Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Biomechanical preparation is crucial for the success of endodontic treatment, since the apical top and the obturation limit are fundamental operational stages to ensure appropriate broadening of the duct maintaining the initial preoperative configuration. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the step-back instrumentation technique in single-visit endodontic treatment. Methods: A therapeutic intervention study was conducted of 30 patients aged over 12 years at "Dr. Salvador Allende" Dental Clinic in the municipality of Cerro, Havana, from December 2015 to June 2017. The variables analyzed included postoperative pain, swelling, radiographic examination, success and failure of treatment based on pulp condition and type of tooth treated. Data were presented in two-entry contingency tables, with percentage as the measure of summary. Results: 90 % of the patients did not have any postoperative pain, 96.67 % of the treatments were effective in that there were no signs of swelling, and 3.3 % of the evolutionary radiographic tests showed images of chronic inflammatory processes. Conclusions: The step-back instrumentation technique in single-visit endodontic treatment was found to be effective in most cases. The highest percentage of patients treated did not report any postoperative pain or swelling.

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Introduction: Intercanine distance values are a useful auxiliary reference to predict space deficiency problems related to transverse maxillary growth.Objective: Determine intercanine distance values for children with normal occlusion in both dental arches during the different dentition periods.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study universe was 6 033 schoolchildren, from whom a stratified random sample was selected of 525 children aged 3, 6, 9 and 12 years, corresponding to the stages of dental development: temporary, early mixed, late mixed and permanent dentition. Facial and oral clinical examination was performed, based on the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were age, sex, upper intercanine distance and lower intercanine distance. The possible association between intercanine distance and sex and age was determined with Student's independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively.Results: Upper intercanine distance was 27.3 mm at 3 years, 30.42 mm at 6 years, 31.67 mm at 9 years and 32.93 mm at 12 years. Lower intercanine distance was 23.19 mm, 24.66 mm, 25.61 mm and 25,98 mm at 3, 6, 9 and 12 years, respectively. Male subjects exhibited greater values. Significant differences were found with respect to sex in upper intercanine distance at 6 and 12 years (p= 0.000) and in lower intercanine distance at the same ages (p= 0.001 and p=0.01), as well as in upper and lower intercanine distance across the different ages (p= 0.000).Conclusions: Intercanine distance increases in both jaws with age. A predominance was found of a greater width in the male sex in both jaws at 6 and 12 years of age.

Female patient, 14 years old, previously healthy, with clinical findings of paraparesis and arthralgia. In the laboratory results, she had hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap and proteinuria. The diagnosis of distal tubular renal acidosis was made, without an underlying cause established in that moment. Symptoms resolved with the administration of potassium citrate. She also had high levels of anti- Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies, Schirmer´s test was positive, she presented ocular and oral symptoms, therefore a diagnosis of primary Sjögren Syndrome was made.

The incidence of breast cancer has progressively increased during the last decades and by the year 2020 it could increase by 50%. Physical activity in the population suffering it acts as a protective factor for health. Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe the levels of physical activity among women with non-metastatic breast cancer, as reported in the databases of two health institutions of the city of Cali through a year. Method: An observational descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 30 women. They were asked to complete The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and a questionnaire with general inquiries. The data was collected and analyzed relating the physical activity level, the cancer stage, the patient’s occupation, their socioeconomic level, their body mass index (BMI) and their age. Results: The results revealed that 30% of the population kept their physical activity at a high level, 33.3% at a moderate level and 36.7% at a low level. The results also disclosed that 83% of women in the sample were overweight and that there was a statistically significant correlation between cancer stages and physical activity (p = 0.014). Discussion: The results are consistent with the literature relating the evaluation of physical activity through the IPAQ in women with breast cancer: their level of physical activity is generally low. The increase in physical activity levels in people with breast cancer is both individual and social. A demographic, multisector, multidisciplinary, and culturally appropriate perspective is required.

For years, science has explored the development of sensory abilities in blind or visually impaired people as a mechanism of cerebral plasticity. However, there are endless individual differences in the researches of this field that hinder the formulation of absolute theories capable to argue the finding of these capacities. Objective: The main interest of this article was to characterize and compare the auditory skills in blind and non-blind adults, and establish if there are differences between these two groups. Method: The participant group was made by 32 people divided in two groups, one of men and another one of women, with ages between 17 and 59 years. The following skills were evaluated: Location and sound lateralization, auditory discrimination, recognition of auditory patterns, temporal aspects of hearing, auditory performance in competing acoustic signals and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals. Results: Although there were differences in most of the tests applied to both groups, the results obtained showed a statistically significant difference in the central auditory processing between the group of people with visual impairment and the with the group without disability, according to the Mann Whitney U test. These differences were particularly found in the skills of recognition of the sound frequency and discrimination under a temporary masking. Discussion: it is clear that a rigorous application of the method (including the ecology of the test), the use of other instruments, and the approach of other related variables (of cognitive type and individual differences) are influential factors for new findings.

Objective: to identify the level of physical activity of people with limited mobility activities in Neiva. Method:quantitative research, with correlational scope and non-experimental design. The sample constituted by 224 people with limitation in the mobility activities of the city of Neiva; The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire / GPAQ questionnaire was used to collect the information, which allows identifying the level of physical activity and is part of the STEPS Instrument. Results:77.7% of the total of the evaluated population was classified in a low level of physical activity and only 0.9% in a high level; A level of dependence was found between the variables: Level of physical activity and currently working (p <0.05); highlighting that, according to data obtained, people with limited mobility activities that are not active are predisposed to have a low level of physical activity. Discussion:The investigations in relation to the level of physical activity in people with disabilities, are almost null at national and international level. Several studies show the importance of physical activity in this population due to its multiple benefits and that it can delay the deterioration of people who are in this condition.

Speech and language therapy in Colombia was defined as a scientific discipline that studies human communication and its disorders. Historically, it has developed in the language, speech, hearing and voice areas, mainly in the educational and clinical field. The speech therapist’s competences can improve communication, language and cognition skills in order to generate participation and social transformation processes. This paper presents brings to consideration the conceptualization and characterization of the speech and language therapist’s role in the field of community and social welfare, based on the recognition of communication as a tool for change and participation. Currently, Colombia has made an effort to train speech therapists with competencies in this area. However, their role has not yet been recognized by society.

The Tolosa Hunt syndrome corresponds to an idiopathic granulomatous inflammation that generatesipsilateral facial and oculomotor paralysis, pupillary disorders and hypoesthesia and / or hyperalgesiain the area innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Literature is scarce comparedto physiotherapeutic management in these patients, for this reason it is necessary to generate aproposal based on conventional and current strategies for the management of patients with facialparalysis secondary to this syndrome. Clinical case: 20-year-old woman with facial paralysissecondary to Tolosa Hunt syndrome in whom facial asymmetry, compromised eye movement, facialmuscle weakness, House Brackmann scale reported total paralysis, trigger points active compromisedhemicara and cervical region. An antalgic posture and commitment of cranial nerves III, IV, V, VIand VII is observed. Intervention: 12 sessions of physiotherapy are carried out with the aim ofreducing pain by improving mobility, recovering the motor function of the facial muscles, improvingvascularization and nerve conduction. Results: After the physiotherapeutic intervention, optimalresults are shown in terms of mobility, strength, facial symmetry, sensitivity and posture. Discussion:The current literature exposes techniques for the management of facial paralysis that generatesignificant effects in the patient against motor recovery mainly. It is important to include within thephysiotherapeutic management the application of electrotherapy that has shown results in themanagement of facial paralysis, accelerating recovery from conventional management

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques are a rehabilitation approach commonly used by physiotherapists. However, there are no studies that evaluate the effect of PNF techniques such as repeated contractions (RC) in the most advanced form, despite the existence of neurophysiological mechanisms that support its application. Objective: To describe the effect of PNF RC Technique in the most advanced form on the strength of latissimus dorsi muscle in healthy university women. Method: Ten healthy women (18-25 years) with muscle notes of 3 or 3+ in the manual muscle examination of the latissimus dorsi muscle, and who did not perform physical exercise during the intervention, were included. Training was performed with the PNF RC Technique in the most advanced form (3 sets of 8 repetitions, 3 times a week for 8 weeks) in the non-dominant upper limb. The normality and homogeneity of the data were evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test, the difference pre and post-intervention in the muscle strength was analyzed by the paired t-Student test (p <0.05). Results: There was a significant increase in the strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle after the intervention (p = 0.002418) in the trained upper limb. There was increase in non-intervened latissimus dorsi muscle strength (p = 0.121). Discussion: Several training characteristics such as duration, diagonal component and repeated voluntary movement are discussed. The implications of these on strength results are understood using the available evidence.