Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Where are we heading to?Para onde vamos?El imaginario colectivo ha catalogado al académico como un ser cuya vocación se encuentra enmarcada en la producción, transmisión y conservación del conocimiento; lo vislumbra con una vida consagrada a dictar clases, investigar y dar las bases para la aplicación de prácticas de los saberes; como quien ve a la universidad como un espacio de excelencia donde cohabitan las mentes más brillantes y donde se perfilan los avances científicos que moldearán el futuro de la sociedad; y quien considera que el desarrollo de la ciencia se sitúa por encima de todas las ideas de desarrollo. Pero ¿qué tan cierto es esto en la práctica?, ¿son las universidades latinoamericanas de hoy mecas del conocimiento?, ¿son la ciencia moderna y el avance tecnológico que esta trae la respuesta a todos nuestros problemas?

Documentary Photography in Times of Crisis: Pictorial History and Dramatic HumanismA fotografia documental em tempos de crise: história pictorial e humanismo dramáticoThis article analyzes the use of documentary photography in the photographic project of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) Historical Section carried out between 1935 and 1943. It was part of the propaganda program of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration during the New Deal and responded to the social and economic crisis caused by the Great Depression. The main objective is to delve into the discussion about a kind of aesthetic point of view that is crystallized in a dramatic humanism and supported by a pictorial historical archive structure. Contradictorily, throughout the 20th century, this became the parameter for the prevailing definition of documentary, despite its nationalist-populist political and ideological origin. Building on a relational analysis, documentary photography is studied as a category, social practice and knowledge device that conveys a specific vision and social representation within a complex arrangement of particular economic, political and cultural components. A qualitative documentary method is employed based on primary sources, including an aesthetic and discursive relational analysis of the program’s photographs. The article reveals —and this revelation is what makes it novel— the weave of definitions of documentary that had to be developed and brought together, combining factual, dramatic and artistic elements, around the idea of a pictorial history whose humanistic promise would restore the social ties of American unity.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoGoyeneche-Gómez, E. (2019). La fotografía documental en tiempos de crisis: historia pictorial y humanismo dramático. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.6Recibido: 15/03/2019Aceptado: 04/06/2019Publicado en línea: 18/09/2019Financiación: This article derives from the research project COM-70-2016 funded by the Universidad de La Sabana and the Center for American Studies (CEE, in Spanish), Colombia.

Pedro Sonderéguer’s Colombia from the Buenos Aires Vantage Point of La NaciónA Colômbia de Pedro Sonderéguer a partir da atalaia bonaerense de La NaciónPedro Sondéreguer (Villanueva, Bolívar, 1884–Buenos Aires, 1964) made his “Argentine dream” come true in the prestigious newspaper La Nación in the first half of the 20th century. From there he conceived an Americanist and Colombianist project that he failed to bring to life, but was noticeable in his journalistic work —forgotten both in his home and adoptive countries— and in multiple interviews he gave to the Colombian and foreign press. Why did Sonderéguer not return to Colombia when the Liberal Republic was established and his name was mentioned for high positions in Enrique Olaya Herrera’s administration, if he had all the credentials to practice politics and journalism? It is the question underpinning this article inspired by F. Dosse’s theory of the event with its enigmas and constant reinterpretations of the biography of an intellectual. After outlining the editorial line of La Nación, founded by Bartolomé Miter in 1870, the writer and journalist’s career is reconstructed from scarce biographical notes and testimonies of his peers and relatives. Finally, his political ideas are construed, specifically his statesman projects that sought to boost economic development in Colombia, and his actions are analyzed in the context of the time to attempt to answer the question posed. In reviving this author, a contribution is made not only to the history of Colombian and Argentine journalism, but also to Colombian political history at the dawn of the so-called Liberal Republic marked by the war with Peru and the outbreaks of partisan violence.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoVallejo, M. (2019). La Colombia de Pedro Sonderéguer desde la atalaya bonaerense de La Nación. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.5Recibido: 04/03/2019Aceptado: 26/07/2019Publicado en línea: 27/08/2019

Representations of Simón Bolívar on the Centenary of his Death in Cromos in 1930Representações de Simón Bolívar no centenário de sua morte na revista Cromos, em 1930This article explores some representations of Simón Bolívar, on the occasion of the centenary of his death, contained in a special issue that Cromos magazine dedicated to this commemoration on December 13, 1930. From the analysis of fifteen writings authored mostly by members of the Colombian Academy of History, the implications of heroizing Bolívar for the symbolic building of the nation and, more broadly, the American continent are discussed regarding time, space and population. Emphasizing the role that Spain and America play in the representation of the hero, it is noted how an ovation to Bolívar becomes an ode to Spain from the historical, cultural and racial point of view, while his Americanism stands out geographically and politically. It is shown that the praise for the Liberator’s epic abilities is accompanied by genealogical efforts to prove that he belonged to the European white race and to present the process of independence led by him as another phase of the civilizing mission that, since the Conquest, Spain had started in America. In short, the heroization of Bolívar entails disregard for the pre-Hispanic past and ignorance of the history prior to 1492, as well as a denigrating representation of his contemporaries. It is also concluded that, in line with the republicanism of the magazine, Cromos’s Bolívar is generally a republican Bolívar.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoCadelo, A. (2019). Representaciones de Simón Bolívar en el centenario de su muerte en la revista Cromos en 1930. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/ pacla.2019.22.4.3Recibido: 04/03/2019Aceptado: 16/07/2019Publicado en línea: 18/09/2019

Socio-technical approach to the understanding of the digital disruptionAbordagem técnico-social para a compreensão da ruptura digitalSociety and technology transform themselves mutually. This is a constant interaction that creates a series of hybrids. Advances in technology can not be understood without the comprehension of deep social, political, and economical changes that humanity confronts; but, also, it is not possible to explain societies without the changes produced by technology, once it is settled and spread in the communities. This editorial proposes a socio-technical approach to understand this interaction of technology and society from the academic research.Cómo citar esta editorial / How to cite this editorial / Para citar nesta editorialGarcía-Perdomo, V. (2019). Aproximación técnico-social al entendimiento de la disrupción digital. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.1

From Winston’s Red Book to the Black Mirror: Control Devices in the Surveillance SocietyDo livro vermelho de Winston a Black Mirror: dispositivos de controle na sociedade da vigilânciaThis article presents a theoretical reflection on surveillance as a guarantor of social order. It states that the new surveillance assembly that started with the launch of the Internet tends towards absolute control of life through direct and violent coercion, or entertainment and fun. It deals with three significant surveillance devices, namely, panoptic as a meeting point between the disciplinary society we no longer are and the surveillance society we are becoming; synoptic or the monitoring and surveillance of private, intimate and emotional life; and predictive analytics or the preference for finding correlations among millions of available everyday data that intends, if not to explain the cause of phenomena, to look for new forms of coercion. The reasons why the operation of these devices makes contemporary society a surveillance society are also explored. In  expounding the characteristics of each of these devices, the article aims to reveal the role of surveillance in regulating social life. Finally, it reflects on the loss of freedom that brings about the trust and security gained as a result of voluntary or sometimes thoughtless submission to new, subtle and apparently innocent modes of control such as joining social media, subscribing to electronic services, or using any of the most popular search engines.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoArango, M. R. (2020). Del libro rojo de Winston al Black Mirror: dispositivos de control en la sociedad de la vigilancia. Palabra Clave, 23(1), e2313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2020.23.1.3Recibido: 29/01/2019Aceptado: 26/03/2019Publicado: 13/12/2019

Historia de la comunicación (y el periodismo): postulados teóricos y metodológicosHistory of Communication (and Journalism): Theoretical and Methodological PostulatesThis article reflects on historiographic research into communication from an epistemological standpoint and notes the importance of changing perspective when dealing with documents produced by the media. Therefore, the context —i.e., the historicity of communication processes— becomes a text to be analyzed. To this end, a critical inventory of research that relates communication with history in Brazil is compiled to show the transformations it has undergone in the last decades. Some theoretical and methodological assumptions are introduced for research that brings the historical matter into focus. To close, a methodological path is proposed to produce research that takes as postulates the documentary specificity to be discussed and the reading to be done of communication documents for historical synthesis and interpretation purposes. The paper is based on the core idea that methodological postulates should follow three levels of analysis (historiographic propositions, historical propositions, and methodological practices) and briefly presents methodological contexts that may be adopted by studies that suggest the communication-history relationship.Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigoBarbosa, M. C. (2019). História da comunicação (e do jornalismo): pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla. 2019.22.4.2Recibido: 31/01/2019Aceptado: 09/08/2019Publicado en línea: 27/08/2019

The full expansion and consolidation of History of Communication as a field started at the onset of the 21st century. The fruitful relationship between history and communication provides a series of insights that problematize the reading of socio-political and cultural changes beyond the specific history of media. Latin America plays a role in this transition with its contribution from the point of view of communication culture. Some advances in the relationship map are presented through examples and different entries in this dossier.Para citar este editorial / to reference this editorial / para citar este editorialGutiérrez, E. y Cramer, G. (2019). Conversaciones con Clio: un campo, muchas historias. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/ pacla.2019.22.4.1Publicado en línea: 18/09/2019

Reconexión de dos mundos en pro de los valores democráticosReconexão de dois mundos em favor dos valores democráticosLa democracia como sistema político está inevitablemente anclada al principio de la deliberación pública, es decir, el valor de la comunicación para la discusión, definición y gestión del consenso y el disenso en el espacio público. Históricamente, los regímenes democráticos se fueron cimentando sobre bases y principios axiológicos que privilegiaban la razón sobre la tradición, la igualdad sobre la exclusión y la libertad sobre la opresión...DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.1

GhostsEspectrosThis editorial reflects on how collective memory is passed on more and more frequently by and from the media, which are continuously delivering symbolic forms of the past. Events are often constructed in an immediate and serial manner, following the production logic of a factory. Paradoxically, this usually happens in the least studied media. The consequence of this mass production of an event is an ongoing, sealed and “autistic” present that, as Jacques Derrida would say, creates specters, which —when facts refer to an armed conflict— are not assembled in a consistent memory that makes it possible to understand the reasons for war.Para citar este editoral / to reference this editorial / para citar este editorialPenagos-Carreño, J. (2020). Espectros. Palabra Clave, 23(1), e2311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.23.1.1