Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article refers the situation that use to have the Municipality’s Land Registry of Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico before implement the Modernization’s program in 2009, this process began with a land register diagnosis and an executive project, also contains the benefits of improvement as a result of the modernization in the service development and in tax income.

This document presents, based on studies and articles published in the last eight years, the causes which explains the current increase of the inadequate use of spatial data that is given in the industry, and how the position of the users with respect to the information data quality is a key factor in this problem. It is also proposed how the development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and the application of related European policies (INSPIRE) promote a substantial improvement in the communi- cation of spatial data quality information (data and metadata) and explains how the implementation of a risk analysis (RA) should improve the process, reducing the problems arising from a wrong interpretation of the information data quality.

The CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station), use the GNSS (Global Positioning Satellite Systems) to determinate a high precision point by the observa- tion of the available satellite constellations (GPS, GLONNAS, and the future Gali- leo and Compass/BeiDou). Using a technique called Differential Correction, is possible to eliminate almost completely the influence of the errors produced by the GNSS signals or induced errors. The Differential Correction methods (DGNSS) Post-Process or Real-Time are the most widely used methods. There are other solu- tion type called PPP (Precise Point Positioning), and recently have been presented some progress on PPP in Real-Time: PPP-RTK by different satellites Geodetic Research Agency  The Differential Corrections may be obtained directly from a GNSS receiver or from CORS or from a network CORS, all connected to a Server-Caster via Internet. The customers (rover receiver) use mobile phone technology (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS), a client software to access the Caster IP address, and Ntrip (Net- work Transport of RTCM data via Protocol Internet) to Differential Correction data for GNSS rover receiver. Ntrip is based on HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and has the ability to transmit any GNSS data through RTCM (Radio Technical Commission for Mariti- me Services) messages or raw data. During the SIRGAS (Geocentric Reference System for the Americas) meeting in Montevideo-Uruguay, in May 2008, the Working Group SIRGAS-RT was estab- lished in order to evaluate and promote Ntrip development and research. So far have been implemented Casters-Ntrip Servers in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela and Uruguay, with significant results. Currently SIRGAS-RT is working on regional developments that including neighboring countries CORS networks. Argentina and Uruguay have installed some Experimental Casters-SIRGAS for research and re- gional technology evaluation.       

Implementation of conservation and development in the Amazon borderlands requires effective transboundary coordination. Updated, readily understandable, and transboundary cartography becomes increasingly essential in Southwestern Amazonia as residents and decision makers attempt to mitigate the socio-environmental challenges and impacts in the borderlands. The lack of updated borderland cartog- raphy complicates the planning of development, integration, and conservation projects at a variety of different scales. The Transboundary Geographic Group of Southwestern Amazonia (GTASO) has created a network to continuously exchange geographic information, resulting in a June 2013 workshop and the creation of five transboundary thematic maps of the Amazon regions of Ucayali and Madre de Dios (Peru), Acre (Brazil) and Pando (Bolivia). These cartographic products allow the map reader to interpret the socio-environmental dynamics, and a range of conserva- tion and development projects being formulated in this environmentally, economi- cally, and socially sensitive region. The GTASO initiative identifies the cartographic challenges to be overcome to realize effective transboundary integration within Amazonia.   

This article presents an overview of the experiences over several years of the authors involving the production of tactile graphic representations, with emphasis on creating the symbols (linear, area and point) used to portray geocartographic information. The symbols that are already standardized will be presented, as will the methodologies used for defining and setting them up. Making use of the symbology of tactile maps for tourism as an example, the features necessary for signs to be understood by the users, mainly those who have visual deficiencies, will be discussed.A tactile cartographic product makes it possible for visually disabled persons to have access to geographic information and knowledge by means of the tactile symbols and the Braille text that are included in each of the cartographic products. This type of tactile cartography enables one to portray information in a way that is suitable and understandable for the blind user, which involves using carefully designed tactile symbols. This lets them find, get to know and set up a mental image of the geographic area portrayed.It is important to point out that an adequate teaching of tactile reading and of the Braille language, along with the prior knowledge held by the blind person about the geographic variable portrayed, will make it easier for that person to extract information from a tactile map, from a graphic image or from images in relief

El trabajo en cuestión presenta la producción y el uso de mapas táctiles, centrándose principalmente en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del espacio geográfico a través del tacto. Además de la propuesta teórica y las pautas metodológicas, explica las técnicas para la construcción de imágenes gráficas y cartográficas en relieve. La aplicación práctica resultante de muchos años de investigación en el campo de la cartografía táctil ha traído al texto una base científica en profundidad y, al mismo tiempo, consiste en contenido que es muy accesible para maestros y padres de niños y jóvenes con discapacidad visual. Sin duda, ayudará en la enseñanza de la geografía, mostrando caminos para la percepción, el conocimiento y la representación gráfica. del espacio en el que vivimos. El acceso a la información espacial, por parte de personas ciegas o con baja visión es complejo y requiere atención especial, al igual que la introducción a conceptos geográficos y cartográficos. Este libro presenta estrategias didácticas que permiten la construcción y el uso de mapas táctiles en la escuela y la vida cotidiana, facilitando la verdadera inclusión de personas con discapacidad visual en el mundo de las imágenes.

There has been an increase in the numbers of disabled persons. The effects of this segment has led to special concern in relation to the tourism sector. The fundamental reason justifying the importance of this niche of the market is its trend towards rapid growth. There is a significant market in our country where access to leisure facilities is required and this, doubtless, should be suitably put together for that end.Accessible tourism currently constitutes part of the route charted out by public and private organizations. However, and given the characteristics that tourism activity has, it is needed for all the parties involved to participate actively. This makes it possible for tourism in Chile to develop in this country with an inclusive nature and with suitable interventions that belong and should be carried out. So it is of especial relevance for all sectors to encourage accessible tourism, as the first requirement of a disabled person when going out to travel is to be sure that he/she will be able to access physical surroundings adapted to his/her needs. The bibliography examined and the interviews with users of tourism services have made it possible to obtain information and to make contrasts, providing as a result a first approach towards information that makes clear the progress and the shortfalls or deficiencies that users of inclusive services identify.

El Servicio Geográfico Militar (SGM) de Uruguay es la historia misma de los hom- bres y mujeres que lo integraron. Sacrificio, conocimiento y disciplina, jalonan los primeros 100 años. Su herramienta fundamental para la mejora continua, ha sido su gente, su férrea voluntad de hacer y de sobreponerse a los obstáculos. Ellos, genera- ron el legado, la tradición, a las que se suman las diferentes circunstancias y decisiones que debieron asumir, sus fortalezas y debilidades, sus aciertos y fallos,... los fallos que a todos, nos hace humanos. 

Being the cartography represents the geographic environment, also is what manu- factures our imaginary of the territory. That is why the author raises this representa- tion to include and keep the Americas in the “maps of the world” of Cartography the New World, like the entrance towards the conquest and Westernization. This article includes maps of the sixteenth century, to develop the study and the debate in the design and creation as control strategies, and of power addressed through cartographic silences, framing in the contradiction to magnify and conceal the existence of these new territories, both for their communities and for the ene- mies. Motives that are identified and molding spatial reality, defining the modern man.

There are the need to generate cartographic models faced to the visualization of the daily mobility of the population of Santiago de Chile, which is framed inside the subjective and personal landscape of the above mentioned mobility defines and determines. It is possible to demonstrate a close link with urban problems that they tend to transform in endemic, such as the transport congestion, the demographic concentration and consequently, the decrease of the mobility. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to have information originated from direct sources linked to the cognitive, perceptive and appraisal processes that are deeply rooted in the context of the subjectivity and routine character in which the urban inhabitants take its decisions of spatial behavior.