Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this paper is to make a critique of the socialism of the 21st century proposals promoted by Heinz Dieterich (2008), specifically to study how it has been applied in the Venezuelan case and the resulting crisis. The socialism of the 21st century in the relation of the principles of the classics of traditional Marxism, which limits the action of the market and attempts against private property. In the Venezuelan case, through a policy of controls, asphyxiation to the market and expropriations of companies, followed by a series of social policies for clients, has produced the consequent debacle of the national economy in order to maintain a dome in power. Resort to liberal economic theory, demonstrating the failure and non-viability of the socialist model. To analyze the process, the analytical-synthetic method was used through a bibliographic review. It is concluded that the real crisis is the natural consequence of a series of social policies, provided that the results are the same, inflation and threat of the freedom of the individuals because of the highest levels of authoritarianism.

The purpose of this article was to analyze the manager's communication in educational institutions of Riohacha in La Guajira. He relied on the theoretical postulates of Sueiro (2016), González (2015), Davis (2010), Méndez (2009), Gómez, Ruiz and Martí (2008), among others. The type of research was descriptive with a non-experimental transectional design, the sample consisted of three (3) managers and 42 teachers who make up three educational institutions forming a total of 45 people. The survey was used as a technique, based on a questionnaire-type instrument aimed at all teachers and managers. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned that the elements of the communication are relevant for the communicative act to take place in any institution. In addition, educational managers must interact continuously with teachers to plan tasks, for this reason, the messages must be clear and precise, a situation that is not always presented in these institutions.

An investigation is presented no experimental, descriptive field with data collection which aimed transverse characterized visual and noise pollution and implement strategies disclosure contaminants such physical at Maracaibo's Paseo Ciencias. For the developing of these work it`s consider the proposal of Fuentes and Arguello (2015), Méndez, (2013), Canelones (2007), Guijarro et al., (2015), Alfie and Salinas (2017), Espejo (2014) and Ayala (2017). Direct and indirect observational techniques were used with the respective previously elaborated instruments. About direct observation, a matrix was built in order to identify the sources of sonic and visual pollution in the area. For the porpuse of indirect observation, a survey with open-ended questions was conducted. The results obtained demonstrate that Paseo Ciencias, as it's a commercial and dynamic zone, possesses a huge amount of sonic and visual pollution in almost every element that composes its sources. High volume music, electrodomestics, sirens and buses are the main sonic pollutants, whereas dumpsites, billboards, canopies, and kiosks are the major visual pollutants. Moreover, it is stated that the soaring presence of these pollutants disrupt the animic and physical states, and interpersonal relationships between citizens daily exposed to them and that the damage is proportional to the time of exposure. For these reasons, municipal entities must intervene in this area and search for solutions in order to solve the identified problems. This research demonstrates the sample has a very passive attitude towards participation in programs searching for a way to amend the situation. Finally, this research proved there are few suitable strategies to raise public awareness in this commercial site.

The strategic management in the organizations is of great importance, as it is who defines the direction of the business in the immediate future; In this sense, the actions that outline such direction must be aligned with the thinking of those who are in charge of the business. The objective of this work is to analyze strategic management in organizations as a tool for decision making and respond to the demands of the competitive environment. It is assumed for the purposes of the research developed, a position framed in qualitative methodology, with a documentary approach, laying the foundations for a more far-reaching investigation. Specialized documents are reviewed in order to carry out an initial theoretical dissertation, such as Thompson and Strickland (2004), David (2003); Chiavenato (2011), among others. The results indicate that the specialized literature in the area is diverse and throw essential elements for the construction of strategic thinking, the latter characterized by the development of critical processes in the mind of the strategist that help to improve the capacities of organizations, in order to formulate and deploy strategies with greater effectiveness. Strategic thinking does not concentrate only on the elaboration of plans, it goes further, allowing to change mental models of decision-makers in organizations.

In Mexico there is the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC), which proposes strategies to reduce the effects of climate change in the long term by reducing emissions of gases that harm the environment and the implementation in society of the culture of adaptation of the impacts that derive from climate change, applying in the case of non-compliance with its provisions, the fines and pertinent sanctions (Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union, 2018b). However, the LGCC only handles intervals of which the fines and infractions are established that the authorities must demand through their faculties, without assigning the method of application, except for the assigned qualifying judges. The objective of this research is to analyze if there are means to generate environmental taxes on solid waste. This research has a descriptive scope, because the phenomenon is described with the theories and valid investigations that were obtained. The research was documentary, based on data collection in secondary sources, in books and databases.

In this article, the different theories about the welfare state and development are analyzed from a reflective point of view. Methodologically, the documentary analysis was used, consisting of identifying the main theoretical currents on well-being, using the perspective developed by Titmuss (1987) Mkandawire (2005) and the development, from the visions of Boisier (1999), Vázquez-Barquero (2005) as well as Thorbecke (2007). It is identified that both are concepts in constant construction, associated with the evolution of a specific society with its problems and challenges. Therefore, as complementary social constructs, they pursue the well-being of people. Therefore, in essence, development means what and what characteristics associated with life, must have a person or family to be able to consider living well in a determined context. In other words, well-being and development are two inseparable concepts and will surely persist as mainstays in the agenda of nation-states and organized civil society.

The purpose of this study was to determine the educational effectiveness of Facebook (FB) for the development of reading comprehension, using as main authors Piscitelli, Adaime and Binder (2010), Gordillo and Flórez (2009), Pérez (2016), among others. The investigation corresponds to a case study descriptive with field design and quasi-experimental, whose results indicate that for a sample of 40 students divided into two groups (A and B), there is clear evidence of significant improvements in the reading comprehension of the students who used the FB as opposed to those who used the traditional reading method, evidencing the educational effectiveness of this social network for the development of reading skills. These results support the need to implement teaching-learning strategies based on the application of the FB to make reading more enjoyable, motivating and interactive, in a way that facilitates the understanding and interpretation of the written text for the construction of new knowledge.