Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Since the middle of the last century, concern about the protection of environment has been increasing. Currently in our legal system, we have several ways to compensate for damage caused to the environment, depending on the type of damage, goods affected and defendant in question. The focus of the work is on reconciling divergent positions to understand how these three ways complement each other, what the caracteristics are that define them, and when they will be more appropriate, understanding that for the system to be truly effective, it ultimately has to make prevention the main objective, because restitution of environmental goods is difficult.

The object of the article consists in presenting different indicators of efficacy measure of marine protected areas (MPAs). The methodology used was based in the analysis of scientific publications that studied the topic from diverse perspectives. The hypothesis that states that MPAs efficacy may be measured from different perspectives, not only biological and ecological, but also social and legal was confirmed. Firstly, social and legal measures based on indicators elaborated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are shown. Afterwards, conclusions regarding the efficacy of MPAs to prevent pollution by ships and marine installations are shared. Finally, ecological indicators elaborated who analyzed 27 case studies are referred.

Electrical energy taxation in Spain is characterised by a high normative and instrumental dispersion caused by the game of powers in a state with autonomous communities, and also by widespread lack of coherence of these kind of instruments and their environmental objectives. The electricity tariff deficit that the Spanish electrical system carries since decades ago explains the collecting objective of the majority of these taxes. This article looks over the configuration of the main taxes on electricity at the two principle levels of competency in this country: state and autonomous communities. The article ends with a future perspective based on a posible Energy Union and a necessary green tax shift in Spain.

The main research objective of this work is the detection and evaluation of the social and environmental impact of the tourism industry on the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve. Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, well known due to its great biodiversity, is one of the largest and most important areas in the world. In fact, one hectare contains more species of trees and shrubs than all of North America taken together. Tourism, if managed properly, it is one of the main promoters of environmental conservation and economic development of local communities. Yet if it is not treated from a sustainable and environmentally friendly perspective, tourism can lead to important negative consequences for such communities. The conclusions drawn from this piece or research show evidence on the existence of important changes in the indigenous communities that inhabitant the Yasuní National Park and the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve. These changes are the result not only of tourism but also of oil extraction.

The following study pretends to promote the Eje Cafetero, a Colombian natural resource. It contains general information about the country, and more specifically about the main departments that compose the Eje Cafetero, it means: Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío. It is analyzed the physical and human environment of the study territory, the environment and the conditions in which it is located to get some conclusions about tourism situation and the coffee industry. This document also provides historical, cultural and especially tourist information about the area, the protection figures used for the conservation of these natural resources and the proposals made in the future and the profitability and sustainability of tourism in the region. It talks about the coffee industry that is related to tourism in the coffee area, making known the difficulties of each sector and the strategies of an action that are being carried out to maintain an increasingly less profitable industry and to value a resource that increasingly attracts more tourists and it can be more profitable in this sector. Finally, we also talk about the importance of coffee as a product and the relevance it has in the history and culture that has been generated around this product.

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