissues aside in the early stages of repair. This work analyzes the scientific evidence that existsabout the results achieved by the ROG, the factors that influence the type of materials used, their indications,their components, their contraindications, the evaluation mechanisms, as well as the properties of differentbarriers used since a biomaterial point of view.