Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Learning styles refer to how learners perceive, interact with and respond to the learning environment, as a result of heredity, their own life experiences and the demands of the current environment; also to the characteristic affective, cognitive and physiological behavior. The objective of this research is to identify the learning styles shown by the students of the "preparatory functional area for training in agricultural and environmental sciences" of the UNA Camoapa Campus, taught in the face-to-face modality. It is based on Kolb's theoretical model and follows a quantitative-descriptive research methodology. The analysis is approached from the application of the Kolb Learning Styles Test instrument to sixty first-year students of the year 2020. Among the results, it was found that the predominant learning style of the students is the assimilator, characterized by their thought. sequentially, analysis and synthesis of information, and its value system rewards logic and rationality. Since students learn more effectively when they are taught using different pedagogical strategies based on their predominant learning styles, it is incumbent on teachers to structure learning situations that are consistent with all styles.

With the objective of identifying fungi associated with moringa seeds in the state of Monagas, this research was conducted with material obtained from four localities, Caicara de Maturín, Cedeño municipality and seed banks from the Las Avenidas, Brisas del Aeropuerto and Terrenos de Guarapiche, in the Maturín municipality. By origin, the seeds were characterized in physical and intrinsic aspects and 250 units were randomly selected for diagnosis; 125 sown directly in humid chambers, without disinfection, in Petri dishes with absorbent paper, moistened with sterile distilled water and 125 disinfected in a 10 % v/v solution of sodium hypochlorite 3.5 % for 2 minutes, both groups of seeds, incubated in chambers under laboratory conditions. A randomized block design with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with five repetitions and five capsules per experimental unit. The frequency of appearance of each fungal colony and the percentage of seed germination at 5, 10 and 15 days after sowing were quantified. The results were analyzed and interpreted by non-parametric statistics. Aspergillus sp. was detected Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Monilia sp. and Trichoderma sp., being Aspergillus sp., the most frequent fungal isolate. Recently harvested seeds presented more frequently Fusarium; while in stored seeds the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Penicillium were observed. Aspergillus and Rhizopus caused 100 % infestation levels in seeds without any germination power. Trichoderma sp., was only detected in the treatment without seed disinfection, with a low percentage of detection.

This study was carried out in the intertidal zone in the Escalante Chacocente River Wildlife Refuge, Santa Teresa municipality. Its main objective is the determination of the association of the species Arbacia lixula and Ophiocomine nigra based on physical-chemical variables in rocky strata. The diversity of the species Arbacia lixula and Ophiocomina nigra was quantified, through indexes of biological diversity, horseback riding, specific wealth and their distribution in rocky ecosystems through Temporal Space distribution patterns. Sampling was carried out at two times (Dry and Rainy), from January to June in 2018, in 5 rocky strata on Chacocente Beach. The samples were collected through a 1 m2 metal frame. Physical-chemical variables (Temperature, Salinity, pH and OD) were determined. The community structure of the ecosystems consisted of 3 Phylum: Echinodermata (Class Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea), Mollusca (Class Bivalvia and Gasteropoda) and Arthropoda (Malacostraca Class), having 26485 organisms in the two sampling times. The lowest density was found in the dry season (2.99 ind/m2) and the largest in winter with 3.5 ind/m2. The abundance and distribution of species was heterogeneous in the rocky strata. With the Jaccard and Morisita-Horn index, they had high similarity between the rocky strata.  The most abundant species was arbacia lixula, having greater ability to adapt to the different changes that occur in rocky ecosystems than Ophiocomine nigra. As for the composition, distribution and association of species they related to the physicochemical variables of seawater, where variations and fluctuations determine that both species adapt perfectly to changes, allowing them to be associated. As for their ecological importance, these species are good indicators of systemic echo quality, allowing the recruitment of new species in rocky ecosystems.

Citrus fruits are the most economically important fruit crop in the world. In Nicaragua, citrus production generates USD 24.5 million annually. The diseases that can be prevented by inoculating mycorrhizae in rootstocks are root rot caused by Phytophthora sp. and the dry disease of citrus by Fusarium sp. The introduction of disease resistant patterns is a necessity in today's citrus industry. In the last decades, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used for the beneficial effect they produce on their hosts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the vegetative development of Citrange Troyer and Citrange Carrizo rootstock. The inoculated mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the Félix, Marino and San José citrus farms. The genus identified with the highest percentage was Glomus sp, with 97 % to 99 %, while the genera Scutellospora sp., Gigaspora sp., Septoglomus sp. and Acaulospora sp., represented 1 % respectively. The percentage of root colonization with the Glomus sp. genus was 93 % for the Troyer graft holder and in Carrizo it was 83 % to 100%. The effect of Glomus sp. was evaluated by measuring the variables plant height (cm), number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), root length (cm) and biomass (g). The results of the analysis of variance and separation of means of Tukey (α = 0.05), show significant differences for the Troyer rootstock in the variables stem diameter and root length with the isolate from the San José farm, in the case of the root Carrizo graft the number of leaves, stem diameter and root length showed the highest values with the isolate from the Felix farm.

The potential use of Moringa oleifera, generates interest to investigate the potential characteristics of promising genetic materials. With the objective of morphological characterization Moringa oleifera cv Honghe plants based on height and basal diameter of plants, number of branches and leaves, number of fruits per plant, length and equatorial diameter of the fruit, number of seeds per fruit and per kilogram, weight, length and diameter of each seed, survival rate, beginning of flowering and fruiting during its initial establishment, a study was carried out at the National Center for Agricultural Research (CNIA) of the Nicaraguan Institute of Agricultural Technology, in Managua, Nicaragua , with 12 trees established at a planting distance of Four meters between rows and between plants in an area of 172.50 m2. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The results show a survival rate of 91.66 %, height 277.16 cm, basal diameter 5.13 cm, number of leaves 51, number of branches seven, beginning of flowering, at three months of age, with 100 % flowering, at five months of age, beginning of fruiting at 5.5 months of age, with 100 % fruiting with seven months of age. Fruit production per plant was 65 ± 27, fruit length 52.83 ± 5.22 cm, equatorial diameter 1.93 ± 0.38 cm and 21 ± 4 seeds per fruit. The seeds presented mean weight of 0.3366 ± 0.06 grams, length 11.38 ± 1.35 mm, diameter 10.26 ± 0.99 mm and 3.002 ± 30 seeds per kilogram. These results allow to conclude that Moringa oleifera cv Honghe is a promising genetic material because it is a very early and fast growing cultivar, compared to other provenances and cultivars evaluated by other authors in our country.

Water resources are the most sensitive to the effects of Climate Change, so the assessment of their resulting state is essential for the well-being of the Nicaraguan population. In order to generate quantitative information on the dynamics of surface runoff to guide the prioritization of comprehensive management in watersheds with water deficit, the surface runoff of hydrographic units in Nicaragua was estimated with the SWAT hydrological model. The analysis was carried out considering three combinations of climatic scenarios and land uses: first, with the climate of the period 1988-2017 with land use of 2015; the second, the pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5) for the period 2040-2069 with land use from 2015; and the last one, the pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5) for the period 2040-2069 with a proposal to replace agricultural areas on slopes greater than 15 % by agroforestry and silvopastoral systems. In total, 66 hydrographic units were simulated, of which 29 presented a deficient hydrological response. In the 1988-2017 period, surface runoff varied from 65.5 to 497.9 mm and from 70.76 to 689.76 mm in the 2040-2069 period. With the land use proposal, runoff is expected to range from 36.57 to 683.9 mm, reflecting an average decrease of 70.27 mm. Based on these variations, it was concluded that the highest priority units to be managed are those located in Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Estelí and Matagalpa, located within the dry corridor.  

The search and importance of educational quality is a topic that we often hear, observe, and read in the different media, institutions and organizations dedicated to education. Research carried out by renowned education specialists such as Howard Gardner, Ken Robinson, Eduard Punset, Daniel Goleman y Alvin Toffler, raises the urgency of transforming educational institutions. From the reality before exposed, the key question for this research arises: Does university education consider multiple intelligences in admission policies and in the curriculum? To answer this question, Howard Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences was used as a theoretical basis, considering that the IQ is immersed among multiple intelligences. In this first stage of research, the class groups that the researchers attended in the 2018-2019 period were selected. The multiple intelligences test was retaken, which was put online so that the participants could proceed to answer it individually. The test contains a battery of thirty-five (35) closed questions and was answered by 69 students from different professions. The results after some important considerations: the first, referring to the fact that the participating average students have marked multiple intelligence diversity, but not related to the professions; According to Gardner's methodology, the four points must be reached to have a marked intelligence. The other important element to consider is that students could further expand their types of intelligences under favorable conditions. Failure to find outstanding intelligences could mean students who have developed their potential, in unfavorable fields and fields. The other important element is the fact of avoiding multiple intelligences as variables that consider the professional inclinations of students.

This research was aimed to study the morphometric, faneroptic dimorphism and variability of crossbred goats from rural communities in the municipality of Nindirí. From a total population of 208 animals, 35 adult individuals were evaluated by random sampling, from which 13 morphological measures, 13 phaneroptics, 9 zoometric indices and the biological variables, age and live weight, were determined. Age and live weight in males presented the lowest values, but with the highest level of variation. The cephalic measurements raised and the longitudinal (DL) and dorsal sternal (DDE) diameters did not present a very marked dimorphism between sexes. Chest width (AP) and rump measurements, width (AG) and length (LG), were slightly greater in females, with high levels of variability. The thoracic and cane perimeters did not show very marked differences between both sexes. The morphostructural homogeneity of these animals is high, 76.92 % of the variables present a coefficient of variation between medium to low (coefficient of variation less than 10 %), being the raised those that present the lowest proportions of variability. Based on the ethnological and productive capacity indices, the animals would be morphologically, dolichocephalic, not very compact, medium-sized, convexilinear and Brachymorphic. The values of the pelvic indices longitudinal (IPEL) and transversal (IPET), reveal a lack of specialized productive attitude. The phaneroptics were dominated by: layers, mucous membranes and dark hooves, hair of medium length and absence of raspil, breeches, goatee and mamellas.  In the morphological characteristics, the straight nasal fronto profiles, horizontal medium ears, acorn, depigmented udders, and bagged, nipples with normal numbers and parallel position stood out. Less than 50 % of the positive and significant correlations were found, so this population can be considered a morphostructural model that is not very harmonious. Four main components (PCA) explained 77 % of the total variation, highlighting within them seven variables with greater discrimination power

The present research addresses morphological aspects of the plant and evaluates the behavior of vegetative development of oregano (Plecthranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) through the establishment of stems at nursery level using a Randomized Complete Block design, over a period of 90 days. Each block was composed of 30 plants, with three replications for a total of six blocks with 180 plants. Three measurements were made at 30-day intervals. The variables were: survival, number of leaves, plant height, and leaf length and width. Three types of substrates were used; 1) 100 % soil, 2) a mixture of 35 % soil, 30 % sand, 30 % bokashi and 5 % lime, 3) 35 % soil, 35 % rice husk and 30 % sand. In the laboratory, the percentage of biomass in green and dry weight (root and aerial) was calculated to check the moisture content of the plant. The bokashi substrate presented the best results in terms of organic matter and nitrogen. Plant growth was better with the bokashi substrate when obtaining the highest values; in terms of stem survival, a general average of 64% was recorded, with no difference between the factors or in the interaction; in terms of the number of leaves, the bokashi substrate in large bag obtained 41 leaves, in length and width of the leaf, 6.07 cm and 5.32 cm were recorded respectively, and 32.46 cm in plant height, all these results obtained in the moisture content of the plants was higher (86%) with the bokashi substrate.

In the country, pollution related to socio-economic activities and natural processes affects the quality of water for human consumption. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of water in sources used for domestic use in communities of the municipality of El Viejo, with the purpose of generating recommendations that contribute to reducing the risk of diseases of water origin.  In 2020, the study was carried out in 14 communities of El Viejo, as part of the Collaboration Agreement between the Universidad Nacional Agraria and the Irish Catholic Agencyfor Development (Trocaire). The qualitative study evaluated the quality of water for human consumption, using 10 physico-chemical parameters (using indicator tapes and HACH multimeter) and two microbiological parameters (using Phatoscreen and Readycult Coliforms) in 12 drilled wells that supply mini-aqueducts and eight wells dug by hand for family or community use. The sources studied supply 1 496 families (5 760 people). The values obtained from the physical-chemical parameters indicate that water from most sources is acceptable for consumption, according to the Water Quality Standards for Human Consumption (CAPRE Regional Standard) and the World Health Organization Guidelines for the Quality of Water for Human Consumption. However, to reduce high values of hardness and salinity in some wells, it is suggested to treat the water intended for consumption. From the point of view of biological quality, between 75% (July sampling) and 85% of the sources (November sampling), water consumption posed a health risk due to contamination with bacteria of the coliform group and/or Escherichia coli, which cause diarrhoeal diseases. The presence of phosphate, ammonium and/or nitrate in several of the sources shows a trend of contamination by organic and inorganic waste, washed away by water from surrounding areas. The results suggest the need to develop the Water Security Plan for each source, in order to ensure the application of good practices in the supply of water for human consumption.