Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a powerful risk factor for kidney damage. The prevalence is very high among patients with chronic kidney disease.Objective: To determine the presence of microalbuminuria as a marker of kidney damage in patients with arterial hypertension admitted between September 2016 and September 2017.Material and Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was conducted in 123 patients. Age; sex; cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and microalbuminuria levels and vascular risk factors were determined. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results: The 40.7% of patients belong to the group of patients of age more than 70 years, predominating the male sex (65%); 62.6% of them presented microalbuminuria and 97.3% had risk factors associated with an increased prevalence of smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, and vascular diseases associated with RP> 1. The group of patients older than 70 years, male, and with presence of microalbuminuria predominated in the study. The presence of more than three risk factors was associated with microalbuminuria. The presence of microalbuminuria increased with the years of evolution of the disease. Stage 3 of chronic kidney disease predominated in patients with arterial hypertension and microalbuminuria and it was directly related to the years of evolution of arterial hypertension.Conclusions: The determination of microalbuminuria in patients with arterial hypertension is a simple and important risk marker to determine subclinical kidney damage and it is closely related to the increase in the age of the patient, the years of hypertension, and the association with other risk factors for vascular disease.Keywords: Arterial hypertension, microalbuminuria, risk factors, chronic kidney disease.

El Dr. Eduardo Sabas Alomá cursó la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad de La Habana y realizó estudios de postgrado en las universidades Harvard, Estados Unidos y San Marcos, Perú. Participó en actividades revolucionarias y políticas contra el gobierno del dictador Gerardo Machado que lo condujeron al exilio en los Estados Unidos, regresó a Cuba en 1937. Después del golpe de Estado de Batista en 1952, fue cesanteado por sus actividades contra el régimen.Profesor de Fisiología en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de La Habana y profesor de Bacteriología de la Escuela de Enfermeras, ubicada en el Hospital Universitario “Calixto García”, también trabajó como médico en el propio hospital y en Maternidad Obrera.Al triunfo revolucionario, permaneció en el claustro de profesores de la Escuela de Medicina, mientras que la mayoría renunciaba y marchaba a los Estados Unidos alentados por la contrarrevolución. Fundador del Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón”. Profesor Titular de Fisiología.

Introduction:  Several studies report that patients older than 60 years are three times more likely to be admitted to hospitals for surgery than younger members of the population. Objective: To characterize patients older than 60 years admitted with abdominal surgery. Materials and methods:  A descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal study was carried out.  The clinical histories of 88 patients older than 60 years admitted with abdominal surgery to the Intensive Care Unit of Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital during the years 2015-2016 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed.  Descriptive statistics was used to summarize quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: Of the patients admitted, 40,9% died.  The greatest mortality was observed in females (48,9%) and patients older than 81 years (48,1%).  Arterial hypertension (29,9%) was the most frequent pathological antecedent.  Mortality after peritonitis was 72,0%. The patients with acute renal failure, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and mechanical ventilation presented a mortality rate higher than 80%.  E. coli was isolated in 12,5% of patients. Conclusions: The factors related to decease were: patients older than 81 years of age, diagnosis of peritonitis, need of mechanical ventilation, presence of acute renal failure, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health with an evaluation of more than 16 points.  The most isolated germ was E. coli, and the respiratory system was the most frequent location.Keywords: Elderly patients, abdominal surgery, mortality, peritonitis, mechanical ventilation, sepsis.

Introducción: El internet se ha convertido en una herramienta prácticamente indispensable de la vida diaria. No obstante, existen casos en los que su uso excesivo empieza a generar cierta dependencia en los usuarios, y provoca así el trastorno conocido como adicción a internet.Objetivo: Evaluar la adicción a internet y la calidad de sueño en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad peruana e identificar las variables relacionadas a su presencia.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que incluyó alumnos de Ciencias Básicas de la Facultad de Medicina Humana escogidos mediante un muestreo estratificado aleatorio. Para la medición de las variables principales se usaron dos instrumentos, el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y el Test de Adicción a Internet (AI). Para evaluar la asociación entre las variables de estudio calculamos las razones de prevalencias crudas (RPc) y ajustadas (RPa), consideramos como significativo un valor p < 0,05.Resultados: Se encuestó un total de 297 estudiantes. La media de edad fue 18,7 ± 1,7 años y el 55,6 % fue de sexo femenino. El porcentaje de mala calidad de sueño y adicción a internet fue de 72,4 % y 10,4 %, respectivamente. En el modelo ajustado encontramos que estar cursando el tercer año de la carrera fue un factor protector para la mala calidad de sueño (RPa: 0,59; IC 95 %: 0,36-0,97) y los factores asociados a padecerla fueron ser un usuario problemático (RPa: 1,51; IC 95 %: 1,01-2,23) o con adicción a internet (RPa: 1,71; IC 95 %: 1,01-2,90).Conclusiones: La adicción a internet y la mala calidad de sueño son problemas de salud mental frecuentes en los estudiantes de medicina y están relacionadas entre sí.  

Introduction: The creation of the first official nursing school the last year of the 19th century gave rise to the professional training of Surgical Nursing in Cuba. Objective: To describe the historical evolution of surgical nursing in Cuba. Material and Methods: Logical-historical type of study where the documented facts that allow to follow the historical evolution of the actions of the surgical nursing professionals in Cuba are analyzed.Conclusions: The evolution of Surgical Nursing in Cuba has its beginning in the training of Nursing professionals at the end of the 18th century; also, its development and specialized training in the field of Minimum Access Surgery begins and at the end of the 20th century.Keywords: Perioperative nursing, surgical nursing, operating room nursing, history, surgery, minimal access surgery.

This article analyzes by means of a comparison the reform processes promoted by the governments of Chile and Ecuador in the area of access to and funding of higher education. Ecuador has anticipated the implementation of free education in public higher education, while Chile evidences some more recent advances in this area. The pending challenges faced by both systems are centered on agreeing on a long-term vision, obtaining financing to support the necessary reforms, and improving equity of access. Despite the efforts made so far, coverage is insufficient in the lowest income population.

The study evaluated the scale of active transparency of Colombian universities and determined the influence of the institutional origin on their access to information practices. For this purpose, an active transparency index (ITA) was designed and the existence of statistically significant differences between official and private universities was analyzed by means of nonparametric tests. The results show that there is a "low" degree of access to the information and that it is limited to basic data of the institutions, leaving aside information on their procedures and, especially, on financial and control matters. However, the results are higher in official universities, which leads to statistically significant differences between them, so that the institutional origin makes a difference when it comes to making public the information.

We analyzed the path of 46 university graduates of the degree in Educational Sciences from a public university in Mexico towards the world of labor based on two concepts: work transitions and configurations. We propose 13 labor indicators based on which we configure four types of labor transitions that allow us to discuss three assumptions: linearity of the transition from university to work; better working conditions that would correspond to this educational level and the adequacy between training and occupation. The results show linear transitions to work, but in most of the cases we observe a tendency towards non-linear transitions, characterized by their diversity and precariousness.

This paper aims to understand and value the practicum experience of teachers from the perspective of the students enrolled at the University of Cantabria (Spain) and to propose some elements for improvement. A qualitative methodology has been used and information from in-depth interviews with a sample of six participants has been analyzed. The results show that the students value practicum far above more theoretical training, in some reflections where a vision of teaching based on technical support stands out. Likewise, a certain dissatisfaction is shown with the supervision of the university tutor and the portfolio as a tool for reflection. Finally, the authors discuss the role of the school tutor and the need to create spaces for shared reflection.