Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

No. 30 (2019): INFODIRPags:Discurso del Dr. José Ángel Portal Miranda, Ministro de Salud Pública, en el Acto de Graduación de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, 18 de julio de 2019.  FUENTE: Ministerio de Salud Pública 19 Julio 2019

No. 31 (2020): INFODIRTranscripción de la entrevista testimonial sobre la práctica de la Salud Pública cubana durante el período 1980-1995.

No. 31 (2020): INFODIRTranscripción de la entrevista testimonial sobre la práctica de la Salud Pública cubana durante el período 1980-1995 a la DraC María Josefina Vidal Ledo.

Introduction: Access and coverage to health services constitute Universal Health, this requires efficient and equitable financing that depends on various economic aspects. Objective: Describe the behavior of economic components of the Costa Rican context that are related to Universal Health. Methods: Critical reading of documents from various entities and scientific articles selected for convenience was made, this was complemented by consulting experts. Results: Economic growth allowed social development, based on the contribution that the Health sector received in a percentage of gross domestic product greater than 6%. Universal coverage is offered, although 5% of the population does not gain access to health services and the perception of service quality declined. More than 20% of the expenses corresponded to the pocket contribution, public spending increased and there were weaknesses in the management of resources that slow down the economy. The public sector has a complex and fragmented composition that generates difficulty in controlling expenses, there is a lack of inter-sector coordination and the assurance of financial contributions for the sustainability of the health system. Conclusions: Social investment leads to universal health in response to the contributions it receives, public sector spending increases with no quality results, out-of-pocket spending is catastrophic and access to medicines could be limited in the future. The state's inability to improve public finances evidences the lack of efficiency in the management of public resources that imposes short-term challenges.

No.28 (2019): INFODIRPags: 171-173Declaración del Ministerio de Salud Pública sobre el Programa Mais Médicos en Brasil. 14 Noviembre 2018

Introduction: The only source of sustainable competitive advantage of an organization is its ability to learn sooner than the competition. The sector of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMES) represents more than 98% of all enterprises and provides more than 70% of employment in Mexico, however, 8 of 10 companies in the sector do not survive beyond two years. The objective of the research was to identify if the companies of the MSMES develop has responsibilities and management in a systematic manner.                    Method: The research work was carried out in the city of Chihuahua between the months of September of 2016 to September of 2017. The population considered in the study were the companies of the MSMES in Chihuahua City. The unit of analysis for the research was the company of the MSME sector which is located in the urban area of the city of Chihuahua. The unit of analysis for the research was the company of the MSME sector which is located in the urban area of the city of Chihuahua. The sampling frame for the second stage was the database of the Business Center of the Faculty of Accountancy and administration of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic and the selection of the sample was voluntary participants since the companies actively respond to an invitation. The sample size was 45 micro and small enterprises.Results: A correlation was found by a logistic regression model where indicators of the variable Administrative Skills showed values p<.05 so they proceeded to generate the bivariate logistic model. The predictive model using a regression shows that the indicators that have the most impact to the Administrative Skills are leadership, use of methods and problem solving among others, so it can be assumed that all the management skills have an impact directly proportional influence on managerial skills with a p<.05. There is a correlation between indicators use of methods and time management, use of methods and troubleshooting, time management and decision-making, decision-making and problem-solving of the variable Project Management skills. According to the study the administrative and management skills are presented in the form scarce and fragmented and develop in nascent form, based on the experience and occasionally by what can be considered as one of the factors that impact on the performance and survival of micro and small enterprises.                   Discussion: It can be considered that there are multiple internal factors that can represent obstacles to the development and survival of the MSMES, that there are different approaches of the administration that can influence in a positive way to favor the permanence of the companies. In that sense the internal aspects are of the greatest importance for the survival of micro and small enterprises because of its size the participation of the entrepreneur and collaborate is inescapable.Conclusion: In the case of micro and small enterprises, in the absence of an administrative structure, the lack of skills rests with the people who belong therefore to the permanence of micro and small enterprises could be systematically develop the administrative and management skills through a continuous process of training through a methodology that also make it possible to capture new knowledge to support continuous improvement of the organization.              

Introduction: Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) has been classified into six lineages using molecular typing markers, which are easily amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The objective of this work was to identify and geographically locate the isolates of T. cruzi that circulate naturally in triatomines of the municipalities of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, through the amplification from the conserved region of the mini-exon gene by end point PCR.                       Method: 170 specimens of hematophagous insects from 14 municipalities from the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, were collected. Optic microscopy and PCR from triatomine fecal and digestive tissue samples were used for laboratory diagnostic of T. cruzi infection and T. cruzi lineage classification. Results: Three triatomine taxas were found: Triatoma dimidiata (87/170), Triatoma mexicana (14/170) y Triatoma gerstaeckeri (7/170). For 36.47% (62/170) of the collected specimens, species could not be determined and were classified as T. spp. T. cruzi infection was determined in 1.76% of the collected specimens through optic microscopy and in 11.18% through PCR. All the classified parasites correspond to the TcI biotype of T. cruzi. Most abundant populations of triatomines (80.58%), as well as, the highest percentage (10.58%) of T. cruzi infected insects, were found in the peridomestic ecotope.Conclusion: The most important vector found in the región of study was Triatoma dimidiata, followed by T. mexicana and T. gerstaekeri and the only T. cruzi biotype found to be infecting triatomines was TcI. The vectors were mainly distributed in the peridomiciliary habitats of the studied municipalities. Results indicate a T. cruzi represents a risk of infection for the inhabitants of the studied regions of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. 

Introduction: Rainfed agriculture is one of the most vulnerable forms of crop to the effects of climate change producing either drought or excess moisture and thus damaging crops and causing substantial economic damage. In developing countries with scarce resources for technological investment, rainfed agriculture is extremely important for the food production. The sowing of seasonal maize in the Bajo Balsas is for self-consumption, thence the importance of identifying climatic hazard indicators that threaten agricultural production of this culture. The purpose of this study was to build and validate climatic hazard indicators considering the different phenological stages of the plant.                       Method: First, we identify the climatic variables and characterize the phenological cycle of maize variety that is cultivated in the region; then we elaborate a database with the following daily and monthly climatic parameters: pluvial precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. We applied data mining with the WEKA software to validate and classify the maize production of 18 years, then, the years were classified by production defining three classes: 1) low hazard: a sinister area from 0 to 10%, without drought reports; 2) moderate hazard: a sinister area from 11 to 50%, with moderate drought reports; 3) high hazard: a sinister area from 51 to 100%, with reports of severe drought.                       Results: We determined ten climatic hazard indicators of which four correspond to the number of days with precipitation lower than zero in the months of June, July, August and September (DDE0jun, DDE0jul, DDE0aug, DDE0sep); two indicators with rainfall equal to 5 mm for June and August (DDL5jun, DDL5aug); two indicators associated with the maximum temperature of July and August (TX38jul, TX38aug), and two indicators with precipitation equal to or greater than 10 mm in October and November (WDH10oct, WDH10nov). The result of the Kappa statistic was 0.91, indicating a high reliability in the classification of three hazardness categories: high, moderate and low.                       Conclusion: The proposed method on the validation of climatic hazard with the WEKA software allowed to identify the most important indicators that affect the maize phenological cycle and therefore its yield; the mathematical validation of the method shows three primary indicators, which indicates that there are primary and secondary variables that determine its climatic hazard. The indicators of climatic hazard were automated and adjusted using ICC® (Indicators of Climatic Change) which offers a useful tool for future research on climate hazard analysis of other rainfed crops.

Introduction: The Cebu Cuba Livestock Improvement Program (PMGC) has a control system based on the individual results of approximately 12,000 purebred females distributed throughout several herds throughout the country. Are recorded in young males, the weaning weight (PD); the live weight at 18 months (PF18), and in the females, calving interval (IPP), calving to conception interval (IPG), number of insemination per conception (NIA); length of gestation (DG) and pregnancy rate to first insemination (TG). However, until now only the PD and PF18 are the highest priority selection criteria. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of these characters and, in accordance with the results, make the PMCG more efficient.Method: A total of 28776 records of IPP, IPG, NIA, TG and PD, from 23808 animal were studied with different mixed linear models with the purpose of estimating the components of (co) variance and the genetic parameters of these characters applying the ASreml3 software (Gilmour et al., 2009)                       Results: Age at birth had a beneficial effect on all traits except NIA. Heritability estimates (h2) for PD were 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.21 ± 0.03 for direct and maternal effects respectively, whereas the genetic correlation between both effects was negative (- 0.57 ± 0.05); The heritability for IPP, IPG, NIA and TG were: 0.10 ± 0.03; 0.10 ± 0.03; 0.11 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.02, respectively. The bivariate models showed increases of 4 to 18% in the h2 for IPP (0.12 ± 0.01); IPG (0.11 ± 0.02) and NIA (0.12 ± 0.03) and close to 45% for TG (0.14 ± 0.04) with respect to those estimated by univariate models. The multivariate models showed an 18% increase in the precision of the genetic values of the bulls. Analysis of principal components showed that the first two eigenvalues (ei) explain 93-99% of the total genetic variance and in a bicarácter evaluation scenario using PD and IPP or PD with IPG, the second component explained about 20% of the variance between the genetic values for these traits. With the use of the coefficients of the second ei as the VG weighting index, it was possible to identify animals that simultaneously improve both the PD and the reproductive traits IPP or IPG.Discussion or Conclusion: The selection by applying the coefficients of the first and second eigenvalues produce positive responses in PD and IPP mitigating the antagonistic effects of direct and maternal effects on weaning weight. It is recommended to treat multivariate models to increase the accuracy of the generic parameters of the reproductive traits due to a better use of the genetic (co)variances with characters of higher heritability level.

Introduction: Dental caries in children is a public health problem of multifactorial origin. Oral hygiene habits are acquired in the first years of life, so the responsible caregiver plays an important role.Objective: To identify the determinants of the responsible caregiver and its relationship with the oral and dental health of the preschool children.Material and methods: We carried out a comparative cross-sectional study in 292 preschool children between 3 and 6 years old, including their respective responsible caregiver in areas of medium and low socioeconomic level in León, Mexico. A questionnaire was applied to those responsible caregivers to identify their educational, socioeconomic level, level of knowledge about oral health care, attitudes, self-efficacy, skills, psychometric characteristics and the cariogenicity category of the preschool diet. The biofilm and CPOD index were measured to the responsible caregivers. To the children, the ceo and ICDAS indexes, biofilm, and the risk level for caries were evaluated.Results: In 87% of the binomials, the responsible caregiver was the mother, with an average age of 31 years and high school education level as the most frequent in 33%. In preschool children the ceo index showed the median of 14 [interquartile range (RIC) 8 and 20]. The ICDAS index showed a median of 3 (RIC 2 and 4). The average overall biofilm was 89% ± 19, mainly due to medium mature plaque in 29% of cases. In 146 (50%), the consumption of cariogenic diet was identified. The factors related to the frequency of caries in preschool children were negatively the age of the responsible caregiver, their attitude, knowledge, self-efficacy and consumption of a cariogenic diet (R2 = 0.13, p <0.0001 for the model). For the intensity of caries, the factors related negatively were the education level of the responsible caregiver, self-efficacy and the granting of a cariogenic diet, as well as the higher age of the preschool children (R2 = 0.075, p = 0.0005 for the model).