Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To evaluate the photoprotection of Community Health Agents (CHA) in five health units. Methods: A casuistry of 56 CHA was used, which were submitted to a self-administered questionnaire with questions about their solar exposure habits and their knowledge about this subject matter. Results: From the analysis of the obtained data, it was verified that 48.2% CHA exposed themselves to the sun during 2 to 6 hours between Monday and Friday and that 55.4% of them are exposed between 10 AM and 3 PM. Furthermore, 58.9% of CHA rarely or never use solar filters and among them, 53.6% apply the product with an inappropriate frequency. However, 100% of the CHA reported to know about the negative consequences and the risks of the solar exposure. Conclusion: The agents’ photoprotection was considered inappropriate, since just a few of them use solar filters and the ones, which reported using the product, do it improperly. Besides that, their knowledge about the risks and consequences of the solar exposure was considered excellent.

Objective: To know the immigrant’s profile who use primary care in Florianopolis. Methods: Cross-sectional populational-based study with register data from foreigners who used Primary Health Care in Florianopolis between 2014 and 2016. The variables were nationality, sex, age, level of education, race and service used. Results: A total of 10,108 immigrants accessed primary care in Florianopolis during the study period, with a predominance profile of adults, Caucasian, with medium/high level of education, Latin Americans, mainly using pharmacy and medical consultations, distributed in all primary care units at Florianopolis. We observed a higher level of schooling and a greater proportion of children and elderly people in the population coming from developed countries, in addition to a lower use of services. Discussion: The profile of immigrants in the study population is comparable to the immigrant population in some European studies, with a predominance of Latin Americans and Caribbean, with a high frequency of economically active age group, using medical consultations and high education among immigrants from developed countries.

Objective: To present information about the diagnosis and treatment of PFAPA syndrome in Primary Health Care. Methods: Systematic review of literature based on the PRISMA recommendation and carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, IBECS and PubMed databases, including studies published from 2004 to 2018, in addition to consulting other PFAPA syndrome specific documents. Results: After search and selection, 31 articles were included. Assessment and Diagnosis: PFAPA syndrome affects mainly children and is characterized by periodic fever accompanied by pharyngitis, aphthous stomatitis and/or cervical adenitis. Its diagnosis is clinical and by exclusion, based on established criteria. Recommendations: The episodes usually respond to prednisone and, in varying levels, cimetidine and colchicine. Refractory cases and accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy are candidates for tonsillectomy, and should be referred to otorhinolaryngological evaluation.

In spite of the demonstrated benefits, the question of HPV massive vaccination is still subject to intense discussions and controversies. The protection against cancer is still unproven and need more time to be accurate about the quantification of the decrease in cervical cancer. The analysis of HPV vaccine relevance is very complex due to several overlapped levels to be considered. The authors analyze many of the ethical, sociological, economic, political and finally scientific issues involved. The population trust in vaccines has been affected owing to dubious practices of many pharmaceutical companies. Faced with this manipulation of information on a worldwide scale, general practitioners have organized themselves to fight this uncertainty. Quaternary prevention, a concept supported by the World Organization of Family doctors, advocates the application of ethically acceptable procedures in health care. This opinion article addresses some of the multiple dimensions involved to encourage reflection on this issue.

The concept of five-year prevention puts the quality of life of professionals in the perspective of the care provided to the patient. Data on the prevalence of burnout syndrome among health professionals have been considered alarming. This article raises the possibility that the essential basic condition for the emergence of burnout is the integration into abusive relationships, that is, relations characterized by inequality between the two poles where there is no opportunity for professionals to activate their roles of expression, creativity, recognition or self-knowledge at every moment. Knowledgeable, well-known professionals who freely express their ideas and needs are likely to be professionals who will make more assertive, thoughtful decisions and with fewer mistakes in caring for others.

The use of Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAV’s) is progressively shifting from military missions to civilian applications and becoming a viable alternative for remote sensing and automated thematic mapping. This work presents the concept of Mission-Oriented Sensor Arrays, or MOSA. A MOSA system is composed of a set of sensors and computing devices that are integrated and embedded into an UAV to perform specific missions autonomously, among them, mapping missions. The main objective of a MOSA system is the on-board processing of sensory data, producing real-time, ready-to-use information. MOSA also allows the reduction of information traffic on the often limited communication channel between the aircraft and the ground station. Within the MOSA concept, the aircraft is structured as such: mission control (MOSA) and flight control (autopilot). This increases the robustness of the whole system, since it is only necessary to exchange the MOSA to adapt the UAV to a new mission. In this paper we present a reference architecture and a development methodology for MOSA systems. The specification of a MOSA system applied to the mapping of ground-based sound sources is also presented to illustrate the proposed approach. The modeled MOSA is based on the integration of data from a thermal imaging sensor and a tridimensional sensor for the localization of sound sources. The positional information provided by the applied sensors are integrated into a single cartographic base. This article aims the presentation of MOSA systems concept, including architecture, design methodology, and a reference application model for the automatic mapping of sound sources

 Land surveying and geodesic observations evolve at the same pace as the technolo- gy they use. Nowadays, airborne LiDAR measurements have turned into one of the most popular measurement methods. In DEM created by airborne LiDAR data, the height accuracy depends on a several amount of factors. With the appropriate analysis of all error sources in LiDAR measurements, final product’s accuracy could be estimated. The influence of terrain slope and land covers are taken into account in every height accuracy assessment project for DEM generated by LiDAR techniques. But even more important is the accuracy assessment control, which is made by comparing the height data obtained by LiDAR for some control points. These points could exist previously to the work or should be measured for the occa- sion by other techniques. The quality of the DEM accuracy assessment control depends on which control points are used. In this paper the pros and cons of using some points or others for the accuracy estimation of DEM generated by LiDAR techniques are studied. There are three points kinds studied: high accuracy control points measured by GNSS on the field, survey marks previously materialized and DEM generated by classic photogrammetric methodology. The last two are far from the usual procedure and they optimize the control expenses. In the calculation, in- terpolation methods are used, therefore, the influence in the DEM accuracy of one method or other is studied. Putting the errors into tests of normality shows that they do not have this distribution due to the presence of outliers, so the use of robust statistics for the representation of the accuracy is recommended.

Cartographic generalization can be describe as a process which preserves the char- acteristics of the features represented on a map, when its scale is reduced, in a way that the user can easily understand the information presented. It is a process of quantitative and qualitative adaptation. The production of topographic maps in different scales by generalization is performed in many countries, and this makes the production and the actualization of basic maps more efficient. Set in the gener- alization context, this research aims to define a methodology to represent buildings, property boundaries and street features in scale 1:5.000 by generalization of the topographic maps in scale 1:2.000. This was made by the analysis of the feature classes in reduced scale, identification of the representation problems, definition and application of the generalization operators. The results were achieved using ArcMap and the generalization operators of elimination, simplification and amal- gamation. Each one was applied according to the representation problem. Manual generalization it is a subjective and intuitive process, then the results depend on the generalization operators and the degree of their application, and these factors are consequential of the decisions taken by the cartographer. 

Appropriate and high quality Geographic Information is becoming increasingly important. It is essential in all country’s activities, and the Spatial Data Infrastructure plays an essential role when sharing the information. We must generate and maintain it, but we also need to finance it. Usually a cost-benefit analysis in per- formed in order to make decisions regarding the investment in projects on Geogra- phical Information. However, there are some “hidden” costs in the generation of geographic data that are generally not considered in these analyzes, but should be. These are called “Opportunity Cost” and “Cost of Poor Quality”. The opportunity cost is the value of the unrealized best option. If it had not been decided to make the photogrammetric flight in 1966-1967, then, what would have been the impact and the opportunity cost? On the other hand, the costs of poor quality correspond to external faults, those errors incurred by the producer because the external client is being provided with unacceptable products or services. Mistakes in the information provided by the state to a construction company, eventually costed around 15 mil- lion dollars, which could have been avoided if quality mapping had been provided. Both costs can be useful to help making investment decisions. These hidden costs, can they, alone or together with a cost-benefit analysis, be actually used to make investment decisions in Geographical Information? Can these costs, both of poor quality as well as the opportunity cost, be such as to influence that decision? 

Some of the variables that try to represent the environment are difficult to measure, so they are usually estimated using models based on other, spreading the errors in the source data. This article is a bibliographic compilation about the most important aspects to consider analyzing the error propagation in models with spatial inputs and discrete outputs data on environmental variables.  Because these models usually have input as discrete variables, their error sour- ces influence is also analized by error propagation. The most important error sour- ces of this type data input are proper completion of the classes, identification of the category —thematic and conceptual errors—, tracing its edges —cartographic preci- sion and accuracy— and scale, allow for variables in the error propagation analysis.  Once we know the source of the error, then different studies of sensitivity analysis of some models that can serve as reference to the analysis of other discrete environmental variables. Monte Carlo is shown as a suitable method for the analys- is of error propagation for discrete variables, but we have not find literature that compare different methods for the same data set or model. Certain peculiarities of each data model —raster and vector— and its influence on the results are discussed.