Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Nutritional and dietary strategies aim to improve health. Studies of economic costs allow to evaluate interventions as well as to observe the costs and the benefits. Nutritional strategies have been developed whit low cost and high effectiveness to reduce the incidence of diseases, which is why they play an important role in the recovery and preservation of health. Material and methods: Systematic search in different databases. Including cost-effectiveness articles from the institutional point of view, of nutritional and dietary interventions from 1980 to 2018. The studies were grouped according to the type of intervention. In these, the objective and the differences of the simulation studies and the clinical-economic studies were compared. Results: 34 articles were included. All were randomized clinical trials, both in the studies taken from the literature to do the simulation studies and in the clinical-economic studies. Conclusions: Not all publications report the effectiveness units in the same monetary system, nor do they define effectiveness in the same way, however, nutritional and dietary intervention strategies are effective in reducing hospitalization days, improving vital forecasts and general health status of patients, so that its cost is not only depreciable, but should be considered as an essential part of health interventions.

The objective of the study is to analyze the spatial distribution of adolescent municipal fertility in Chiapas during 2015. Method: from the use of estimated structural additive models through the integrated nested approach of Laplace. Results: A first model identifies the non-random spatial patterns of fertility, while a second model analyzes the effect of cofactors such as poverty, marginalization and illiteracy on the spatial distribution of adolescent fertility. Discussion: The results seem to confirm that the spaces where higher rates of marginalization, illiteracy and poverty are registered increase the risk of setting up a cluster where the adolescent fertility rates observed are on average higher than those presented by neighboring municipalities.

The objective of this article is to analyze the levels of useful life in the account, the type of occupation of the employed population in Mexico. Method: see the tables of life for four groups of occupation: manual of low qualification, manual of high qualification, not manual of low qualification and not manual of high qualification, from these estimations of the life expectancies according to the correction for the year 2014. Results: mortality is concentrated in highly qualified occupations and the best pages are associated with greater stress and a sedentary life, are related to the new dynamics of globalization, flexibility and job insecurity.

Objetive: analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the level of physical activity and self-esteem of the school population of fourth, fifth and sixth grades of the Central District of Heredia. Method: The descriptive-comparative and transversal study analyzed 442 children, 234 boys and 208 girls between 9 and 13 years old. It was measured the weight and height to calculate the body mass index, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Lawrence's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ). Results: the results suggest 20.6 % of infants with overweight and 13.6 % with obesity, 29.4 % indicated a low level of physical activity and 26.7 % with low self-esteem. In addition, boys report a higher level of physical activity compared to girls (F (9) =2.55; p=0.007). Conclusions: According to the objective, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls and boys was 34.2 %, 30 % presented high levels of sedentary lifestyle and 27 % low self-esteem. These information indicate the importance of generating intervention options is demonstrated in the different levels of education with the aim of palliate the results of this research, working as a team with government organization in the country.

Objective: to analyze comparatively mortality from to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the population aged 50 and over from Argentina and Uruguay, during the last 20 years and in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Methods: based on information from the United Nations, specific mortality rates are calculated by sex, age group and cause for the quinquennium 1997-2001 and 2010-2014. Results: Considering STDs in general, female mortality decreases and male mortality increases not only in Argentina but also in Uruguay. In addition, mortality due to cervical cancer (mainly associated with human papillomavirus, HPV) decreases; and mortality from to HIV/AIDS and other HPV-related cancers rises in both countries. On the other hand, there are differences between countries in the variation of mortality due to acute hepatitis B, syphilis and vulvar cancer. Conclusions: taking into account the variation of some specific mortality rates under study, countries should redouble their efforts regarding the access to information by the population aged 50 or over; the use of condoms as a method for preventing the transmission of STDs; the access to early diagnosis and treatment programmes; the improving of health systems to respond ageing-related needs timely; and the strengthening of health information systems for making the right decisions.

Objective: to determine the frequency of the different lesions of the oral mucosa in the clinical internship of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). Methodology: retrospective study of 263 reports of oral lesions recovered from the biopsies file of the Faculty of Dentistry of the UCR from 2008 to 2015. Information on sex, age, location of the lesion and histopathological diagnosis was collected and evaluated in a descriptive and qualitative manner. Results: cases of oral mucosal lesions affected women preferentially (n = 144, 54.8 %), the average age was 48.8 years (16.4 SD) and with lesions predominantly located in tongue (n = 68, 25.9%), gum (n = 62, 23.6 %) and lip (n = 61, 23.2 %). Non-neoplastic proliferative lesions (n ​​= 101, 38.7 %), potentially malignant lesions (n ​​= 29, 11.1%) and benign and malignant epithelial lesions (n ​​= 24, 9.1 %) were the most prevalent groups. The four most predominant lesions were fibrous hyperplasia, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, lichen planus and hyperkeratosis without atypia. Conclusions: non-neoplastic proliferative lesions were predominant, with the fibrous hyperplasia being the most prevalent lesion. These results may be useful to understand the distribution of oral diseases in a national sample.

Objective: to analyze the labor incorporation of Peruvian migrants in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, in the period 2001-2010. Methods: We use descriptive statistical analysis in the first step and analysis of multiple correspondences in the second step (MCA), both in comparative perspective with the native population. Results: men increase participation in the industry, both natives and migrants. However, the magnitude is greater for Peruvian men. For native women, the change in the occupational structure is small. For women born in Peru the movement towards the industry sector is also appreciated. However, the most remarkable feature for this group is the scattering of the most frequent category: domestic work, in a process that goes in the direction of diversifying the spectrum of occupations. Conclusions: in relation to Peruvian migrants, gender cleavage presents stability as a mechanism that explains differential incorporation, where women persist in specific occupations in the period considered. This supports the hypothesis of a segmented incorporation for women. However, there is also a variation, since although the most frequent category is domestic work in both census periods, the lower proportion of them employed there in 2010 indicates that other occupations acquire relevance. In the case of men, the main feature is the transfer to industry.

Aim: To characterize the implementation process of the National Policy of Tuberculosis Control in Costa Rica 2012-2015. Methods: The Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy (M&E) was used in order to analyze the objectives of the program according to the context and to obtained indicators for 2012-2015. A case study was proposed to know which components of the policy had been used and to comprehend the implementation process. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews to policy makers and implementers of the policy. Results: In 2015, Costa Rica had 8.13 reported cases of tuberculosis per 100 000 people. The country achieved the 85 % of successful treatment; however, the cure rate was 60 % and the death rate was 6.55 %. Conclusions: The country did not perform the recommended collaborative strategies by Pan American Health Organization, did not have inter-sectorial coordination or inter-institutional work with other institutions from the Health System, and did not achieve the participation of the community or the social institutions in the program.

El presente trabajo es una primera aproximación investigadora a cómo la industria artística (producción, exhibición, difusión crítica, distribución, venta) ha encontrado un lugar natural de trabajo, colaboración, ejercicio crítico y transacción comercial en el mundo digital y, de forma muy importante, en las redes sociales. Esto ha llevado a diferentes transformaciones y adaptaciones del mundo del arte al universo digital. Las conclusiones más destacadas se concentran en uno de los cambios que podrían ser más evidentes y profundos, esto es, la influencia creciente del usuario en toda la cadena de la industria del arte. Antes de la revolución digital quien controlaba la producción (mecenas) o la información (intermediario) controlaba en gran medida el éxito de un artista, un escritor o una revolución. Pero, gracias en buena parte, a las redes sociales y a las relaciones transmedia con las que están interconectadas, esta escala ha variado y, en ocasiones, se está invirtiendo.

Damos a conocer en esta contribución las aportaciones de obras artísticas de naturaleza o inspiración flamenca e italiana que se han conservado en los conventos de religiosas contemplativas dominicas de Madre de Dios de Baena y Jesús Crucificado de Córdoba. Fundamentamos con documentación inédita el contexto por el que estas piezas han tenido entrada en estos cenobios, además de facilitarnos la atribución de autoría a determinadas obras que hasta el momento se han mantenido en el anonimato. Así, encontramos en ellas las paternidades de los pintores Cornelis I Schut (1597-1655), Jan I Brueghel (1568-1625), Paul Bril (1553-1626) y Domenico Fiasella (1589-1669), y de los broncistas Sebastiano Torrigiani (†1596) y Ludovico del Duca (†1603), así como del escultor Francesco Terillus (†1635).