Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Reseña de: Osgood, Josiah, Roma: La creación del estado mundo, Madrid, Desperta Ferro Ediciones, 2019, 365 pp., ISBN: 978-84-949540-1-6.

-

Elderly people, late diagnosed, have a higher risk of developing AIDS. With a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/ml3, they are on average more likely to die in the first year after diagnosis.  In this sense, the objective of this scoping review is to map evidence related to the associated and risk factors of late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in elderly people, but specifically, this review aims to answer the following questions: What are the associated factors of late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in older people? What are the risk factors for late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in older people? What is the context of late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in older people? This review will be guided by the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute, which will be based on the participants definition strategy, concept and context. The results will be presented by the logical and descriptive summary, presented as a map of data extracted from the articles and aligned with the objective and questions of the scope review. It is expected that this scope review will contribute to the comprehensive analysis of the health care practices of elderly people.

The objective of this research was to identify the framework of occupational competencies in Nursing in specific or complex areas of care, through the mapping technique. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and December 2018, and was developed in several stages: The literature was first searched in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo, and BVS. It was necessary to consider the usefulness and relevance of the topic studied and the way in which it has been addressed in various areas, as well as the impact it has for Nursing in the daily work. Subsequently, we worked on the construction of a matrix, based on the main statements proposed by Mertens and considered four components in Nursing: being, knowing how to know, knowing how to do and knowing how to live together. In a third stage, we worked with 118 nursing professionals from different specialties and specific areas of care, based on the previous matrix as an instrument for data collection. Finally, in the fourth stage, the product generated by the groups of experts in Nursing and the theoretical reference was analyzed. In this manner, the construction of an institutional theoretical framework through a thorough analysis of clinical practice. It concluded that the identification of labor competencies through mapping enriches the understanding of the nature of work and the assessment of the domain of knowledge in the field of care.

The study aimed to evaluate in the scientific literature the impact of educational actions on HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents in schools. This is an integrative review of the literature, carried out in databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Database of Nursing and Collects -SUS, in which 20 articles were searched and included through the following descriptors: Health Education; Adolescent health; HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It was observed that there are challenges in relation to the biopsychosocial factors of the students, some methodologies used and how to evaluate these actions, however it was possible to identify that use the school as the main space of actions and use active methodologies, especially peer education, leads to positive results in reducing risk behaviors, breaking of taboos and prejudices, increasing reproductive health skills and adherence to condom use. The most effective way to achieve positive results in educational actions is through active methodologies in the school environment, with respect to biopsychosocial aspects, to reduce new cases of HIV / AIDS, negative impacts and show the relevance of the knowledge acquired in these actions.

Resumen. El objetivo de esta revisión integrativa fue identificar la mejor evidencia científica que respalda el cuidado de enfermería a las personas que recibe una transfusión de hemocomponentes. La metodología siguió las recomendaciones de Joanna Briggs Institute, partiendo de una pesquisa general para luego redactar una pregunta utilizando el formato PCC (Población, concepto y contexto);  se estableció una estrategia de búsqueda de información en bases de datos, en idioma español, inglés y portugués. Se llevó a cabo la selección y análisis crítico e interpretación de la evidencia encontrada. Se identificaron  un total de (3543) artículos, siendo removidos (3513) por duplicación y excluidos (30) por título y resumen, quedando seleccionados (16). Como resultado se destacan los cuidados de enfermería antes durante y posterior a la administración de los hemocomponentes, relacionados con el receptor, calidad del producto, materiales, prevención y valoración e intervención oportuna  ante eventuales reacciones adversas. Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería establecidos son bastante uniformes en las diferentes guías y protocolos de atención creados en diversas instituciones, por lo tanto se considera esta revisión integrativa como una guía óptima,  para que los  profesionales apliquen las diferentes actividades descritas para mejorar la calidad del procedimiento de  transfusión de hemocomponentes en las instituciones de Salud.  

Health promotion initiatives should be used to develop policies capable of producing changes in lifestyles and prevention of environmental risks through organizational, economic, technological, motivational and educational strategies, keeping as focus the action on the labor environment, in which the workers stand out as protagonists.The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the programs of occupational health promotion implemented with professors of higher education institutions.The review will focus on the following questions:In what domains and / or thematic areas did the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professors?What were the objectives proposed by the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professors?What are the methodologies and / or intervention strategies used by the occupational health promotion programs implemented in higher education professor? Regarding the methodology to develop this protocol, consisting of five steps; the clinical question, search for scientific evidence, critical analysis of the evidence, transfer of evidence and evaluation

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of yellow fever (YF) in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was raised, of type series of cases, with analysis of the notifications of between January 03, 2016 to July 08, 2017. 1,677 cases were reported, with  427 confirmed and 133 dead; with a lethality rate of 31,3%. It happened more in young men, rural occupation and low education. In 2016, 28 municipalities have epizootics and one confirmed death of monkey by YF. In 2017, 182 municipalities have notified and 142 confirmed. In the analysis period, the average vaccination coverage was less than 90% in 96% of Regional Health Units. High percentages of unfilled fields were found. It has a high number of cases in the period analyzed. It is concluded that it is important to consider the epidemiological profile of the disease in the State is important to direct the actions of control, moving efforts to the most vulnerable groups.