Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Estructuralismo histórico, economía política y teorías de la comunicación: notas sobre la trayectoria del pensamiento crítico latinoamericanoEstruturalismo histórico, economia política e teorias da comunicação: notas sobre a trajetória do pensamento crítico latino-americanoThis paper identifies the first school of communication criticism and Latin American structuralism as theoretical bases of the political economy of communications (PEC) and Brazilian culture. In reference to the career of Luis Ramiro Beltrán, specifically his work La revolución verde y el desarrollo rural latinoamericano—in which he discusses the category of demonstration effect—, the theoretical limitations of this school are analyzed after identifying the structural nature of underdevelopment in Latin America. Thus, starting from the need to show the double contradiction of capital (capital/labor and economy/culture), the PEC raises the problem of the role of mass media at the level of social mediations, based on capital’s adoption of popular culture elements that—passing first through a moment of primitive knowledge accumulation—will later constitute the industrialized culture. Then, the cultural industry emerges as the mediation authority that characterizes monopoly capitalism, and this is where, supported by Celso Furtado’s theory of cultural dependence, the Brazilian PEC exceeds the constraint already recognized by Ingrid Sarti when she stated that the idea of mass culture conceals the existence of a class culture.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoHerrera-Jaramillo, M. y Bolaño, C. (2019). Estructuralismo histórico, economía política y teorías de la comunicación. Notas sobre la trayectoria del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Palabra Clave, 22(2), e2227. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.7Recibido: 22/02/2018Aceptado: 30/04/2018

El “chico malote” y la “chica responsable”: modelos aspiracionales y representaciones juveniles en las teen series españolasO "menino mau" e a "menina responsável": modelos aspiracionais e representações juvenis nas séries adolescentes espanholasThe purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the role models of teenagers featured in Spanish teen series and regarded as favorites by this target. For this, two studies are combined: One of audiences conducted with 787 students from Barcelona, and focused on the analysis of gender differences when choosing and appreciating teen characters, and one of qualitative content, centered on the examination of the characters selected as preferred by the teenagers surveyed on the first stage. Results show that the teenagers interviewed tended to choose and appreciate male and female characters of teen series based on gender: firstly, both boys and girls mostly chose male characters as their favorites; secondly, male characters were mainly chosen because they are “rebellious”, “fun” and “bad boys with good background,” while female characters were mainly chosen for being “good” and “brave and determined.” The qualitative analysis confirms that male characters are rebellious, bad boys with good background, whereas female characters are responsible, attractive girls. Thus, Spanish teen series build a female sphere, associated with responsibility and sensitivity, and a male one, rebellious and virile. While there are also exceptions —more complex, nuance-rich characters—, they are a minority. These results warn us about the need to represent more plural and complex characters that move away from classic stereotypes that end up perpetuating gender differences.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoMasanet, M-J. y Fedele, M. (2019). El “chico malote” y la “chica responsable”: modelos aspiracionales y representaciones juveniles en las teen series españolas. Palabra Clave, 22(2), e.2019.22.2.5. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.5Recibido: 04/02/2018Aceptado: 09/04/2018

El papel de la opinión publicada en la prensa escrita colombiana antes del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016O papel da opinião publicada na imprensa colombiana antes do plebiscito de 2 de outubro de 2016This article gathers the results of a descriptive research project conducted by researchers from the Media Observatory of the School of Communication at the Universidad de La Sabana. It discusses the role of opinions published in the Colombian press before the plebiscite of October 2, 2016 with which the Government of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón intended to endorse the peace agreements reached with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Using the content analysis method, 466 plebiscite-related opinions published by the main national and regional printed media in Colombia were analyzed. We noted, among other things, the primacy of emotional persuasive resources over rational ones, greater presence of episodic interpretation frameworks over thematic ones, and a strong political, social and cultural connotation within the arguments for or against approving the Havana peace accords. Persuasive strategies included the use of values, either their exaltation or threatened continuity, especially in central aspects of the Colombian political culture matrix such as the risk of changing the economic model, the hypothetical threat to the democratic system, or the destabilization of social and moral models such as the family structure.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoGómez-Giraldo, J. C. y Cárdenas-Ruiz, J. D. (2018). El papel de la opinión publicada en la prensa escrita colombiana antes del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2219. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.9

Las nuevas leyes de los nuevos medios y la reconfiguración del entornoAs novas leis das novas mídias e a reconfiguração do entornoThis article aims to reflectively and analytically explore the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and the re-shaping of the environment in the imaginary of media ecology. For this purpose, the method used is the theoretical review of concepts such as exaptation from evolutionary biology, passing through the development and evolution of media and technologies and highlighting the importance of the science-technology-society trinomial. ICTs facilitate the process of exaptation in contemporary societies, encouraging individuals to discover new possibilities for development and new forms of knowledge. Since the sixties, the importance of the study of media as instruments with unique characteristics has been underlined since they affect society for their design, form and structure. When a technology, medium or instrument successfully breaks into a society, it redefines it deeply. But the process of adaptation is not enough to explain the complexity of technological changes. Therefore, the concept of exaptation incorporated into the imaginary of media ecology helps to understand the evolutionary transformation of beings and technologies beyond their specific environments. The original contribution of this article lies in the incorporation of the concept of exaptation to the theoretical and conceptual imaginary of communicology, specifically media ecology. In this way, exaptation makes it possible to assess the relevance of Marshall and Eric McLuhan’s tetrad of media effects.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoGutiérrez-Cortés, F., Islas-Carmona, O. y Arribas-Urrutia, A. (2019). Las nuevas leyes de los nuevos medios y la reconfiguración del entorno. Palabra Clave, 22(2), e2229. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.9Recibido: 16/01/2018Aceptado: 09/04/2018

Un modelo de análisis de la recepción de series de ficción: el papel de las reacciones afectivas y las creenciasUm modelo de análise da recepção de séries de ficção: o papel das reações afetivas e crençasThe aim of this paper has been to inquire into what viewers’ beliefs are towards television shows and the affective reactions they elicit. The beliefs considered refer to aspects such as dialogs, plots, actors, characters, originality and variety, complexity, morality and quality. Regarding affective reactions towards TV series, they include cultural closeness, personal resonance, cognitive elaboration and general attitude. The method used consisted in the exhaustive analysis of ten television shows, five Spanish (Aída, Cuéntame, El internado, Águila Roja and Física o Química) and five North American (CSI, Friends, House, Desperate Housewives and Lost) using information from a telephone survey of 1,000 people. Results indicate that beliefs influence perceived quality. The most relevant aspects are dialogs, plots, actors and characters. In relation to affective reactions, the three elements considered (cultural closeness, personal resonance and cognitive elaboration) are hardly related to the general attitude towards or preference for the TV series. Conclusions show that perceived quality is determined by the combination of the various factors considered and that there is no single configuration that gives rise to a positive perception of quality. The article’s original contribution to the literature lies in the presentation and application of a theoretical model that allows to determine in detail the beliefs and attitudes of viewers towards fictional television shows.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoEtayo, C. (2019). Un modelo de análisis de la recepción de series de ficción: el papel de las reacciones afectivas y las creencias. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2214. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.4

La presencia del framing en los artículos publicados en revistas hispanoamericanas de comunicación indexadas en ScopusA presença do framing nos artigos publicados em revistas hispano-americanas de comunicação indexadas na ScopusThe importance of the framing theory in the dynamic field of communication is indisputable since it has been and is one of the most used in academic research. Given its relevance, it seems necessary to analyze in depth the presence and use that scholars make of it as a tool to understand media reality. To accomplish this objective, a content analysis was carried out on a sample of 104 articles published in the main Scopus journals in the field in the last decade, for the period between 2007 and 2016. In light of the results, Spanish American research on framing does not depart from international production guidelines: great empirical applicability, continuity in research subject matters, methodological conservatism and the paradigm’s acquisition of status.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoPiñeiro-Naval, V. y Mangana, R. (2019). La presencia del framing en los artículos publicados en revistas hispanoamericanas de comunicación indexadas en Scopus. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2216. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.6

Reguetón en Cuba: censura, ostentación y grietas en las políticas mediáticasReggaeton em Cuba: censura, ostentação e fissuras nas políticas midiáticasBuilding on the censorship of a videoclip in Cuban media systems, the controversies arising from the presence of reggaeton in Cuba are addressed in this paper. A musical genre that is strongly anchored in the Caribbean diasporas in the United States, reggaeton stages discussions on the construction of a notion of transnational, youthful and cosmopolitan Pan-Latinity, marked by consumption and ostentation, which seems to question the uniqueness of Cuba as a socialist nation in Latin America. The problem around the performance of the “successful man” who owns mansions and cars in a country whose economy is strongly mediated by the state emerges; conflicts with other Cuban musical genres are noted; and it is claimed that alternative unofficial forms of production and dissemination—which make global identity actions explicit—undermine national policies on “being Cuban.”Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoLuci, S. y Soares, T. (2019). Reguetón en Cuba: censura, ostentación y grietas en las políticas mediáticas. Palabra Clave 22(1), e2217. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.1.7

Alfabetismo transmedia: un análisis de la repercusión de las estrategias transmedia de The X-Files Transmedia literacy: uma análise do impacto das estratégias transmídiado Arquivo XBased on the theoretical framework that transmedia literacy encourages public participation and critical understanding of fictional universes, for example, when navigating different platforms, correlating to the transmedia strategies with the main media, the interacting agent performs an attentive or polysemic reading of the fictional universe; this paper aims to analyze a number of Twitter posts made by interacting audience members of The X-Files during the launch of transmedia actions regarding the show’s 10th season. In this context, the tweets will help us to reflect on the concept of transmedia literacy and how it stimulates the public’s multilateralism. The conclusion is that transmedia action encourages learning through collaboration and critical understanding.To reference this article / para citar este artículo / para citar este artigoSigiliano, D. & Borges, G. (2019). Transmedia Literacy: Analyzing the Impact of The X-Files Transmedia Strategies. Palabra Clave, 22(2), e2223. DOI:  10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.3Received: 02/02/2018Accepted: 31/05/2018

Journalistic Performance in Sports Coverage: A Comparative Study of Television, Radio, Press, and Online Media in ChileA performance jornalística na cobertura esportiva: um estudo comparado de televisão, rádio, imprensa impressa e meios on-line no ChileTraditionally, sports journalism has been questioned for lacking rigor, having poor critical thinking skills regarding sources, and ignoring social conflicts. This article seeks to establish whether there are differences in the characteristics of news coverage between sports and other sections of media, assessing aspects such as number of sources, diversity of viewpoints, and delivery of verifiable information. In addition, it is inquired if there are differences in the presence of professional roles (interventionist, watchdog, loyal facilitator, service journalism, infotainment and civic-oriented roles) between sports news and those from other sections. Using as a research method an analysis of news contents in Chilean press, online media, television and radio (n = 2.118) in 2015, this study compared the characteristics of news coverage in the sports section with news published in other areas. Results tend to confirm the most critical views on sports journalism and show that, compared to political news, the number of sources used, the diversity of viewpoints involved, and the amount of verifiable information received by the audience are small. As to the presence of professional roles, it is observed that, compared to other sections, sports news more frequently includes roles related to journalists’ opinions expressing a positive view of sources.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoScherman, A. y Mellado, C. (2019). La performance periodística en la cobertura deportiva: un estudio comparado de televisión, radio, prensa impresa y medios online en Chile. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.8Recibido: 14/03/2018Aceptado: 21/09/2018

Spanish 3D Cinema: 3D Stereoscopic Filmmaking Experiences During Franco’s RegimeCinema 3D espanhol: experiências do cinema estereoscópico 3D durante os anos do franquismoThis article studies the origins of Spanish 3D stereoscopic filmmaking in the 1950s and 1960s, in the middle of the Francoist regime. The speed with which three-dimensional short films were made suggests knowledge of foreign production technology and enormous flexibility and agility when creating 3D contents in Spain. The main objective of this research is to identify those Spanish films produced using stereoscopic techniques from the shooting itself or after their adaptation with post-production techniques for screening. The hypothesis is that the specific specimens of three-dimensional films supplied by Spanish cinema have responded to transient trends and have not meant commercially or artistically significant milestones, beyond experimentation with the possibilities of the format. However, they reflect Spanish cinema’s willingness to open to innovative technologies and to reach the audience. We applied a case study-based method from the bibliographic review of primary and secondary sources dedicated to film production and exhibition in Spain. Results show that the influence of American cinema in its most technological and commercial aspects is evident, even when the regime’s bodies operated aggressive protectionist policies against the import of American films. The conflictive relationship between Hollywood producers and Francoism did not prevent their box-office success nor their influence on the production modes of national cinema.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoPérez, J. P. y Jódar, J. A. (2019). Cine 3D español: experiencias del cine estereoscópico 3D durante los años del franquismo. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.2Recibido: 16/04/2018Aceptado: 24/10/2018