Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La salud bucal influye en la salud general particularmente en los niños y jóvenes, aún en  crecimiento y desarrollo. El Programa Nacional de Atención Estomatológica Integral a la Población los considera grupos priorizados; se ha demostrado que el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de una sociedad está relacionado con los niveles de salud que se alcanzan en la población infantil. Estos  motivos sustentan el diseño de la Maestría en Odontoestomatología Infanto Juvenil que se imparte en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Es objetivo de los autores socializar sus buenos resultados, obtenidos con la influencia de un colectivo pedagógico con altas categorías  académicas y científicas, quienes han conducido a los maestrantes hacia el logro de una producción científica reconocida; lo cual ha tributado a  la  certificación de esta forma de superación profesional, la primera de las ciencias médicas villaclareña en alcanzar esta condición.  

Fundamento: la descentralización de la enseñanza durante la educación en el trabajo involucra a muchos profesores en diferentes escenarios docentes lo que requiere de uniformidad al evaluar y controlar esta actividad.Objetivo: diseñar un modelo para facilitar el control y la evaluación de las actividades en la educación en el trabajo y con ello garantizar la uniformidad de criterios de los docentes sobre las competencias necesarias en el futuro profesional de Estomatología.Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el periodo escolar 2016-2017. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: análisis documental, entrevistas a profesores de la asignatura y entrevista a informantes clave. El producto fue valorado por criterio de especialistas.Resultados: el plan de estudio D promueve el vínculo de la teoría con la práctica que se concreta en la educación en el trabajo y el programa de la asignatura Ortodoncia declara los objetivos y el sistema de habilidades. Se constató falta de uniformidad por parte de los profesores para el registro y control de las actividades durante la educación en el trabajo. La entrevista a informantes clave confirmó esta insuficiencia y evidenció la necesidad de diseñar un modelo que unificara los criterios docentes sobre la evaluación.Conclusiones: el modelo diseñado constituyó una herramienta de utilidad para los profesores en los distintos escenarios docentes. Los especialistas valoraron el producto como pertinente, útil y factible de ser aplicado.

Background: the scientific training of the new Dentistry teachers has to be accompanied by a pedagogical preparation, particularly in the general and particular didactic of the medical sciences.Objective: to characterize the pedagogical training and upgrading of   new teachers of the Dentistry degree in Villa Clara.Methods: the descriptive research was developed in the Dentistry Faculty, Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to July 2017. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: observation, interview, survey in the form of a questionnaire and the triangulation of the results.Results: it was found that the majority of sampled teachers are dentists who teach part-time, they received the module of pedagogy during the specialty, but less than half of them have received the Basic Course of Pedagogy and the diploma of Higher Medical Education, In addition, other overcoming activities have been missed, such as courses, lectures and workshops aimed at teaching professionalization, that´s why they report deficiencies in their teaching actions.Conclusions: the characterization of new teachers has shown that they have learning needs, mainly in the area of didactics -general and particular- which is the basis for the need to develop and carry out a professional upgrading program to this respect.

This essay is based on a question that seeks to find a critical deepening around the investigation of a type of rationality that inhabits modern education and that in our research we have chosen to call evaluative reason. The Deleuzian reflection on the control societies, subsidiary of Foucault’s notion of disciplinary societies, will be a phagocyte reference point to introduce us to the question of this type of rationality that, as we analyze here, also harbors characteristics of the so-called pastoral power in intimate relationship with the contemporary configurations of capitalism. It will be offered a provisional definition of the evaluative reason, in the light of the own analyzes that involve notions such as those of discipline, technologies of government, normalization and biopolitics–which we will rethink here–to advance in a more complex look that relates the ethical, the political, the social, and the economic, with the philosophical-educational, aspects of our approach as a way of approaching the nexus that this rationality sketches between education and the current control societies. In this way, the evaluative reason will open up as an ethical-political problem that is fundamental to address since: a) it has been historically configured in such a way that it crosses and bases practices, technologies and devices; b) with more and more subtle vigilance and increasingly justified sanctions in their “pedagogical” eagerness, it stands between monitoring and calculation that reduce all power of otherness; c) it has a racist dimension whose versatility allows it to move between normalization and normation; d) it helps multiply the market model by setting procedures that place the subject as a self-entrepreneur. Finally, the lines of this analysis hope to become clues to elucidate new forms of resistance and re-existence against the contemporary evaluative compulsion.

El artículo plantea una reflexión sobre el bilingüismo en Costa Rica a la luz de las últimas versiones del Estado de la Educación Costarricense (2011, 2013, 2015 y 2017). Se analizan los aportes exitosos de varias investigaciones nacionales e internacionales en donde se propone la traducción pedagógica como técnica efectiva para el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas. Así mismo, se hace un recuento de los principales hitos históricos de la traducción en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas. Existen valiosos programas en el MEP, colegios, escuelas y universidades públicas y privadas, pero hay una tendencia a asociar el uso de la traducción en la enseñanza únicamente con el método gramatical. Estudios posteriores podrían orientarse a comparar los avances entre poblaciones que han adquirido el idioma como segunda lengua y que han trabajado por un período corto de tiempo en un centro de llamadas, en turismo, o en actividades de la vida real, en donde tiene que traducir o interpretar en modo real, en comparación con los que no.  

TThe program called “Assistance and Effective Access to Higher Education” (PACE) aims to provide an opportunity to continue studies at a higher education institution to high school students attending educational establishments with high levels of social vulnerability. The PACE is designed to work with students from eleventh grade, providing them with vocational guidance and supporting their secondary academic formation. This study describes the results of a characterization of pedagogical practices of language arts and mathematics classes, developed in 15 high schools from Biobío region, Chile. The pedagogical practices of 58 participating teachers were characterized throughout in-class observations. The PACE UCSC advisor team and each classroom teacher used the observation results to design an action plan directed to develop effective teaching methodologies.

One of the missions of the XXI century university is to train professionals to know how to respond to social demands. In this sense, education for global citizenship contributes to social transformations while enhancing the integral learning of students by establishing relationships between what is taught in classrooms and social reality. This article presents a series of social thematic activities framed in cooperative learning in an English language subject. These activities will be described, as well as the main social skills that students acquire with them, such as communication, cooperation, and empathy. The didactic proposal presented is intended for the students not only to acquire content, but also to acquire competences so that their formation is integral. The methodology used has followed a qualitative-descriptive model. Moreover, a survey was prepared in order to know students’ opinion on some aspects of the teaching-learning process, and to find out if there was any contribution to the formation of global citizenship. This survey was designed taking into account the notes that the teacher had taken in class by observing if the students carried out a relationship between the proposed social activities and the acquisition of social competencies. The data were collected at the end of the semester anonymously, and analysed in a manual manner. The results show that the majority of the students believe that they have grown as global citizens by being aware of social realities distinct from their own, and empathize with unfair situations. This study reveals that basing the subject on social content not only contributes to the acquisition of competencies but also to increase students’ social and global education.

This research aims to analyze if there is a profile of the students who win the “Extraordinary Prize of Secondary Education” (ESO) in Galicia (Spain). For this, the results of the totality of the students who competed for this prize will be compared according to their gender, habitat, ownership, and the level of formation of their parents. The initial working hypothesis was that if there would be no significant differences either in the group that opts for the prize, or between those who win it –6.57% of the students competing–, because they are the students with the highest academic performance. In order to analyze these profiles, the study considered the performance in all the subjetcts of the Extraordinary ESO Prize of the 1,522 students who participated in the contest for the period 2008-2013 in Galicia (Spain). The main conclusion is that the initial hypothesis is not fulfilled, given that the variables analyzed do influence the performance of the students who compete for the award. Gender has influence on all subjects, favoring male students; habitat does on 57% of subjects, ownership on 42.8%, and parent education on 85.7%. Bearing this in mind, the profile would be that of a student from a private and urban school, with parents with higher education.

The acquisition of skills for reading comprehension is essential in today’s society, because it is not only a way of learning new contents, but also a necessary element to be inserted in life in society. In this article, we propose to investigate the impact of reading comprehension skills on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students from ten schools in a commune of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. A quantitative methodology was used. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlations, and hierarchies. It is intended to get a conclusion and to know the skills that have the greatest impact on the results obtained by the students in the tests indicated above and with that, to give guidelines for the strengthening of more realistic reading comprehension abilities.