Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a painful skeletal muscle condition that affects the muscles of the mastication, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and various anatomical structures of the stomatognathic system.Objective: to compare the quality of life; determined with the OHIP instrument 49-Mx, of older adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) vs. free of TTM.Method: an analytical observational study was conducted in the elderly population in a Gerontological Unit of Puebla, Mexico. The diagnosis of TMD was established in the facilities; with the diagnostic criteria for TTM proposed by Dworkin and improved by Schiffman in 2014 by a previously trained researcher. Additionally, the quality of life (OHIP 49-Mx) was evaluated by the same researcher. The statistical management was performed with Mann-Whitney U (medium contrast) with significant value ≤0.05, in the SPSSv.21 program.Results: 192 older adults were evaluated; 131 (68.2%) with TTM; 84% women Patients with TMD had higher medians in most dimensions of the OHIP instrument 49 Mx: limitación funcional Md=16 vs. 13, p=0,06; dolor Md=8,0 vs. 4,0 p=0.02; incomodidad psicológica Md=3 vs. 3, p=0,31; inhabilidad física Md=11 vs. 3, p≤0,00; inhabilidad psicológica Md=1 vs. 1; p=0,03; inhabilidad social, Md=0 vs. 0; p=0,90 e incapacidad Md=1 vs. 1, p=0,03.Md=16 vs. 13, p=0.06; pain Md=8.0 vs. 4.0, p=0.02; psychological discomfort Md=3 vs. 3, p=0.31; physical disability Md=11 vs. 3, p≤0.00; psychological disability Md=1 vs. one, p=0.03; social disability Md=0 vs. 0, p=0.90 and disability Md=1 vs. 1, p=0.03.Conclusions: the elderly with TMD, showed a lower quality of life related to oral health; specifically in the dimensions of functional limitation, physical, psychological and pain disability.

A 14-year-old patient with a history of health who attended the clinic due to chest pain that lasted six days without irradiation and with absence of fever, dyspnea or other symptoms. The chest radiograph showed an anterior and middle mediastinal mass that was confirmed with computed tomography and where the location and imaginal characteristics suggested the diagnosis of mediastinal teratoma. The excision of the tumor that also compromised part of the pericardium was performed, confirming histologically by pathological anatomy the presence of a mature cystic mediastinal teratoma.

Introduction: in the General Teaching Hospital “Dr. Agostinho Neto” the results of fine needle aspiration puncture in the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland have not been specified.Objective: to specify the results of fine needle aspiration puncture for the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland in the General Surgery service of the General Teaching Hospital “Dr. Agostinho Neto” from Guantanamo during the years 2016-2018.Method: a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out. The following variables were studied: diagnosis of thyroid disease by ultrasound and classification of TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System), fine needle aspiration puncture (FNA) and paraffin biopsy.Results: the sensitivity (70.0% 95% CI 54.6-85.5) and the specificity (75.0% 95% CI 58.4-91.6) of the FNA, as well as the positive predictive value (77.8% 95% CI 62.8-92.8) and negative (66.7% 95% CI 49.9-83.5) was limited.Conclusions: discrepancies can be seen between the diagnoses identified by fine needle aspiration puncture, which expressed that in the territorial context this showed limitations for the diagnosis of thyroid disease.

A 62-year-old patient was presented, with a history of systemic arterial hypertension and cerebral infarction. He went to the guard because 24 hours after intense physical exertion, he had headache and severe cervical pain, vomiting not preceded by nausea and loss of consciousness and when he woke up he could not move his legs. The physical examination revealed meningeal signs, flaccid paraplegia, loss of tactile, thermal and painful sensitivity to the level of the second rib and the tone of the bladder and anal sphincters. Computed axial tomography of the skull showed the presence of Fisher 3 bilateral occipital subarachnoid hemorrhage and the contrasted dorsal spine magnetic resonance revealed late subacute intramedullary hemorrhage. The relevance of the history, physical examination and diagnostic means, especially magnetic resonance imaging for the clinical diagnosis of intramedullary hemorrhage, is considered.

La esclerosis lateral primaria es muy poco frecuente, representa 2-4 % del grupo de enfermedades de motoneurona. Se caracteriza por espasticidad corticoespinal y síndrome pseudobulbar. La resonancia magnética nuclear muestra lesiones hiperintensas de secuencias potenciadas en T2; cuando el compromiso es bilateral, la imagen da la apariencia de “copa de vino”.  Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 56 años de edad, con un cuadro clínico de dos años de evolución, caracterizado por desinhibición, apatía, y  conducta social inapropiada. La  evolución clínica mostró criterios diagnósticos de esclerosis lateral primaria y de demencia frontotemporal.  La resonancia magnética de encéfalo, protocolo T2, corte coronal reveló el compromiso bilateral de los haces cortico-espinales desde el centro semioval hasta las pirámides bulbares semejando la imagen en “copa de vino”. Aunque infrecuente, el caso muestra la posible asociación de Esclerosis Lateral Primaria (ELP) con demencia frontotemporal;  la imagen en “copa de vino” puede estar presente en enfermedad de motoneurona y, cuando particularmente asociada a ELP, puede ser de gran ayuda en el diagnostico diferencial con otras entidades crónicas de curso clínico similar.

La locura en el Virreinato del Perú fue explicada tanto en términos médicos como sobrenaturales. La medicina se basó principalmente en la teoría de los cuatro humores. Para denominar la locura y sus diversas formas de manifestarse se utilizaron términos tales como falta de juicio, insania, demencia, melancolía, manía y otros, con significados no equivalentes a los actuales. El cuidado de los locos estuvo en manos de los médicos, la familia o los religiosos. La Santa Inquisición debió determinar si los procesados se encontraban o no en su sano juicio, recurriendo a diferentes estrategias ante los casos dudosos, incluyendo la opinión de los médicos. La psiquiatría surgió en el Perú mucho después de la era virreinal, y sus intentos para explicar la locura en aquellos tiempos llevaron por un lado a una valiosa recolección de información, sobre todo por parte de Hermilio Valdizán y Óscar Valdivia Ponce, y por otro lado a la elaboración de diagnósticos retrospectivos, que ilustran sobre el discurso nosológico de sus expositores. En los últimos años las opiniones psiquiátricas sobre el periodo virreinal se han centrado en la figura de Santa Rosa de Lima, llevando a planteamientos variopintos. Los diagnósticos retrospectivos se sustentan en premisas cuestionables, tales como atribuir una naturaleza transhistórica y transcultural a los trastornos mentales y a la idea de normalidad, así como creer que existen fuentes históricas fidedignas que reflejan la verdad de los hechos.

A heterozygosity loss of 1p/19q has clinical prognostic value and is strongly associated with classical histologic features of oligodendroglioma. Objectives: The present article proposes a molecular method to determine the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for 1p/19q and to allow the classification of oligodendroglial tumors. Material and Methods: Fresh samples from the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases’ Tumor BioBank and paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies of oligodendroglial tumors with pathological diagnosis of oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma were used. The proposed methods are Multiplex PCR and amplification of fragments by capillary electrophoresis of PCR products, and were applied to a total of 39 cases which presented histological grade II and III. Results: The results obtained allow an adequate molecular classification of oligodendroglial tumors.

Objective: To determine the association between presence of neurological comorbidities and walking speed in older adults attended at the Naval Medical Center “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara” 2010-2015. Methods: Observational retrospective study through secondary analysis of a database of 1785 older adults. To determine the relationship between variables, the Chi-square test with a level of significance of 5%, and the STATA v.14 program were used. Results: 18.7% of the probands had Parkinson’s disease, 44.9% had mild cognitive impairment, and only 3.1% had cerebrovascular disorder. There were significant differences in walking speed with respect to advanced age and female sex (greater in 80 y.o. or older females). There was a significant relationship between mild cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disorder with walking speed. The probability of a slow walking speed adjusted for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, age and sex for those with mild cognitive impairment was 2.13 (IC95% 1.72-2.63), and for those with cerebrovascular disease, 1.79 (IC95% 1.01-3.20). Conclusions: Slow walking was presented mainly in women over 80 years of age, and was significantly related to mild cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disorder, but not to Parkinsons disease

Empathy is defined as the ability to understand the feelings and emotions of others, based on the recognition of the other as similar. Applied to the doctor-patient relationship can improve clinical outcomes, reason for which it is considered an essential ability in the training of every medical professional. Objective: To identify the level of empathy and related factors in resident physicians in medical and surgical specialized training in a hospital in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Sociodemographic, personal and professional data were obtained and the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale, consisting of 20 questions and a 1 to 7 Likert scoring type, was applied; with a minimum score of 20 and maximum of 140, the level of empathy is directly related to the obtained score obtained. Results: One hundred resident physicians, 52% of them female, were surveyed. The mean score obtained was 112.88, with DE 14.51, median of 115, and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.82. The values of the quartiles were 102, 115 and 124. Twenty-six per cent of medical residents, 19.2% of surgery, 10% of gynecology-obstetrics and 35% of pediatrics reached higher values of the upper quartile. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the respondents’ scores with each of the identified variables. Conclusions: Residents of the Pediatrics specialty has higher scores than the rest of the specialties, although no specific significant variables were found to explain the differences between the empathy levels.

The case of a 73 years-old woman that, since approximately the age of 30 years started to complain of pain when walking, is presented. The symptom was mainly located in the acchillean regions which, as time advanced, showed gradual volume increase and, finally, forced her to seek medical evaluation. Accompanying relatives reported a several years’ history of gradually increasing cognitive difficulties (i.e., forgetfulness, disorientation, poor attention and concentration), fluctuating mood (from periods of good humor switching to sudden episodes of sadness and crying spells), emotional lability and anxiety crises evolving into brief panic attacks. The Mini-cognitive Fenton Test confirmed severe dementia and the neurological evaluation showed cerebellar ataxia and partial pyramidalism. The ophthalmological examination revealed xanthelasmas, cataracts and dense arcus senilis. Xanthomas were detected in the Achillean tendons of both lower extremities. Auxiliary laboratory and densitometric tests demonstrated mixed dyslipidemia and dorsal-lumbar osteoporosis, respectively, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (RMC) confirmed SNC damage and suggested deposits of cholestenol, thus confirming the diagnosis of Cerebroitendinous Xanthomatosis.