Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Clinical Linguistics is a new field of application of Linguistics. Language and its disorders have been studied from many disciplinary areas. Clinical Linguistics should not be unconnected to contributions from other fields. That is the reason why we should link the linguistics knowlwdge with the fields of Neurology, Psichology and Speeech Therapy.   In this paper, we carry out a synthesis that offers the state of the question of the approach to Language and its disorders as a transversal phenomenon —neurological, psychological and linguistic—. We present the neurological, psychological and linguistic theoretical foundations of the interdisciplinarity.

This research analyzes the practice of rrazional ortography proposed by the Chilean neographers, a group of radical intellectuals who resumed the linguistic discussion in the last years of the Chilean spelling reform, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to establish a broad ideological project that did not worry about the linguistic aspect alone. From the use of this unofficial spelling, considered as a glotopolitical act by itself, it was observed that the neographers also spread strongly libertarian and positivist topics that characterized them as a Chilean anarchist group, but one that was different from other Chilean anarchist manifestations of the time, because they made the revolution from the ortographic field, proposing a linguistic, political and social counterhegemonic project with representations we can classify today within studies of ethnortographic approach.

Introduction: Rhipicephalus microplus ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that economically impact lifestock industry worldwide. Acaricides have been an effective control strategy, but generate resistance to chemical compounds and environmental pollution. An alternative to counteract the chemical adverse effects is the vaccination usage, which is effective, environmentally friendly and unexpensive. However, still anti-tick vaccines present variable efficacy due to possible differences in aminoacid sequences within tick antigens from geografically distinct isolates. The aim of this work was to analyze the variability of two vaccine antigens: BmVDAC (Voltage Dependent Anion Channel) and Subolesin from R. microplus isolates from different states of Mexico.Methods: Two proteins were selected based on its efficacy as protective antigens: BmVDAC and Subolesin. R. microplus ticks was collected from different states of Mexico. Isolation of both DNA and RNA was performed to amplify bmvdac and subolesin respectively. Predicted amino acid sequences were obtained. A BLAST analysis was carried out to confirm the identity within sequences and determine similarity by an alignment using Clustal Omega. Finally, to determine the phylogenetic relationship of each isolate an analysis by MEGAX64 software was performed.Results: For BmVDAC, an average percentage of 99.79% identity and similarity was observed within the different aminoacid sequences. In the isolates from Chiapas, Nayarit, Media Joya, Queretaro, Tamaulipas and Guerrero a similarity and identity percentage of 99.87% was observed. Jalisco, Tabasco and Sinaloa a similarity and identity percentage of 99.56% was presented. On average, a variability percentage of 0.21% was observed.The Subolesin alignment with isolates from Yucatan, Nayarit, Queretaro, Chiapas, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, and the reference Munoz strain, an identity average percentage of 99.87% and similarity percentage of 100% was observed in the aminoacid sequences. Seven from eight sequences presented identity percentage of 99.91% whereas for Nayarit the percentage was 99.39%. The average variability was 0.13%. Phylogenetic analysis did not show significant differences between sequences using the UPGMA method. Average percentage obtained by 10000 replicas by Bootstrap method for bmvdac and subolesin was up to 50%.Discussion and conclusion. This report represents the first research on the characterization of the variability for BmVDAC and Subolesin, two vaccine antigens against R. microplus isolates from different states of Mexico. Considering the low variability presented by the different R. microplus isolates sequences, we can conclude that BmVDAC and Subolesin are antigens that are conserved and can be considered as vaccine candidates. This information is relevant for antigen selection and vaccine design against R. microplus in Mexico.

Introduction: The competence among several consumer product companies which look for cost reduction, had triggered the adoption of cloud on demand computing services. However, recent studies show that adopting computing services do not ensure a cost reduction, and even more, an increase of costs in IT areas is being observed. This investigation has the hypothesis that to attain the cost reduction objectives when computing services are migrated to the cloud, is needed to develop IT Management Capabilities, where these capabilities are not identified with the specific purpose of cost reduction in the current models or frameworks and these capabilities do not exist or are partially implemented in the consumer product companies. Therefore, the objective of this study is “identify those management capabilities of the computing services that support cost reduction and are described in a holistic model designed to this end” and implement it in the consumer product Industry applying a “Use case” study.Method: The first step was to design a diagnostic tool of IT Service Management Capabilities, where the main inputs came from standards, guidelines and best practices of IT Service Management Framework, identified in the readings. Second step was to confirm the selected capabilities by the application of surveys to subject matter experts of cloud technology. Then, the method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to validate the relation between “capabilities and cost reduction”. Finally, the Capability Maturity Model Institute (CMMI) model was used to define the maturity level required by each capability.Results: The main result was the identification of twelve key capabilities of computing service management in the cloud, which need a “Managed” maturity level according to CMMI to attain cost reduction. With this result a Holistic Management Model was developed, including a diagnosis tool for identifying actual and future capabilities level. A cost reduction in operating costs was obtained of 6.2% in 6 months. Also, a cost reduction in personnel was obtained, who were moved to another productive activities.Discussion or Conclusion: This model can help the consumer products companies to identify its readiness and the capabilities they possess to manage computing services in the cloud. This model allows to provide recommendations for closing the gaps identified, that impacts positively the cost reduction.

In Sliding Modes control literature, a popular paradigm says that the so called “chattering-effect” (undesirable mechanical vibrations on the plant under control) can be reduced or even removed at all without affecting the control robustness. Nevertheless, results of practical implementations support that this is not necessarily true. In this work, the actual behaviour of a class of high order Sliding Modes used as the control law for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output system is presented, where the real performance of system robustness is studied when the chattering-effect change in magnitude. In this study, to achieve the chattering reduction, the Super-Twisting algorithm is used, and the plant to control is a 3-DoF robot arm. The results of this work show that when techniques to reduce the chattering-effect are utilized, the corresponding reduction in system robustness should also be taken into account, and that achievements of theoretical concepts must be bounded when they are implemented in practical applications.

L-DOPA is one of the secondary metabolites present in legumes, such as Mucuna pruriens and Vicia faba L., its content can be affected by the method of drying, variety and stage of development of the plant. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of drying method by stove and lyophilization on the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), L-DOPA and antioxidant activity in seedling and flower of two varieties of broad bean. Two varieties of broad bean, Diamante and Zac-22, were used as plant material, which were sown under field conditions. Seedlings were obtained at 10, 15 and 20 days after the emergence (DAE), and flowers during the flowering period. The tissues were subjected to two drying methods, by forced air oven at 38 °C and by lyophilization (-80 °C). The content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and L-DOPA was analyzed by HPLC. The antioxidant activity was determined against the DPPH radical (IC50). The results showed that the drying method affected the concentration of TPC, L-DOPA and antioxidant activity. The highest concentrations of TPC (110.12 mg∙g-1 DM) and L-DOPA (61.08 mg∙g-1 DM) were detected in the samples processed by oven drying. Flowers had the highest content of TPC (142.19 mg∙g-1 DM) and L-DOPA (82.02 mg∙g-1 DM) compared to seedlings. While in the seedlings at 10 DAE had on average the highest concentration of TPC (110.12 mg∙g-1 DM) and L-DOPA (61.08 mg∙g-1 DM). The antioxidant activity was particularly affected by the drying method in the seedlings, but in the flowers, they did not show variation. The drying by stove favored the preservation of the antioxidant activity of the seedlings (IC50, 119.93 μg∙mL-1), with respect to the drying method by lyophilization (IC50, 144.29 μg∙mL-1).

The most common process that Mexican artisanal cheese industry applies to whey to add value, is the production of requesón (whey cheese). However, the technological profile of the whey depends on its physicochemical characteristics. The objective of the present study was to characterize the primary (LPQC) and secondary (LSQC) whey from the production of artisanal “coccid cheese” (asadero), and the properties of requesón cheese made from these types of whey. The LPQC had 6.6% of solids content similar (p≥0.05) to sweet whey from fresh cheese manufacture (LQF, control), although a lower pH (5.3 vs 6.5) and protein content (0.4 vs 0.7 %). On the contrary, the LSQC had a high content of solids, protein and fat (9.4, 1 and 4.2 %, respectively), characteristic that was reflected in a higher content of solids and fat in requesón made from this whey, in comparison with the composition of requesón made with LPQC and LFC. Firmness (N), adhesiveness (- N) and cohesiveness parameters of requesón samples were in a range of 0.050-0.18 (N), 0.07-0.26 (-N) and 0.40-0.84, respectively, obtaining lower values of hardness and adhesiveness in requesón from LPQC, and a greater cohesiveness in requesón from LSQC (p<0.05). In conclusion, the physicochemical characteristics of whey from cheesemaking determined the chemical composition as well color and textural properties of requesón (whey cheese).

Introduction: Economic theories imply that the basis of a country's economic development lies in innovation while being achievable in the use and application of knowledge in economic activities. Therefore, this research examines the process of knowledge generation through the absorption capacity and its effect on the innovation of companies in the industrial sector in the northern border of Mexico.Method: The methodological design consisted of a quantitative investigation using a questionnaire applied to the managers and supervisors of 128 industrial companies of the northern border of Tamaulipas, Mexico. The technique for the processing of the data was the structural model equation (SME) through the covariances that allow exanimate a simultaneous multiple dependency relations, the above is processed through the statistical package AMOS version 21.Results: The evidence indicates that the absorption capacity is dimensioned by two elements which is the potential absorption capacity and the absorption capacity carried out. The same way the results allowed us to observe the innovation in the processes. The foregoing was admitted through the convergent and discriminating validity. Finally, the potential absorption capacity and activity could be seen in the structural model.Discussion or Conclusion: The previous results in the understanding of the learning dynamics of the organization are those that favor the development of processes in innovators. Highlighting the lack of knowledge assimilation in this type of companies, which can lead to a lack of innovations in the product.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem. Theoretical approaches that include factors of the individual, environmental factors and the synergy of these variables in the development of T2D are necessary, to achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon. The research question was: What individual and environmental factors explain the presence of diabetes in a representative sample of the adult population of Mexico?             Method: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were used. 13,186 observations were included corresponding to individuals over 50 years old living in Mexico. A linear hierarchical model with two levels (1. Individual, 2. Community) was performed.Results: Individuals who have a better perception of their health condition and do more exercise are less likely to have diabetes. Meanwhile, depression, sleep problems, having hypertension, and parents with diabetes are positively related to the likelihood of having diabetes. Individuals who live on large-sized localities are more likely to have diabetes than people who live in small communities. The effect of community size is greater as individuals have a better perception of their health condition and the effect of depression levels on the likelihood of having diabetes increases as individuals live in large communities. The probabilities of risk and association of an exposure with an event such as diabetes are evaluated.Discussion or Conclusion: Diabetes can be explained from individual factors and the size of the community where people reside, which interact with specific individual factors, which improves the understanding of the development of diabetes.

Introduction: The literature related to technology transfer (TT), has placed greater emphasis on organizations once they have established a collaborative link with higher education institutions (HEIs); however, there is little knowledge to observe the inverse effect, that is, the TT within an HEI after this interaction. This work deals with the case of a research and development laboratory (R & D) integrated to a federal public university, which, in addition to generating basic science for internal projects, offers technological services to the national and international biopharmaceutical sector; whose income allows them to self-finance their operation, using marginally the federal budget. Under an organizational and institutional approach, this article aims to publicize the mechanisms of TT that come together in this laboratory, but also, expose the contribution of these to the strengthening of their accumulated knowledge.Method: This study was conducted from twenty-eight semi-structured interviews with personnel and external agents of the UDIBI, using differentiated questionnaires with open questions, and others, closed with Likert scales. Likewise, different collaboration agreements between this laboratory and other industry players were reviewed in order to observe the purpose of their interrelation. The processing of the information was done using the NVIVO software, which favored a more efficient analysis.Results: The institutional laboratory studied requires the gathering of latest generation knowledge to develop its critical operation based on the generation of basic science and the offer of technological services. It was found that multiple and varied TT mechanisms (organizational and institutional) converge within this polytechnic entity, whose products are translated into knowledge of diverse nature that complements and enhances the accumulated base of our own knowledge and is the basis for the exploitation of scientific products. , technological and services of high value for both academia and industry. Another finding identified was that not only do these mechanisms transfer technology in only one direction; rather, given the contribution that this laboratory makes to its source of knowledge, the flow becomes bidirectional.Discussion or Conclusion: The different mechanisms presented here are the product of the dynamics of the interaction that the laboratory studied with external and internal actors, where the assimilated knowledge of these, together with the own knowledge; but at the same time of a scientific-commercial vision on the part of its directive. All together, they form an important base of their current development, expansion, and even self-sustainability; representing, thus, one of the few cases of exception in Mexico, of similar scientific units integrated to public HEIs that aspire to transcend towards an enterprising approach of the universities.