Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Acute diverticulitis is defined as an active inflammation of the colon´s diverticulum and may involve a perforation or a microperforation. This pathology can be isolated or recurrent, uncomplicated or complicated. Acute diverticulitis may present itself as a mild intermittent pain or as a severe, constant and chronic abdominal pain usually in the left lower quadrant. This review of the subject about diverticulitis allows a guide for all of the medical community based on the most recent evidence to diagnose and thus be able to manage this pathology.

There is evidence of the benefits of early stimulation on the development of abilities and abilities of children in biological or social risk condition, it is also known about the negative impact to the lack of stimulation on development. Objective: to determine the impact of an early stimulation program on language development in 3-year-old children in the municipality of Sincelejo. Method: 58 children aged 3 to 3.5 years assessed and divided into two diagnostic groups of delay and normality in development, divided in turn into intervention and control groups. The initial, intermediate and final language development evaluations were carried out with PLON-R. The intervention program lasted 8 months and was based on the stimulation of oral language in 3-year-old children. Analyzes were carried out using the Wilcoxon statistical test of signed ranges, statistical significance was established. Results: it was demonstrated that the stimulation program designed and executed in this study was effective, allowing the children to improve their language skills. Discussion: Previous findings regarding language development and the role of stimulation in linguistic and cognitive achievements are confirmed.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest in pregnant women and perimortem cesarean section are rare. These are medical catastrophes that require immediate attention. Performing this procedure according to adequate standards provides better options for both the mother and the fetus. Cuba pays special attention to the maternal-fetal binomial, for which large amounts of human and technological resources are used. Objective: To update the information about perimortem cesarean section. Methods: A database review was carried out to find epidemiological descriptions, case reports, case series, personal communications, and studies in different health contexts, which would serve as scientific evidence on the subject. Results: Cardiac arrest in pregnant women is a rare event; the performance of a perimortem cesarean section with reduced time (4-5 min) was an effective option. The work of the multidisciplinary team based on protocols has a function that benefits both the mother and the fetus. Currently, the concept of resuscitative hysterotomy is recommended, which reflects the optimization of the resuscitation efforts. Maternal death by anesthesia is a medical emergency that requires special attention. There are medical associations that advocate the scales of early care in pregnant women, with updated training and innovative strategies to obtain better outcomes. Conclusions: The study of cardiac arrest in pregnant women, perimortem caesarean section and anesthesia-related maternal death are important. The creation of multidisciplinary groups and well-trained groups are the best option in these circumstances. It is recommended to increase the study and training to offer the best options to the maternal-fetal binomial.

Introduction: Total intravenous anesthesia is characterized by hemodynamic stability, anesthetic depth, rapid and predictable recovery, less medication and less toxicity. Objective: To describe the outcomes of total intravenous anesthesia in breast cancer surgery. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out in Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2016, in 100 patients who were administered total intravenous anesthesia with midazolam and fentanyl for breast oncology surgery. The patients were determined hemodynamic repercussion, the level of sedation, analgesia, recovery and complications. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.99±12.5 years. Among the patients under study, 92% did not present clinical signs of superficiality. Only 21 patients presented complications. Variations in blood pressure were the most frequent (16%), followed by bradycardia or tachycardia in only four cases. Immediately, 74% of the cases were recovered and the remaining 26% did so timely. The level of sedation was adequate in 50% and excessive in 4%. Among the total number of cases, 99% experienced analgesic response without pain. Conclusions: The outcomes of total intravenous anesthesia usage were good, with adequate analgesic response and few complications.

Introducción: El dolor es un síntoma tan antiguo como la propia humanidad y ha formado parte inseparable de esta. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la analgesia preventiva con diclofenaco en el dolor posoperatorio en niños operados por cirugía general electiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cuasiexperimental, en 230 niños operados por cirugía general electiva. La muestra se distribuyó en dos grupos; analgesia preventiva con diclofenaco (grupo estudio), versus dipirona por vía rectal (grupo control). Las variables analizadas fueron intensidad del dolor, modificaciones hemodinámicas, evolución clínica y eventos adversos. Resultados: En ambos grupos prevalecieron los pacientes entre los 6 y 10 años de edad. En el grupo estudio, el dolor apareció a partir de las 6 h después de la operación, en solo 23 pacientes. No así en el grupo control que desde las 4 h, 19 pacientes refirieron dolor. En el grupo estudio los 23 pacientes tuvieron aproximadamente 2 h de duración del dolor y de ellos, solo 4 con intensidad severa; mientras que en el control 65 refirieron 2 h de dolor y el resto lo refirieron durante 4 h a pesar del rescate analgésico. Nueve de ellos, presentaron intensidad severa. Algunos pacientes presentaron modificaciones de la tensión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria asociadas al dolor. Los efectos adversos frecuentes fueron náuseas y vómitos. Conclusiones: La administración preventiva de diclofenaco disminuye la intensidad del dolor posoperatorio en los procedimientos quirúrgicos de cirugía general electiva en niños.

Introduction: In surgery of the thyroid gland, mortality is null in some series, so morbidity is the surgeon's greatest concern. Objective: To present the clinical evolution of a patient with total thyroidectomy due to bilateral endothoracic goiter. Clinical case: This patient underwent total thyroidectomy due to bilateral endothoracic goiter, technically difficult, negative freeze biopsy of malignancy, colloid goiter. Visualized recurrent nerves. Due to the size of the gland and how complex the extraction was, it was decided to transfer the patient to the intubated and ventilated recovery room to proceed with the recovery of spontaneous ventilation and extubation in a longer period. She was extubated the first time it failed. She was re-intubated and it occurred on a second occasion after being re-operated due to a possible hematoma of the wound. In the preoperative CT scan, a large thyroid gland with bilateral endothoracic prolongation and high stenosis of the trachea was observed. Conclusion: Complications of airway obstruction after thyroidectomy are not frequent. Generally, after a total or partial thyroidectomy, it is a matter of recovering the patient in the operating room, in order to perform, after extubation, a laryngoscopy to rule out paralysis of the vocal cords. Tracheomalacia as a complication after thyroidectomy is not frequent, so it is warned that failure to diagnose and treat the patient quickly could have a fatal outcome.

Introduction: In Cuba, cancer is the leading cause of death at ages 15-64 and the second at ages over 65, digestive tumors occupy the third position among malignancies and pancreatic affection the fourth place among these. Objective: To present the evolution of a patient with a pancreatic tumor and survival of more than 6 months who underwent neurolysis of the celiac plexus. Case presentation: A 64-year-old male patient diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas without surgical criteria, with pain of severe intensity that made it impossible to start adjuvant treatment, for which he underwent neurolysis of the bilateral celiac plexus, with 7 mL of phenol-10 % per side, through the retrocrural posterior space with follow-up with image intensifier, and oral adjuvant treatment was administered with tricyclic, analgesic and anxiolytic antidepressants due to the mixed component of oncological pain. Conclusions: The neurolytic block of the celiac plexus associated with conventional oral analgesic pharmacological therapy provided total relief of pain from pancreatic cancer in an immediate and lasting way. It was possible to improve the general state of the patient, which facilitates the start of adjuvant oncology therapy.

La amputación traumática completa se define como la separación total de un segmento del miembro del resto del cuerpo. El segmento cercenado algunas veces se puede reconectar, siempre que ambas partes de la extremidad hayan sido correctamente tratadas y se cumplan determinadas condiciones. Se presentan dos casos de amputación traumática de ambos miembros inferiores: el primero, una paciente femenina de 49 años de edad, debido a un accidente de trabajo y, el segundo, un paciente masculino de 39 años, víctima de un accidente en las vías férreas. Se expone la sintomatología presentada por ambos pacientes, su tratamiento quirúrgico y evolución.

Los Schwannomas son tumores de origen neural, corresponden al 1 % de los tumores de retroperitoneo. En la mayoría de las ocasiones, son tumores de comportamiento benigno, solo del 5 - 18 % son malignos y aún menos frecuente es que sean de alto grado en su histología. Se trata de una paciente de 46 años de edad sin antecedentes crónico degenerativos. Con diagnóstico conocido de neurofibromatosis tipo I. La enfermedad se manifestó tres años antes de que fura ingresado (en 2013), por presentar artralgia de rodilla derecha la cual se asocia a mialgias de forma ipsilateral. Se le solicitó como apoyo diagnostico una resonancia magnética de columna dorsal y lumbar, en la que se reporta una tumoración en la región del retroperitoneo de lado derecho con medidas de 10 x 17 cm con aparente origen espinal en L2 y L3. A pesar de ser masas de origen neural benignas la mayoría de las veces, es frecuente su malignización y se encontró una cavidad con estructuras vecinas tomada por el tumor. En estos casos, es de vital importancia el manejo preoperatorio de manera multidisciplinaria tanto en la preparación preoperatoria, así como durante el procedimiento quirúrgico.

La disección aórtica ocurre cuando las capas de la pared aortica se separan como resultado de la entrada de sangre a través de un desgarro en la íntima. El promedio reportado para la disección primaria de la aorta abdominal es menor al 2 %, comparado con el de la aorta ascendente (70 %), aorta descendente (20 %) y el arco aórtico (7 %). Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 74 años de edad que inició su padecimiento con dolor lumbar y abdominal súbito e intenso. Se le realizó una angiotomografía que mostró una disección de la aorta abdominal infrarrenal con extensión a ambas arterias iliacas primitivas hasta antes de su bifurcación. Se le realizó un bypass aortobifemoral con injerto bifurcado de Dacron obteniendo un buen resultado posoperatorio. La disección aórtica abdominal primaria es una rara patología que en pacientes sintomáticos se puede tratar mediante la reparación abierta o endovascular, si se decide realizar la técnica abierta se puede realizar la escisión más bypass aortobifemoral obteniendo buenos resultados como en este caso.