Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Helicobacter pylori is a gramnegative bacterium that inhabits the human gastric mucosa. It is one of the causative agents of gastric diseases as gastritis and gastric cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori by the urease test, and its association with gastric pathologies, in patients aged 25-50 years that were treated at the Ecuadorian Institute of Digestive Diseases in Portoviejo, Ecuador, during the year 2018. Association between H. pylori infection and the manifestation of digestive pathologies, and the relationship between both age and gender, and H. pylori infection was evaluated by the Chi-square statistic. Odds ratios were calculated to establish whether the presence of H. pylori was a risk factor for the development of gastric or lower digestive system pathologies. From the patients diagnosed with pathologies of the digestive system, 31.11% were infected with H. pylori, and 24.3% possessed pathologies of the middle digestive tract. An association between bacterial infection and the occurrence of gastric disorders was clearly demonstrated. Moreover, it was established that H. pylori is a risk factor for the appearance of antral ulcer and erythematous pangastritis. The infection is not associated with age or gender of the patients

Lymphopenia has been documented as a marker of severity and complications in the COVID-19 patient. The objective was to determine lymphopenia as a severity parameter in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, by means of an observational, analytical, correlational case-control study, in which 140 medical records were reviewed. Sociodemographic, admission and hospitalization clinical variables, blood count values and serum biomarkers were recorded. Statistical associations were estimated using Chi2 and Student's t-tests, in addition to ANOVA, Pearson's R and receiver operating characteristic (COR) curves, considering significant values of p<0.05. The most frequent gender was male. The most affected age group was 61-75 years old. The most prominent clinical forms were moderate and severe. There were differences between comorbidities and days of hospitalization. When the correlation of the relative lymphocyte value was analyzed, no association strengths were found with the variables, only with the form of clinical presentation (r2: -.290) and the outcome of the disease, the lymphocyte value showed better performance for predicting the outcome of the disease. It is suggested to use the relative value of lymphocytes during the therapeutic management of patient COVID-19

Enterococci have become opportunistic pathogens refractory to antimicrobial pharmacotherapy. In order to identify the species and analyze the resistance of Enterococcus spp to vancomycin and linezolid, 721 strains obtained from patients at the "José Carrasco Arteaga" Specialty Hospital-Ecuador were analyzed between January 2019 and December 2021. The most frequent species was E. faecalis (73.9%), E. faecium (22.6%), other species (3.22%). Significant difference was observed for E. faecalis (p<0.05). The largest number of strains came from hospitalization (44%), emergency (21.2%), outpatient (17.9%) and ICU (16.9%). A significant difference was observed for the hospitalization service (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of isolates (49.8%) was obtained from urine samples, followed by secretions (23.7%) and blood (18.5%). Resistance to vancomycin was 1.8% and corresponded to three E. faecium strains (1 carried vanA and 2 vanB). 1.7% of E. faecalis were resistant to linezolid (5 with optrA gene). Enterococcus spp have an important role as producers of infections in the hospital institution. Although resistance to vancomycin and linezolid is low, routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended to monitor the emergence of resistance

The appearance and spread of multiresistant bacteria is a challenge for public health systems. To analyze antimicrobial susceptibility, categorize multi-resistance and ESBL production, information was collected on bacterial isolates from bronchial secretions of ICU patients, registered at the General Hospital of the City of Piñas-Ecuador (2020-2021). The resistance of the GNB ranged between 62-100%, for III and IV generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. For piperacillin/tazobactan it was 75% in P. aeruginosa and 62.5% in E. coli. A. baumanii was 100% sensitive to carbapenems, for E. coli the resistance was 12.5%. P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae showed values higher than 34% for imipenem and meropenem. Ciprofloxacin resistance was greater than 70%, except for A. baumannii (33.3%). For aminoglycosides it ranged between 33-75%, except for amikacin in E. coli (12.5%). A baumannii presented the MDR pattern (100%), K. pneumoniae(MDR:58.6%; XDR:34.5%; PDR: 6.9%;) and P. aeruginosa(MDR:53.6%; XDR :39.3%; PDR: 7.1%;) showed the three resistance phenotypes. 25% of the isolates produced ESBL, of them. 87.75% corresponded to E. coli and 34.5% to K. pneumoniae. Multiresistance and ESBL production in GNB are problems of great magnitude in Ecuadorian hospitals.

The approach to infectious diseases ranges from identification of the etiologic agent to treatment. In pneumonia, diagnostic tools are diverse; such as computed axial tomography, chest radiography and recently lung ultrasound (LUS), each with advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, we set out to systematically review the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of PU in the detection of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients, and to determine whether it is an optimal diagnostic tool. MEDLINE, CENTRAL and LILACS databases were searched. The quality of the included articles was determined using the "QUADAS-2" tool. The sensitivity and specificity of the UP were 82.8%-100% and 61.1%-98.7%. Chest X-ray sensitivity was 47%-72.7%, and specificity was 50%. Inter-observer agreement was determined with a range for the index κ = 0.79-0.88 for UP. In this study it was demonstrated that the UP used for the diagnosis of CAP has a better performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity; in addition, its low cost, availability, convenience and absence of ionization, ensures the usefulness of this diagnostic tool (PROSPERO ID 332552).

Intestinal parasites represent a major health problem in susceptible populations in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to know through a literature review the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Ecuador. The methodology used was documentary design and descriptive, following the guide of the PRISMA declaration as a search tool in the various databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. After reviewing 15 articles, it was observed that the helminth that was most reported in the three geographical regions of Ecuador was Ascaris lumbricoides. Among the protozoa, the presence of Entamoeba coli was mostly evidenced, followed by Entamoeba histolytica and Blastocystis sp. Most of the investigations were carried out in rural and semi-rural areas, where 53.33% (8/15) were in the Coast region, 40% (6/15) in the Andean region and 6.66% (1/15) in the Amazon region. This review reveals the main intestinal parasites reported in school and preschool children in Ecuador during the last six years and confirms that these parasites continue to cause infections in children. PROPERO ID: 323780

The objective was to determine how teleworking and adaptability to digital change work in the service of an area. For the investigation, the Affiliation and Technical Control in the Promotion and Consulting process (voluntary and independent affiliations) at the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security, Manabí Province was taken, framed by the health crisis due to the COVID 19 pandemic. They used methodological tools, such as: the As/Is service process diagram; the study of time with the individual detailed photograph, and the questionnaire that evaluated the adaptability to change. The results reflect a 100% use of the working day and an imbalance in the processes, since more hours are used than the established working hours (overtime), affecting the well-being of its workers. It is concluded, that technological innovation favors productivity with teleworking.

The existing conditions in the world impose the search for greater effectiveness in the use of energy carriers. On the other hand, every day proactive management control becomes more necessary and essential. Thus, this work was carried out in a hotel in Varadero and its objective is to determine and calculate energy performance indicators in accordance with hotel facilities for tourism. It is based on the application of a set of theoretical research methods that allow the formulation of the necessary indicators and justify taking NC ISO 50001: 2019 as a reference. The energy performance indicators for the carriers of electricity and water are determined; as well as the feasibility of carrying out analyzes that contribute to the best management of the installation and to take measures that allow reacting before negative variations is demonstrated. The behavior for the reference year of all the proposed indicators is determined, in a combination of those that depend on the level of occupation and others that are unrelated to this essential variable in tourism.

Digital marketing is part of the day-to-day business world, due to constant technological advances and radical changes in customer behavior. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze the incidence of digital marketing in the competitiveness of agricultural microenterprises located in the Portoviejo canton. In the study, a descriptive and documentary non-experimental methodology was used, to obtain the data, an interview was carried out with four leaders of agricultural associations that allowed the elaboration of a matrix of internal and external factors where the current situation of the sector is shown. The results obtained reflected that the lack of digital marketing strategies in these micro-enterprises caused the closure of operations of some of them during the pandemic period. It is concluded that the agricultural micro-enterprises of said canton need to have a digital marketing plan that allows them to improve their competitiveness.

The third dimension of the university is associated with its contribution to economic and social development through its relationship with the business and the state and the articulation of the training, research, and innovation processes. Such coordination requires synergy between the different actors. Training professionals: with a high capacity for innovation and the ability to adapt/change the environment requires the best practices associated with this theme. The aim is to synthesize the good practices of the university-company relationship for a successful link in the professional training process. To this end, it delves into the concept of this relationship and the models described in the literature. It obtained a proposal of the steps in which this relationship materializes, its activities to develop, and the expected results of these steps.