Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A specific field of image processing focuses on the evaluation of image quality and assessment of their authenticity. A loss of image quality may be due to the various processes by which it passes. In assessing the authenticity of the image we detect forgeries, detection of hidden messages, etc. In this work, we present an overview of these areas; these areas have in common the need to develop theories and techniques to detect changes in the image that it is not detectable of visual way. Most of these methods use mutual information as a basis for image analysis. The satellite images are affected by artifacts, the artifact has a very similar characteristics to those mentioned above, an artifact is a disorder that almost cannot visually observe.

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Phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These microorganisms are divided in purple and green bacteria (sulfur and nonsulfur), All of them are anaerobic and anoxygenic. Purple non sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically the most versatile, they are able to use a broad range of organic compounds as carbon and energy sources; by the other hand, they are chemoheterotrophic in the dark with minimal oxygen quantities. In the last years PNSB has been used in biorremediation, agriculture, biotechnology and medicine. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize purple non sulfur bacteria from la Mixtequilla wetland. It was obtained ten pure cultures of PNSB isolated from water samples collected at the Mixtequilla. Properties such as morphology, pigment and the use of different energy donors and carbon sources were used for characterizing PNSB. Results showed that liquid cultures were red and brown in color; Gram negative rods, and all produce bacteriochlorophyll a. The cultures mainly use as carbon and energy sources to piruvate, succinate, propionate, glycerol, acetate, ethanol and yeast extract; eight cultures use maltose, manose and sucrose; few cultures use lactose, benzoate, methanol and cysteine. According with these properties in the cultures there are members of the Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum and Rhodobium genera.

The sensory evaluation of food is an important tool in the food industry. Sensory evaluation techniques applied to cheeses, cured meats, honey, water, olive oil and wine, can also be used in potential consumers tasting process to determine the perception of the organoleptic characteristics in elaboration of products and commercial products, generating the need to spread the application of nonparametric statistical methods. The purpose of this study is to determine the commercial beer brand with better appearance and flavor using nonparametric multiple comparisons. Trujillo Pilsen, Cristal and Brahma, brands with important acceptance in Trujillo market, were evaluated in appearance and flavor sensory for 60 potential customers using a 5-point hedonic scale. Was applied the Friedman test and multiple comparison tests and tests with a control, the control was Pilsen Trujillo beer. The data were processed by IBM SPSS 19 and Excel. Friedman test showed difference both in appearance (p = 0.000 <0.01) and flavor (p = 0.000 <0.01) between brands, Pilsen Trujillo in appearance and Cristal in flavor. Multiple comparison tests showed similarities between Cristal and Trujillo Pilsen beers in appearance (p> 0.05) and with Brahma beer in flavor (p> 0.05), both inferiors to Cristal in flavor. Was conclude that Cristal beer is the best in flavor and similar in appearance with Pilsen Trujillo, but higher than Brahma in both attributes. Furthermore, the ease application of nonparametric methods for multiple comparisons by ranks, let us to extend its use in sensory evaluation in elaboration of products and commercial products.

Our country has many problems to solve in order to attain its development, and due to the lack of conscious education policies on proper interpretation of our reality. This means that in the popular imagination still reigns beliefs, myths and prejudices that prevent us from having a clear and distinct on their social, economic, political, etc., where the Peruvian population is involved. A signal and displays it, is their lack of knowledge of philosophical thought. Peruvian Education today has many problems, for example, is to restore the course of philosophy in high school. This paper aims at raising awareness of the Pilot Course of Philosophy for Children (FPN) in private schools in Lima (Engineering Consortium). Which was inspired by the Project of Philosophy Matthew Lipman in the U.S. and Carmen Zavala in Peru (Peruvian Society for Philosophical Practice and Philosophical Counseling "SOPECPRAFIL") who began with the first pilot projects of Philosophy in Lima. Therefore, our project aims to contribute to our little experience in the IEP "Engineering." The teaching of philosophy in primary and secondary education is very successful and well received globally but in Peru there was well received thanks to the apathy and the political and social context that crossed (Carmen Zavala's Experience). Accordingly, giving us manifest our educational experience seeks to promote a debate on the scientific community in general on the implementation of philosophy in education in Peru. The purpose of the course Philosophy is alienate the learner with the exercise of our reasoning, giving new conceptual tools for argumentation, educate our spirit of democratic tolerance, ethical practice and research and questioning about their own reality.

The feasibility of a Split-Drain MAGFET as magnetic sensor has been explored with several methodologies, but without simultaneously advantaging more than one galvanomagnetic effect. Unifying theorically and experimentally developed works, continuous analytical models for the relationship between forces acting in the deflection direction and for the Hall angle, as well as design criteria to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET are presented. The proposed analysis shows that it is possible to take advantage of the current-lines deflection and magnetoresistance effects in order to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET. With a Split-Drain MAGFET with a channel considered as a short Hall plate, sensitivities up to 59%/T have been experimentally obtained measuring magnetic flux densities from 90 µT to 275 µT. This is possible due to the contribution of the two considered galvanomagnetic effects. Additionally, a SPICE macro model for a SplitDrain MAGFET is proposed to facilitate its use in more complex circuits. With respect to the obtained experimental results, the proposed SPICE macro model has an error <1.6 % generating the drain current imbalance. Since a Split-Drain MAGFET is compatible with CMOS technology, dominating in integrated circuits, the obtained results show that it is feasible to use it as magnetic sensor in CMOS integrated systems of high complexity, which opens a wide range of low cost applications.

The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric profile (n=82): body shape, body composition and proportionality, and the social profile (n=71), socioeconomic status, of high level Peruvian junior athletes according to their level of performance (national and international level). It also establishes correspondences between athletics events, level of performance, the anthropometric profile and the social profile of these athletes. The results show that the sprinters and jumpers were predominantly mesomorphic. National long distance runners were mesoectomorphic. It was noted that while the performance level increases, the sprinters decrease their amount of body fat. In the jumpers, the fat mass and skin mass decrease while the competitive level increases. National long distance runners have a lower subcutaneous adiposity compared to the sprinters. Compared with other events (national sprinting, national jumping and national long distance running), the throwers are physically larger and heavier. Peruvian junior athletes mainly belong to the socioeconomic level A. In conclusion, the Peruvian junior athletes are divided or categorized morphologically and socioeconomically. Peruvian athletes that are close to the morphological and social characteristics of international and olympic athletes will be better chances to succeed at the high level.

In this paper, we study the effect of sloshing in a compartment of a naval artifact. The sloshing is of great importance in the dynamics of ships and offshore platforms, it is one of the factors that may cause the capsizing. This happens when the ship is under undesirable conditions, such as progressive flooding or fault conditions. The goal is to represent numerically the effect of sloshing. The numerical code is validated through comparisons with numerical and experimental data obtained in the literature. The numerical model is based on the finite difference method, where the Euler equations are solved using the upwind scheme and TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) Roe (1984) and Sweby (1984). The computer code for 2D represents the effect of sloshing in a closed vessel. To adequately represent the reservoir of the naval artifact, we used a structured computational mesh, where the fluid is forced to move by the excitation applied to the tank, this type of excitation is harmonic in sway. For the 3D computer code, a sloped free surface elevation is used as initial condition. Another attempt to realize the versatility of the computer code was the fall of a sphere of water on the free surface of the tank.

In the present work there was investigated the Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.), gathered near Chinchaycocha's lagoon (Carhuamayo – Cerro de Pasco), to an altitude of 4100 msnm. To 240 grams sample, it surrendered to an extraction acetonic for maceration; one separated diverse components of the extract, using the chromatography in column, with the system chloroform - acetone increasing the quantity of acetone; then, the obtained fractions they purified using chromatographic techniques and recrystallizations Finally, they were elucidated and there decided the structures of the obtained solids, analyzing his spectran of IR, H1NMR, C 13NMR, and MS; these are: usnic acid and parietin.

The localization problem is of great interest to establish the optimal location of the different demands in the state or private sector. The model of this problem is generally reduced to solve a mathematical optimization problem. In the present work we present a proximal optimization method to solve localization problems where the objective function is non differentiable and quasiconvex. We prove that the iterations of the method are well defined and under some assumption on the objective function we prove the convergence of the method.