Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this paper we will analyze the National Social Assistance Policy and the BolsaFamilia Program, in their interaction with the different spheres of public administration and society, in order to identify their possible positive impacts on poverty reduction. In order to better understand public social assistance policies, we base this work on the perspective of social rights, understood as elements inherent to democracies and with the capacity to emancipate and reinforce citizenship. In its approach, this research is based on qualitative-quantitative study. Qualitative, since it seeks to know aspects and functioning of the country’s Social Assistance policies and, quantitative, for investigating the process of distribution of these services between 2016 and 2017 in Brazil. Our conclusions allow us to identify how certain public policies, in spite of being important, are susceptible to governmental decisions that could mean their demobilization, compromising efforts to combat social vulnerabilities.

This study investigated stress conditions in public servants in the city of Salvador, and their interference with parental involvement. There were 30 (thirty) civil servants from the aforementioned city who participated in the work, they are parents of children aged zero to five years, with a higher educational level. They also filled out two instruments prepared by the researchers, “A Form for the Collection of Socio-Demographic Data” and “The Questionnaire on Sources of Stress in Everyday Life”, and completed the “Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults”. There was statistical analysis of the data. In the results a 54.0% of the respondents considered that their daily lives were impregnated with stressful sources, distributed in the following areas: family, work, health and contemporary society, while the health aspect concentrated the greatest number of stressful sources (39.6%) that interfered in a more negative way with parental involvement (54.5%). 53.3% of parents experienced stress, highlighting symptoms such as muscle tension, insomnia and irritability.  It concludes that it is necessary to implement programs that favor the reconciliation between family and work, promoting the quality of life of parents and involvement with their children.

The characteristics of the subcontracted work of hygiene personnel in a Chilean state university are presented. With a convergent mixed research design, the findings show high levels of psychosocial risk in the SUSESO/ ISTAS21 questionnaire, in addition to the following discursive categories: (1) problems of economic income, (2) loss of control over the labor relationship, (3) demands and low institutional support, (4) exercise of labor rights, (5) individual responsibility and uncertainty in the construction of the life project. It is concluded that labor subcontracting produces precariousness and segmentation of the work group, negatively affecting the health and subjectivity of the workers.

This article seeks to discuss the binominal system by three aspects: its origin, its operation, and its end. In the first place, there is a historical digression that addresses the origin of the binominal system, considering its formulation and the objectives for which it was designed in order to find out whether the binominal system is capable of fulfilling them. In a second stage, the main criticisms made to the operation of the binominal system are explained, and some empirical data are presented which clarify the debate on these criticisms. In a third moment, the alterations made in the Chilean electoral system with the approval of Law nº 20.840 are explained in order to later verify if this new model to be inaugurated in 2017 succeeds in giving corrective answers to the problems previously identified in the functioning of the binominal system towards Chilean democracy.

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The present work tries to understand the stratification of international hierarchies through the socialization dynamics that intersects political and economic structures of differentiation in interstate relations. The study of the nexus between politics and economics is hardly new in International Relations. However, the understanding of economic and political structures in a discreet way, without reducing one to the other, is something that discipline is lacking in its theoretical literature. To fill this gap, structural realism is reinterpreted in the light of the recent debate on the sociological conception of structures as subsystems of differentiation between the actors of a given social system. The conceptual framework of the theory of structural differentiation is used as a language to understand and characterize the socialization configured among structures of asymmetries, such as those of political and economic nature. Thus, the socialization nexuses emerging from international social transactions of political and economic nature are discussed considering their role in the constitution of the contemporary state system and its structuring effects on the international system.

This article analyzes the international protection of human rights, in the field of action of International Institutions, based on a case study that aims to identify policies and obstacles related to the protection of internally displaced persons in Colombia. Thus, this study is guided by the question: what are the policies and problems related to the international protection of internally displaced Colombians? The article starts from the premise that the wave of intrastate conflicts that emerged in Colombia accentuated the complexity and persistence of forced migration, shaped, in particular, by the flow of internal displacement. In this context, we conclude that the performance of international institutions in the international protection of internally displaced Colombians is limited and presents many flaws, given that UNHCR has not yet managed to develop a more consistent coordination and because humanitarian agencies do not have sufficient planning and resources to cover the action plan for assistance to internally displaced persons.

The current conflict between the Western world and “Islamic terrorism” derives from something more than the mere problem of the —tragic and painful— violence these groups use. In fact, the gap that divides them from our societies is a civilizational one as it is created by different and antagonist conceptions of how the social sphere should be organized. There is a clash between a Western modernity and a model of social organization —which is also modern— that does not separate the political, the religious and the social sphere. Nevertheless, the “secularized” Western political concepts may also be considered theological ones, something that creates a clash of “civilizations”, a clash of different models of organization of the social and political sphere.