Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Nos complace presentar este número 156 correspondiente a los meses de enero a junio de 2019 porque su composición es rica y variada, mostrando cómo a cada paso que hemos dado se consolida la publicación desde esta nueva etapa que inició hace poco más de un año y que lanzó ya tres números.

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Within the cycle of the “Latin American city”, understood as a category of thought that emerged and was held between the end of 1940 and mid 1970’s, in the framework of the urban explosion, to the need to define a continental quality for the city Latin America, the cities and ideas (1976), José Luis Romero, is a key part.  The author studies from the city, the political, economic and social history of Latin America. For it, the categories ciudad-campo, mark Latin American history, and, from them, analyzes the relationship between ideas and the concrete reality. In the chapter “The bourgeois cities”, shows how the period 1880-1930, urban life was a reflection of the appropriateness or not to the new global economy.

This article presents, contextualizes and discusses significant observations of the Uruguayan ambassador to the United States of America contained in a recently found in the Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uruguay document. The same relates to the "delicate circumstances" surrounding the “Guatemala case” at a time when he was elucidating the immediate future of democracy presiding Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, over- thrown shortly afterwards thanks to the military coup orchestrated by the CIA.

This paper focuses on the role played by the presidency of Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) on the deliberate political isolation of Guatemala in international organizations such as the Organization of American Estates (OAS) and ONU ́s security council, achieved through diplomatical maneuvers orchestrated in close cooperation with the American government. The article sustains that brazilian foreign politics at the time were influenced primarily by a strategic relationship with the United States; by a fierce anti- communism prejudice of the brazilian authorities and by the legal tradition of the brazilian diplomacy that sought to strengthen OAS as a means to protect the hemisphere against peronism, the communist ideology and thus the USSR. 

For contemporary historians and researchers it is clear that the Historia de las Indias de la Nueva España e islas de Tierra Firme (1581) by Diego Durán is a fundamental work for the knowledge of the pre-hispanic nahuatl world and the process of evangelization at the center of Mexico in the end from the 16th century. However, few of them have devoted themselves to understanding this chronicle as a historical product. The objective of this article is to explain, from the perspective of historiographical analysis, how the attachment that the Dominican friar had towards New Spain was manifested in his work. First, he praise of the American nature and the virtues of the Indians. Second, in his effort to explain that the Indians of the New World were also sons of God and participating in the divine plan of salvation. In this analysis makes explicit the argue about the Creole feeling that took root in Durán and how this contributes to the understanding of the theological background that allowed him to include the New Spain in the Christian scheme of universal history.

This paper reviews the beginnings of the parish documentation in the Iberian world, and the significance of these records for the study of ancient society.  It then explains the existing classification in former times linked to the birth of a person, arriving finally analyzing the cases of children of ‘unknown mothers’ with original documentary sources expressed at the end of writing.  It indicates then specific cases found over three centuries (1710-910) in the whole parish documentation of Chiloé (trying to provide genealogical data for each person), together with some other cases from cities placed in continental Chile. It also includes a detailed analysis of the five ecclesiastical divisions that divided the geography of Chiloé in the decade from 1840-1850. Finally, the essay reflects the knowledge of these cases as a contribution to the set of historical and genealogical research related to the culture of Chiloé.

Since historiography recognized the Royal Treasury as an institutional and financial materialization of the Catholic Monarchy, it was feasible to understand that the dynamics of Hispanus fiscus combined tension and negotiation between central and local instances of power, rather than a pyramidal structure verticallu commanded. This allowed to discuss the coercive and centralized model of the Bourbon imperial organization in the fiscal field, but it remains to delve into the implications that these limits of the Bourbon centralism had on the performance of commercial interaction. Credit practices constitute, in this sense, a window to observe the effects that Bourbon politics had on the local and regional economy in Spanish America. The research on credit is, thus, way to investigate the impact that the institutional modulations exerted on the economic performance in the Old Spanish-American Regime.The main objective of this article consists in investigate the impact that the Bourbon reforms could have on the commercial economy in Hispanic America, through a statistical and relational reading of the notarized credit in Salta, one of the most important commercial nodes of the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. In this sense, the present work concludes that the institutional change implied in the establishment of the Intendancy of Salta del Tucumán (1784), even when could not achieve the fiscally subsumption of the Salta region to the rioplatense epicenter —1as it was projected by a centralization fiscal policy—, encouraged the commercial integration between Salta and other regional markets as a way to overcome the crisis derived from breakdowns in interregional trade generated by the Andean uprisings of the 1780s. For more than two decades, Hispanic American historiography managed to explain that notarized credit served, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to articulate long-distance commercial circuits and linking mercantile nodes. Ratifying the hypothesis of that historiography, this article delves into those questions through an annual reconstruction of credit movements during the decade that runs between 1777 and 1786, appealing to methodological tools from both statistics and social network analysis, previously underutilized. This will make it possible to understand the impact of institutional change on an Old Regime economy, focusing on the relational dimension of credit and the commercial structure to which it maintained and to which it expressed. The sources used for this approach consist of the deeds of obligation signed by the scribe of Salta during the period.

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar los primeros movimientos comercia- les de los hermanos suizo-italianos Lorenzo y Francisco Durini Vasalli, artistas y comerciantes de profesión, en el floreciente mercado artístico de la región centroamericana. El trabajo se delimita temporalmente desde 1880 hasta 1883, y espacialmente a El Salvador y Honduras. Su base fundamental son un gran número de fuentes primarias provenientes de El Salvador, Honduras y Costa Rica. Además, se propone que los monumentos contratados con los Durini en esos años contribuyeron a la imaginería oficialista de las repúblicas de El Salvador y Honduras.