Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Resumo: A partir das contribuições do filósofo franco - argelino Jacques Derrida a respeito dos conceitos de justiça e perdão, o presente ensaio propõe, através de uma análise sobre a Justiça de Transição, compreender algumas nuances da Lei da Anistia brasileira. Abordaremos a questão da efetividade do perdão em um contexto de graves violações aos Direitos Humanos, apoiados nas críticas derridianas sobre a função do Direito e da Justiça. Para tanto, tomaremos como exemplo o trabalho da Comissão da Verdade e Justiça na África do Sul, instalada devido a ruptura com o regime do apartheid (1995). Com a intenção de ampliar os debates sobre as limitações do direito e os impasses da memória dialogaremos com teóricos como Giorgio Agamben e Paul Ricoeur, reforçando a necessidade de combater os abusos do esquecimento, valorizando uma política da justa memória.Palavras-Chave: Justiça; Direito; Perdão; Anistia.

Este artigo pretende rememorar a trajetória do Movimento Feminino pela Anistia a partir de suas consequentes manifestações gráficas impressas – no caso, revistas e cartazes. Tomo como ponto de partida conceitual a ideia de que a produção imagética não é um fenômeno reativo, mas dinâmico, tomando o pressuposto burkeniano de que estar face a face com a imagem é estar face a face com a própria história. A partir das manifestações gráficas produzidas por mulheres em prol do reestabelecimento das atividades democráticas no Brasil, retorno dos exilados e presos políticos, este artigo objetiva apresentar o debate da questão feminina da época, apresentando-o como diferente das movimentações feministas do norte e, simultaneamente, fazer um mapeamento de como as atividades dos movimentos de mulheres se uniram e também apresentar as problemáticas do pacto da anistia.

Resumo: Durante os 20 anos da Ditadura Militar, grupos de oposição se articularam para denunciar as atrocidades do regime. No Espírito Santo, um expoente de luta era o jornal Posição, criado na segunda metade da década de 1970, quando a Anistia e a volta da democracia, duas propostas quase intrínsecas, ganhavam força entre a população. Inevitavelmente, os jornalistas do efêmero periódico reforçaram essas trincheiras e se viram diretamente envolvidos com seus personagens, seus ideais e seus sofrimentos. É exatamente a forma com que o jornal abordou a anistia durante as suas 66 edições que será discutida neste artigo. Como fontes: reportagens, notas e editorais, além de relatos de história oral dos profissionais de imprensa e de Perly Ciprino, preso político da época.

O período que antecede ao golpe militar no Uruguai (1973) foi marcado por um intenso autoritarismo promovido pelo governo do presidente Jorge Pacheco Areco (1967-1972). As medidas de exceção e violência política por parte do Estado serviram de inspiração para o filme Estado de Sítio (État de Siège) do cineasta grego naturalizado francês Constantin Costa-Gavras. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a película enquanto uma fonte histórica do período em debate, observando a obra como um importante veículo de denúncia dos mecanismos autoritários e repressivos dos governos latino-americanos entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980.

The paucity of identified skeletal collections that include fetuses entails the need to pursue unconventional approaches and resources in order to investigate fetal anatomical variation. Radiographic analyses are being considered as a good alternative to data obtained in osteological collections. In a previous work, we developed equations to estimate gestational age (GA) at death by measuring fetal long bones on x-rays. This study aims to test the applicability of these equations in dry bones, and to assess its accuracy and bias. A test sample of 17 fetuses with known gestational age at death from the osteological collection of the Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada (Spain) was employed. Examined bones comprised the femur, tibia, humerus and radius. The proposed models show high accuracy and low bias in the assessment of gestational age at death in a sample of fetal dry bones. The new equations, especially those obtained with classical calibration, are a valuable tool to estimate fetal gestational age at death in both forensic and archeological contexts.  

In clinical, forensic, legal and sport fields it is usefull to estimate the chronological age as well as the  maturation status and therefore it is useful to determine it through the bone age. In 1983 Tanner et al. proposed the TW2 method, which was later modified and renamed as TW3. In Latin America, bone age studies of open populations using the TW2 and TW3 methods were carried out, but none of them concludes which of both is more accurate and for Mexico there are no published data on TW3. Objective: to explore which method (TW2 or TW3) is most appropriate to estimate bone age of children who share indoamerican ancestry and participate of similar cultural traits. Based on X-Rays of hand and wrist obtained between 1986 and 1987 in 393 youngsters (182 girls and 211 boys) from 6 to 17 years of age of Mixtec origin from the Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico, bone age was estimated folowing RUS TW2 and RUS TW3 methods. Significant statistical differences were found between TW2 and TW3. Greater differences were found using TW2 method vs chronological age, than using the TW3, derived estimates which lay closer to chronological age.

The main aim of this work has been to compare the first three decades of the 20th century in terms of marital preferences in Parroquia District, which belongs to Tulumba Department (administrative subdivision), located in the north of Cordoba (Argentina). The sources consulted were birth certificates from 1901 to 1930, and the main methods used were isonymy and repeated pairs. No notorious differences were observed among the decades, with the second one (1911-1920) showing, in comparison, more differences, having higher random and total inbreeding and a minimum intra-population relationship. In turn, the frequency of marriages among lineages was very high in all cases. The results of the second decade were understood as a palliative against newcomers, but even more so against the effect of increasing emigration to the Pampean region, at least until the beginning of the First World War. In turn, diminished relationship could have been due to some short-distance, but also transoceanic, immigration. In sum, despite the aforementioned, similarities within the three decades are worth highlighting: these do not reflect profound changes in the behavior of the married population. The latter could be expected in the Pampean region of the same period, which had a conspicuous productive development and an important demographic increase, particularly through immigration.

The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results of an evaluation of enthesial changes in urban populations of the city of Mendoza (Argentina) of the colonial period (17th to 19th centuries). The bioarchaeological sample corresponds to 67 adult individuals of both sexes exhumed in archaeological excavations of catholic temples of the site Área Fundacional (City of Mendoza) between 1995 and 2012. The degree of intraobserver error was evaluated and the distribution by sex and age groups was analyzed from the record of 26 fibrocartilaginous enthesis. The prevalence was calculated from the absolute and relative frequencies according to the presence/absence and the degrees of expression by feature, together with the test of statistical significance. The results suggest different  biomechanical demand patterns between men and women at different ages (prevalence and duration/intensity of activities). However, the distribution is discussed considering biological and  methodological factors, proposing lines of investigation to be developed to functional stress studies in  historical colonial populations of Mendoza.

The goal of this study is to characterize the entheseal changes of the horticultural population (guaraníes) from the lower Paraná river Delta and to compare them with the entheseal changes from hunter-gatherer societies that inhabited the same region at the end of Late Holocene. To this end, the entheseal robusticity of humerus, femur and tibia was analyzed. The results show a wide variability of entheseal changes among guaraní that could be related to the age and sex composition of the sample, body size and/or mechanical loading. Individuals recovered from guarani´s archaeological sites have more pronounced entheseal changes than the hunter-gatherers. Besides biological and genetic factors, it is possible that these differences were caused by different mechanical adaptations according to their subsistence practices and technological  equipment.

In this article we present the first set of mitochondrial hypervariable region I sequences from human archaeological remains from the province of Santiago del Estero, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of thegenetic diversity of the populations of the Santiago plains and the processes of interaction with groups from other regions of Argentina in late pre-Hispanic times. Positive results were obtained in 5 out of the 10 analyzed samples, which allowed the identification of 5 different haplotypes. One of the samples, from the north of the Dulce river, shows the characteristic mutations of subhaplogroup D1j, while the other individuals were assigned to derived lineages of C1. The comparison of the haplotypes obtained in this work with pre-Hispanic sequences compiled from the literature did not show a genetic connection with the populations that inhabited northwest Argentina region in the Late Period nor with the Chaco-Littoral groups. Nevertheless, a biological link was clearly observed between the populations of the Santiago del Estero plains and the groups of the central region of Argentina (mainly of the province of Córdoba), and of the valleys of the center-west of Argentina. Despite the small sample size, the detected haplotypes demonstrate these linkages: three out of the five sequences obtained were assigned to the lineages D1j, C1d1b and C1b+146 that have been pointed out as indicators of close genetic relationships between the populations from Central and Western Argentina, as well as evidence of sustained gene flow between them.