Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a battery of images used to induce discrete emotional reactions. In this study an IAPS subsample of 200 images was analysed to elicit discrete negative emotions and propose a new categorization of them, according to which discrete negative emotions (disgust, fear, sadness, or anger) they induce, in contrast to a dimensional model of emotion including emotional valence, intensity, and dominance, usually used in the literature. Through a sample by convenience, 447 participants of 3 universities in Bogotá, Colombia, were recruited and shown 60 IAPS images and asked them to what extent they felt fear, sadness, disgust, anger, happiness, or satisfaction when looking at each image. By using the overlap of 95% confidence intervals of the mean of 6 emotions ratings for every image, results revealed that 51.5% of images induced simple emotions (19.5% fear, 16.5% sadness, 13.0% disgust and 2.5% anger), 43% of images induced complex emotions, including more than one negative emotion, 1.5% emotions mixed one negative and one positive emotion, and 4% were undetermined emotions.

Addiction to cocaine paste is a serious health problem in Chile. Drug addiction is associated with deficits affecting executive functions, which are located in prefrontal regions of the brain. The aim of this study was to compare the neuropsychological performance of a group of cocaine paste dependent individuals receiving treatment in 4 public centers (n = 27) to that of a control group (n = 16). A comparative cross-sectional design was used, with a set of neuropsychological instruments being administered: the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, the Trail Making Test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Verbal Fluency Test, and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. A multivariate analysis of variance was used, controlling for depression level. This procedure revealed that the dependent group performed more poorly on the learning curve and scored higher on the disinhibition and executive dysfunction subscales of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. Overall, results fall in line with the literature reviewed.

This article presents information relevant to mental health professionals who work with adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of natural disasters and who lack specialized training in evidencebased treatments for PTSD. The article presents orientations based on a review of several international guidelines for working with patients with PTSD and the relevant international scientific literature. These guidelines were reviewed by a panel of Chilean experts. The result, which is presented in this article, consists in a series of practical guidelines aimed at psychotherapists who must work with patients with PTSD after natural disasters. Clinical vignettes are presented to exemplify some of these guidelines.

Two experiments analyzed the role of extinction cues (EC) and stimuli associated to them in the reacquisition of conditioned ethanol tolerance. Ethanol-induced ataxia was measured in 80 rat subjects using a tilting plane, in a 5-phase procedure. The first experiment (which used 4 contexts and 40 rats) showed that the presentation of the extinction context by itself diminished the effectiveness of ECs in reducing response reacquisition. The second experiment (conducted in a single context with 40 rats and using 2 stimulus paired for some subjects or explicitly unpaired for others) showed that a secondary cue can reduce reacquisition, regardless of whether it was paired with the EC or not. The results of mixed and factor analyses of variance suggest that ECs affect response recovery through an association with the extinction context; however, a second-order cue associated to an EC appears to be unable to activate this association.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of social norms and cognitive processes in cooperative decisions in a non-probabilistic self-selected sample of Psychology freshmen attending the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Two studies were conducted (Study 1: n = 124; Study 2: n = 104). In both of them a factorial design implemented in 2 phases was used: (a) cooperative environment and non-cooperative environment, using the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) and (b) time response conditions (Study 1) or cognitive load conditions (Study 2). In this stage participants played the Public Goods Game. The level of cooperation in the second stage was the main dependent variable. Student' t test, logistic and linear regression analyses, and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were carried out. The manipulation for generating several social norm environments was not effective. Multiple effects on cooperation were observed depending on which indicators of cognitive processing were considered. The main finding of this study is an interaction effect between the social norm environment and the cognitive load condition in the first PDG round (Study 2).

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on motivation self-regulation strategies in university students. The purposive sample used comprised 315 college students from 2 private universities located in Cali, Colombia. The participants' average age was 19; 51% were women and 49% were men. The original instrument in English (Wolters & Benzon, 2013) was translated into Spanish and underwent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate its construct validity. Results indicate that the adapted instrument also displays adequate indices of convergent and discriminant validity, assessed through correlations with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia & McKeachie, 1993), and internal consistency, to assess 5 of the 6 motivation self-regulation strategies considered in the original instrument. The final Spanish version of the instrument is a useful tool for conducting further research on this topic. Further studies should select larger samples of college university students attending both public and private universities while also conducting analyses of the instrument's predictive validity.

The purpose of this study was to adapt and conduct a psychometric analysis of Ryff's Scales of Psychological WellBeing in a nonprobability sample of Argentinean adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years. The Spanish adaptation by Díaz et al. (2006) of the 39 items version proposed by van Dierendonck (2004) was used. Two studies were conducted: the first (80 adolescents and 20 expert judges) consisted in the adjustment of 11 items and the response format of the Spanish version according to their degree of theoretical consistency, clarity, and linguistic difficulty for Argentina, while the second (825 adolescents) was an analysis of the psychometric properties (internal consistency and construct validity) of the resulting Scales. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 4 factors: (a) Self-Acceptance, (b) Personal Growth and Purpose in Life, (c) Autonomy, and (d) Positive Relationships With Others. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a satisfactory level of fit for the model, which makes it possible to conclude that the adapted 20-item Scales are appropriate for assessing the psychological well-being of Argentinean adolescents.

Risk perception is one of the most relevant factors influencing human behavior and decision-making while driving. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Aversion to Risk Taking Scale in a convenience sample of 447 drivers (54.4% men; age range: 18-78 years) from Córdoba, Argentina. The scale was administered together with measures of driver social desirability, driving self-efficacy, and risky driving. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support the unidimensional structure of the scale, in line with the original version. The internal consistency of the scale was acceptable (ordinal alpha = 0,77). In addition, evidence for concurrent validity was obtained. Scores were correlated with a driver social desirability scale, which yielded null or very weak correlations. Overall, results are satisfactory and support the use of the scale in Argentina. Implications of the study for research on traffic psychology are discussed and suggestions are made for improving the contents of the scale through the inclusion of new items.

In times when the media are an undisputed part of our daily life – leisure, work and even private life are, to a lesser or greater extent, mediatized-, political activity has not remained unchanged. As a result of the decline of traditional organized institutions and the widening of public space because of the appropriation of discourses and technologies by citizens, politics seem to have found a new field in which emplaced and updated: the social networks. In this context, the media coverage of the dispute over power in web environments, that enable instant feedback, is a propitious territory to discuss the modalities of intervention in the political debate. From a sociosemiotic approach, the article studies the senses constructed around the locution Macri gato in Resistiendo con aguante, a Facebook secret group which members line up behind the proposals of the kirchnerista political project. The questions that guide the analysis are:  What rhetoric, thematic and enunciative characteristics do the discourses assume? What senses are configured around the signifier Macri gato? How does the political word appear?

This research paper aims to bring us closer to the series of comics, Ms. Marvel, and focused on their two most controversial points. In the first place, that her superheroine Kamala Khan breaks the tradition of superheroes by the fact of being a woman. And, in a second place, that Kamala Khan besides being a woman, is also Pakistani and Muslim origin. In this sense, we will approach the question of the Islamic diversity in the heroic universe proposed by Marvel Comics and we will examine to what extent the proposed portrait of the protagonist Kamala Khan manages to fight against Islamophobia.