Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article reflects on the right to strike as a fundamental right, especially after the discussions held at the International Labor Conference in 2012. In this regard, the legal-political character of the phenomenon is highlighted, as an expression of collective private autonomy that competes in demonstration of power with state sovereignty. It also analyses its structural problems in relation with other rights of freedom, to advance understanding it, towards the analogous idea of "state of exception". The doctrine of the Committee on Freedom of Association of the ILO and the efforts of the states to model the exercise of the right to strike at the local level seem to be better explained by this exceptionality.

In 2016, an attempt was made to reconfigure the public expenditure monitoring and control system. A new General Law of the National Anticorruption System (LGSNA) was approved, with the aim of articulating the different parts of the enormous puzzle that exists in the matter, a new General Law of Administrative Responsibilities and a new Organic Law of the Federal Court of Administrative Justice. Additionally, the amendment to article 102 constitutional transformed the Attorney General's Office into a General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic with full legal autonomy of the Federal Executive. The current essay begins with a critical reflection on some of the recent reforms and then proposes some actions that would allow us to build a National System of Transparency, Oversight and Accountability that really works.

In June 2012, the European Union (EU) disbursed 41.3 billion Euros to the Spanish government to cover the banking liquidity needs. This "rescue" not only involved reforms related to the regulation of the financial sector. They also brought the labor reforms of 2010-2012. Such reforms involved a radical change in the model of Union Law in our country, and were originated in the context of a UE procedure for excessive deficit. Within the framework of this procedure, Spain had to address the reform of the labor relations system. Law 3/2012, of July 6, of urgent measures for the reform of the labor market, complied with the conditions imposed by the European Council to that effect. The international organizations that evaluated such labour reforms have highlighted that it never served the objectives to which it was directed: the creation of employment. In addition, the devaluation of labor and salary conditions has had devastating effects for citizens in our country. The recent change of government suggested that this reform had its days numbered. However, it is still in force. This study tries to verify whether the reversal of the reforms contained in Law 3/2012 is required by international law. Specifically, if the Spanish legislator did not comply with the parameters established by the European Court of Human Rights regarding freedom of association.

The sense of hearing involves a complex process and when there is hearing loss it has direct consequences for oral language acquisition. One of the key objectives of the Support Unit for Students with Disabilities and Special Educational Needs at the Rey Juan Carlos University is to address the concerns of deaf and hard of hearing pupils, and its members considered there to be a need to carry out research into teaching and learning a second oral language. Students report having limited knowledge and a lack of the preparation needed to tackle and pass the ‘Modern Language’ course. To conduct this research, an observational study was carried out with a sample of 36 early childhood and primary stage pupils enrolled in a private subsidised joint education (deaf and hearing) school with a bilingual focus in the Community of Madrid. The results show the importance of applying access accommodations to the day-to-day physical environment, communication and information.

Among the new forms of business organization, the formation of global production chains stands out. This productive phenomenon goes beyond national frameworks from the legal point of view but also transforms the frameworks of labor relations as we knew them up to now, affecting the social rights of workers. The transnational collective bargaining emerged as a strategy of counter-power of the trade union movement to guarantee, among other elements, respect for social rights and, especially, the minimum standards set by the International Labor Organization. Within this organization, a revision of the Declaration on Multinational Enterprises has recently been approved, which opens the doors to resolving conflicts related to the fulfillment of the commitments agreed in the transnational framework agreements, among them, the protection of social rights to throughout the production chain

The Mexican State urgently needs to take action to combat the deficiencies in which its social security system currently is. This paper addresses the way in which the Mexican social security system was incorporated, what characteristics the human right to social security has in Mexico, what are the fragile bases upon which our protective system is based and, in view of this situation, the search for a universal social security system, backed up with the corresponding transformation carried out in this country’s constitutional structure, with the aim of preventing the disparition or diminution of social stability in Mexico caused by the paradigm changes and transformations the disruption of Fourth Industrial Revolution in society implies.

The requirement of justification for dismissal is a guarantee of maximum importance insofar as it allows to control the employer's decision. Despite the last ten years, several European countries have reformed their right of dismissal to make it more flexible. These reforms are mostly imposed by the European Union institutions (especially in the cases of Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal) as a prerequisite for financial aid. The measures taken seem to result in a devaluation of the requirement of justification linked to a liberal economic theory according to which: but the right of dismissal would be flexible, more companies will be willing to hire new employees. These and other problems will be analyzed in the present work.

In Spain there are different types of jobs and different types of supports to access to work. In general, the labour structure to promote the employment of people with disabilities is good, with intermediate opportunities between ordinary employment and social services. The disconnection between the needs of support and the beneficiaries of some measures is harming the right to work of people with disabilities with special difficulties on access to employment.

The continuous barriers in the area of accessibility and the low offer in leisure and sports are a social problem for people with disabilities. Various professionals and researchers support the benefits and positive contributions of physical activity on people. The sports discipline can serve as a foothold through which the integral development of people with disabilities can be worked on.

The article presents Polish agricultural law as a branch of law in the legal system, as a set of laws (part of legislation), a scientific discipline and a teaching subject. The author states, among other things, that the study of agricultural law is closely related to the (agricultural) policy of the country, sharing its fate. This policy has been and still continues to be the main determinant of the development of agricultural legislation. In Poland, agricultural legislation which developed as a consequence of the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy led to a stronger legislative position of agricultural law. This is an indication that efforts to strengthen the position of agricultural law in university teaching should also be promoted.