Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work explores some of the most relevant legal considerations on the relationship between encryption of private communications and some constitutional rights, with a focus on Chilean law. We maintain that there is an unresolved tension in the role of the use of communications encryption tools with respect to the exercise of these fundamental rights and public security. To do this, after briefly introducing the concept of encryption, we review the bases of the regulatory debate in the United States, essentially contained in its rules on intelligence and export control of encryption tools, and synthetically review the American constitutional debate. Regarding the European Union, we identify the main legal and political elements that are influencing the community’s pre-regulatory debate. Next, the main legal aspects involved in the use of encryption tools are characterized.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the terminology with which Indian people was identified, through a selection of sources for the knowledge of Indian law, amongst them legislation, documents relating to the implementation of law, memorials and reports submitted to the Spanish king. These are concepts loaded with legal significance, often with pejorative connotations that undervalued the capacities and competences of the Indigenous population. The limitation of rights, and in particular privileges and exemptions reserved to the Spaniards, could have its cause in this fact. The importance of the assignment of certain adjectives and names constantly in the genesis of the Indian citizen’s imaginary is evidenced in the process of building an American policy and, especially, in the Spanish constitutional process in the early nineteenth century. 

This study presents a qualitative research based on the psychoanalytic theoretical framework with the purpose of realize an analysis of the 101 audios published by the IDL Reporteros website, about corruption in the Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura of Perú. The psychoanalytic framework allows to analyze the presence of unconscious mechanisms inscribed in the instituted links between the main characters of these audios, also called «hermanitos». The research presents a route of the psychoanalytic ideas related to group and institution phenomena, from Sigmund Freud to contemporary authors like Kaës and Ulloa. Freud’s work allows to analyze unconscious mechanisms like projection, idealization and identification. Kaës proposes group mechanisms like denied pact and narcissistic contract, and Ulloa highlights the tragic entrapment, an institutional and social device that perpetuates cruelty where there’s no other that intercede. The results show the emergence of eight categories obtained through thematic analysis. Based on the results, we describe the functioning of the power structure of the hermanito’s group, maintained on corruption and an excessive seizure desire and exploitation of others, characteristic of omnipotent fantasies expressed on denied pacts or agreements that pretend to be above civilization and its discontents. About its functioning, we can remark a common language and speaking in code that brings cohesion to the group and allows observing the relationship between subjects. The group reflects a vertical power structure in which subordinates are exploited and forced, as well as dependents. In it stand outs unconscious alliances with evident family springs that ensure its continuity by activities of enjoyment and exclusivity. Likewise, external threats generate paranoid fantasies that reinforce speaking in code, as well as place out a persecutor that threats the perpetration of this structure.

This article constitutes a contribution to the processes of peace consolidation developed during post-conflict scenarios. In this vein it proposes a path that allows to truly materialize the transformative effect of integral reparations, in particular in traditionally unequal societies, where victims of serious violations of human rights usually are members of the most marginalized and vulnerable groups. It starts from the idea that transitional justice is a process of political, social and cultural transformation, so that the reparation of that sort of violations must be designed and developed in such a way that it contributes to the transformation, avoiding being itself a generatorof new social gaps. Therefore, the classic approach of reparation measures, based on pure corrective justice, must give way to the need to change the structural causes of the conflict and open the way for a transformative reparation founded on a concept of social and distributive justice.

The starting point of this paper is based on the interrelation between the political and legal elements that make up and sustain the global trade governance, understanding that it is linked to environmental law and tax law. These subjects are linked each other with the international trade and, at the same time, they are interlinked through the international trade. Our purpose is to determine the dialogues that emerge from these relationships.

Through the present work we intend to reconstruct and criticize José Juan Moreso’s proposal of contextualist universalist specificationism as a method of conflict resolution between principles with the aim of showing its methodological problems and limits. We will focus our approximation as to whether it does not produce norms that are not defeasible and if it provides an adequate mechanism for the selection of properties relevant to the construction of antecedents of norms.

Starting from a critical analysis of The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention), the article deals with the issue of violence against women in two respects. In particular, on the one hand, it underlines the structural and (trans)cultural character of violence against women as a worldwide social and political problem. On the other, it focuses on the specific issue of violence against women in the multicultural contexts of European immigration countries, calling for a deeper investigation on the best instruments (beyond criminal law only) to grant the protection of the rights of women belonging to cultural minorities.

This work aims to reconstruct the state of the art in the field of the theory of principles, understanding by this an analytical theory oriented to explain the logical structure of this kind of norms. We aim to corroborate two hypotheses. The first one states that the classificatory difference’s thesis between principles and rules has not been refuted by any argument or counterexample so far. The second one claims that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the question about how the concept and structure of principles should be represented remains unanswered.