Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Aim. This article focuses on adolescents’ perceptions regarding the use of social media. Specifically, it mainly aims to determine which aspects related to social media are of concern to adolescents from A Coruña (Spain). Method. The study was conducted using a quantitative methodology with a non-experimental design of the ex post facto type and a questionnaire that 1144 adolescents from 4th ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) answered. Results. The result shows that addiction and deception are the issues of greater concern. Furthermore, there are significant differences between the participants: women are more aware of the risks, and men, with a low academic performance profile, are more daring and feel more conditioned in their mood depending on the social media they use. Conclusions. Young people do know the dangers of social media are reluctant to publicly expose their families, and express different perceptions about their own image and that of their friends.

This research addresses the current state of habeas corpus in Ecuador and Colombia, as well as the liberty action in Bolivia, established as a right and jurisdictional guarantee. Considering its evolution throughout history, a chronological route of Rome, England, Spain and in some Latin American countries was carried out in order to understand the need for its recognition in the legal system of each State. To this end, after identifying its constitutional recognition, the object, scope of protection and procedural reality were analyzed on the basis of the study of the legal provisions and norms of each State; as well as, the development of its highest constitutional justice administration bodies, also known as the closing bodies in the mater. In this sense, it was possible to recognized the rights that are mainly protected through this guarantee, such as freedom of movement, physical integrity, and life; however, there are related rights such as health and dignity, for example, that are also protected, which varies according to the state under analysis. Finally, in addition to establishing similarities and differences, it was possible to find some problems and challenges of habeas corpus and action for liberty, which, in a certain way, limit greater effectiveness in practice.

The article offers a proposal of interdisciplinary tasks as conception didactic to improve the quality of the formation of Engineers of the Higher Polytechnic Institute of Huambo - Angola, taking advantage of the potential of the content system of the Mathematical I and Physics I disciplines. An analysis of the potentialities offered by the tasks with an interdisciplinary approach is carried out, and it also identifies the most appropriate ones to be used to achieve higher levels of learning in accordance with the objectives of the Ministry of Education in current Angolan society, thus intensifying and activates the participation of students, systematically modifying the different learning situations that are presented to them.

Introdução. Um dos fatores mais relevantes na incorporação ao curso superior, no desempenho educacional e para o futuro profissional dos estudantes universitários, é a motivação.  Objetivo. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver uma revisão sistemática da literatura que estuda a motivação nesses alunos e determinar os fatores relacionados a ela e os instrumentos utilizados para medi-la. Metodologia. Para esta pesquisa, foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus os termos (em espanhol e inglês) motivação e estudantes universitários, selecionando-se 66 artigos revisados entre 2009 e 2019, sendo o critério de seleção estudos quantitativos com caráter pré-experimental ou quase experimental, delineamento experimental, transversal e com dados estatísticos suficientes para realizar a análise. Resultados. Produção científica em este campo tem um caráter ascendente. Os estudos foram realizados predominantemente com alunos de diferentes graus universitários. Discussão. A presença ou ausência de motivação corresponde às tendências de procrastinação. Conclusão. Portanto, vale destacar a importância da pesquisa e intervenção sobre a motivação dos estudantes universitários, para melhorar o seu desempenho acadêmico.

Introduction. Looking close at the philosophical orientation of institutions and educators allows the examination of whether teaching practice, in this case, higher education, is consistent with the purpose of education. Objective. In the interest of gaining a historical understanding of the role of the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica (UNA) in adult education in Costa Rica, this essay aims to analyze philosophical perspectives by drawing on relevant written documentation. Discussion. This institution is currently one of the five public universities in Costa Rica and has a robust student funding system. Under its necessary university principle, students with different economic and social statuses have access to high-quality post-secondary education. Having a clear educational philosophy is vital as it helps examine the educators’ and the institution’s practice critically. This essay gives a broader understanding of the philosophical perspectives behind the teaching and learning practices proposed by UNA’s core guideline, the Pedagogical Model (PM). Conclusions. As final conclusions, it can be stated that this institution has lost its driving humanistic perspective, established in the first Organization Statute. In addition, on a sad note, Nuñez’s founding philosophical orientation and goals for UNA are partially accomplished since even though there is an accessible education for all, teaching and learning practices do not guarantee any commitment to social action and social reform.

Introduction. Contemporary educational policies for school systems emphasize the evaluation of educational quality through results obtained from standardized tests or performance indicators. Purpose. To develop a problematization of the operationalization and standardization of the notion of quality in school education, taking as a case study the decision of the Chilean Educational Quality Agency to introduce indicators of personal and social development.  Discussion. The essay uses the notion of audit culture from the socio-anthropological literature and the reflections of Hannah Arendt in order to problematize the use of indicators in the field of educational policies for primary and secondary schools. In the first instance, it is argued that these evaluation indicators are framed in what the scientific literature has defined as an “audit culture” and, in particular, in an aspect of it that has been coined as the “indicator game.” In the second instance, it is argued that these indicators are insufficient to account for personal and social development; this is shown by proposing a substantive definition of school education obtained from Hannah Arendt: a phenomenon that inserts the novelty represented by the students into the world. Conclusions. These measurement indicators of quality inevitably reduce the phenomenon to be measured. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the attention of educational policies to a substantive aspect such as personal and social development can be used to discuss what school education we are thinking about and designing.

Objective. To analyze the debate on the construction of the object of the social sciences and its implications in the training of teachers. Discussion. At first, a conceptualization of the social sciences is proposed by defending the juxtaposed ontology of its object; likewise, epistemological and methodological considerations are debated in terms of totality. Then, it is reflected on the place of the subject who practices the social sciences and its consequences in the production of knowledge. Finally, considerations are raised on the training of teachers in social sciences. Conclusions. The curricular design to train teachers in social sciences must go through the construction of spaces that lead to two actions: first, to problematize aspects of reality without being reduced to compartmentalization of the departments; and second, to generate an epistemological awareness that leads them to account for their order of intellection or policies of interpretation in the production of knowledge.

Introducción. La mayoría de los trabajos académicos sobre capacitación de extensionistas suele abordar el tema tangencialmente, de manera puramente teórica o centrándose en casos específicos. El presente trabajo se propone describir, caracterizar y analizar las capacitaciones que reciben extensionistas rurales de Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala y Uruguay. Metodología. Se entrevistó a 133 extensionistas en el marco de 68 entrevistas individuales y 18 grupales. Las mismas fueron transcriptas y sometidas a análisis de contenido utilizando software Atlas.ti. Resultados. Las personas extensionistas reciben capacitaciones productivas y de metodologías de extensión, aunque son fundamentalmente estas últimas las que encuentran insuficientes. Valoran especialmente las capacitaciones prácticas y las metodologías participativas que permiten el intercambio de experiencias entre pares. Las personas entrevistadas destacan la necesidad de que las instituciones de extensión apoyen la formación de sus técnicos y desarrollen un plan sistemático de capacitación donde se incluyan tanto temas productivos como de metodologías de extensión. Se reclama que las capacitaciones sean prácticas, participativas, con temas actualizados y con suficiente profundidad. Discusión. Los resultados del estudio coinciden con diferentes investigaciones. Su principal mérito es analizar la situación en diferentes países, yendo más allá de casos puntuales. Se recomienda profundizar en el estudio del impacto de los marcos institucionales en las prácticas de capacitación de las instituciones de extensión rural.

Objective. This work consists of a state of the question created to understand how teaching practices guide the development of the training process for the completion of the professional profile in engineering careers. Analysis. Writing this paper began with a bibliographic review of academic articles from the best-positioned journals in engineering education, considering publications from 2008 to 2018. Subsequently, in the selected publications, common lines of research are determined. In each of these, coincidences and differences in the theoretical and methodological approaches and the main findings are identified. Results. This article includes a discussion on the characterization of competencies or attributes in the engineering knowledge area and the identification of two important lines of research: the implementation of teaching practices for the development of specific competence and the understanding of the actors’ beliefs regarding the development of competencies or attributes. These lines are related since they can be considered as stages of a systematic improvement process for teaching practices based on the feedback obtained from the various perceptions of the actors. However, it is identified that they have not been addressed in an integrated manner from empirical research yet. Conclusions. Based on the findings and good practices identified through the analyzed empirical research, a model of teaching practices can be proposed for result-based accreditation, which includes a cycle of integration of the attributes comprising an improvement process where three pillars stand out: theoretical bases, teaching and learning, and the evaluative framework.

Objective. To analyze the worldviews of the Pachamama, collective minga, popular religiosity, Pastuso’s tales, and Carnival of Blacks and Whites in the context of Los Pastos to consolidate the culture of peace within the framework of the final agreement for the termination of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace. Method.  An investigation with a qualitative and ethnographic approach was conducted to describe the lifestyle, understanding, and interpretation of human and social reality and its educational implications in various settings. A select group of teachers was chosen for in-depth interviews, as well as peasants and indigenous people for informal interviews; besides, participant observation was implemented in municipalities of Pastuso descent. The information was structured in four inductive categories in the qualitative data analysis program Atlas.Ti. Results. The main results indicate that worldviews could be necessary and pertinent theoretical-practical references for the resolution and transformation of conflicts and the education and consolidation of the culture of peace. Conclusions. Conceptual references are important to value economic, social, and cultural collectivism; preserve balance, harmony, reciprocity, and complementarity; promote the social fabric, survival, and good living; and manage partying, good humor, and happiness. It is recommended to know the ethnic-cultural contexts to offer a comprehensive, libertarian, emancipatory, and contextualized education.