Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Resumen: El presente artículo explora la relación de Bonhoeffer con los escritos confesionales luteranos, mostrando que no solo las Escrituras, sino también estos documentos del siglo XVI constituyen un foco de orientación fundamental a lo largo de su obra. Se discute asimismo su participación en la elaboración de la Confesión de Betel, el más temprano intento de este género por parte de la Iglesia Confesante en respuesta al régimen nacionalsocialista. Por último, se expone el afán (y las dificultades) de Bonhoeffer para dar con un término medio que lo aleje tanto de un confesionalismo rígido como de una relación no vinculante con las confesiones. Palabras clave: Confesionalismo, Bonhoeffer, Confesión de Betel, Iglesia Confesante. Abstract: The article discusses Bonhoeffer’s relation to the Lutheran confessional writings. We show the degree to which not only Scripture, but also the Lutheran confessions, play a significant role in his orientation under the Nazi regime. We further discuss his role in the redaction of the Bethel Confession of Faith, the earliest of the confessional statements that emerged from the Confessing Church. Finally, we discuss Bonhoeffer’s difficulties in his search for a middle ground that might keep him at a distance from a traditionalistic relation to the confessions while at the same time adhering to them in a binding way. Keywords: Confessionalism, Bonhoeffer, Bethel Confession, Confessing Church.

Resumen: el propósito de este artículo es mostrar en qué sentido se articulan negatividad de Dios, alteridad e imagen en el autoconocimiento conjetural en el pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa. Se expone la función fundacional de la negatividad de Dios, entendida como incomprensibilidad, en el conocimiento conjetural en general y se analiza la resolución de la alteridad en el proceso del autoconocimiento a partir de la aplicación de la figura universi en el De coniecturis de Nicolás de Cusa. Palabras claves: negatividad, autoconocimiento, alteridad, figura universi, imagen. Abstract: the purpose of this article is to show the sense in which the negativity of God, alterity and image are articulated in conjectural selfknowledge in Nicolás de Cusa´s thoughts. The foundational function of the negativity of God is exposed, insofar as being understood as incomprehensible in conjectural knowledge in general, and the resolution of alterity is analized in the process of self-knowledge based on the application of the figura universi in Nicholas of Cusa´s De coniecturis. Keywords: negativity, self-knowledge, otherness, figure universi, image

Abstract: In this article, we will analyze from an existentialist-soteriological perspective three of Ingmar Bergman’s cinematographic masterpieces, which are placed between the late fifties and the early sixties of the last century: Wild Strawberries (1957), Through a Glass Darkly (1961) and Winter Light (1963). Our reflection will be accompanied by some fundamental questions. Is it possible to find expectations, or at least a nostalgia for salvation, starting from the existential anxiety of the protagonists of these films? Does their sense of nausea towards a life that seems to sink into the most distressing oblivion still leave a glimmer towards some light that can penetrate to restore hope? Is it possible to recognize a need for salvation from death and beyond death itself? We will try to show how the request for salvation declines first and foremost as salvation in this life through the search for interpersonal relationships, in the perspective of living for others and in the possibility of loving for free, in a constant struggle in the face of existential anxiety that seems to continue to loom and could still have the upper hand. Finally, when salvation is understood as stability in a life at the mercy of the waves of reality, it is recognized in the presence of God as warrant of the authenticity of every act and desire for love. Keywords: Existentialism, Soteriology, Ingmar Bergman, Salvation, Nostalgia, Theology Sommario: In questo articolo, analizzeremo da una prospettiva esistenzialistasoteriologica tre dei capolavori cinematografici di Ingmar Bergman, che si collocano tra la fine degli anni Cinquanta e l’inizio degli anni Sessanta del secolo scorso: Il posto delle fragole (1957), Come in uno specchio (1961) e Luci d’inverno (1963). La nostra riflessione sarà accompagnata da alcune domande fondamentali. È possibile rinvenire, a partire dall’angoscia esistenziale dei protagonisti di questi film, delle attese o, perlomeno, una nostalgia di salvezza? Il loro senso di nausea verso una vita che sembra sprofondare nell’oblio più angosciante lascia ancora aperto uno spiraglio verso una qualche luce che può penetrare per ridare speranza? È possibile ravvisare un bisogno di salvezza dalla morte e oltre la morte stessa? Cercheremo di mostrare come la richiesta di salvezza si declini innanzitutto come salvezza in questa vita attraverso la ricerca di relazioni interpersonali, nella prospettiva del vivere per gli altri e nella possibilità di amare gratuitamente, in una costante lotta di fronte all’angoscia esistenziale che sembra continuare a incombere e potrebbe ancora avere la meglio. Infine, quando la salvezza viene intesa come stabilità in una vita in balia delle onde del reale, essa viene riconosciuta nella presenza di Dio come garante dell’autenticità di ogni atto e desiderio di amore. Parole chiave: Esistenzialismo, Soteriologia, Ingmar Bergman, Salvezza, Nostalgia, Teologia

Resumen: A partir del estudio comparado de tres experiencias de la misión histórica –Martín de Braga entre los Suevos (s.vi), la misión de Bonifacio entre los Germanos (s.viii) y los trabajos de Bernardino de Sahagún entre los Nahuas (s.xvi) – el presente estudio se propone indagar en torno a las expresiones históricas de un instrumento polémico de la misión conocido como evemerismo, y que posee como principio hermenéutico la negación del carácter divino de los Dioses por su condición humana. Como hipótesis se sostiene que el evemerismo no se expresa en la misión histórica como un exemplum o narrativa de la misión, sino como un principio teórico susceptible de ser ensamblado de acuerdo a la agenda del misionero y a las posibilidades de su trabajo de campo. Palabras clave: Misión, Idolatría, Modernidad temprana, América, Europa Abstract: From the comparative study of three experiences of the historical mission – Martin de Braga among the Suevians, the mission of Bonifacio among the Germans and the works of Bernardino de Sahagún among the Nahuas – the present study intends to investigate around the historical expressions of a polemical instrument of the mission known as euhemerism, whose hermeneutical principle is the negation of the divine character of the Gods by their human condition. As a hypothesis, it is proposed that euhemerism is not expressed in the historical mission as an exemplum or a narrative of the mission, but as a theoretical principle that can be assembled according to the missionary’s agenda and the possibilities of his fieldwork. Keywords: Mission, Idolatry, Early Modernity, America, Europe

Resumen: Ante el desafío aún vigente de que la teología integre, de una manera sistemática y metodológicamente fundada, a la experiencia religiosa actual dentro de sus procesos de generación de conocimiento, en el siguiente artículo se propone a la denominada Teología Empírica como una posible respuesta a dicho desafío. Para ello, se presentan sus principales presupuestos y su metodología, tal como lo sistematiza J. van der Ven, uno de sus principales exponentes, para luego comentar los aportes más relevantes de esta propuesta al problema planteado inicialmente. Palabras claves: Teología Empírica, método teológico, Teología Práctica, experiencia religiosa actual. Abstract: Faced with the challenge still in force for theology to integrate, in a systematic and methodologically grounded way, the current religious experience within its knowledge generation processes, the following article proposes the so-called Empirical Theology as a possible response to this challenge. To do so, its main pre-assumptions and its methodology are presented as systematized by J. van der Ven, one of its main exponents, followed by an analysis of the most relevant contributions of this proposal to the problem initially raised. Key words: Empirical Theology, theological method, Practical Theology, current religious experience.

Resumen: La adhesión a la Declaración Conjunta sobre la Doctrina de la Justificación por parte de luteranos, metodistas, reformados, anglicanos y católicos indica que esta constituye una referencia y un punto de partida para proseguir el diálogo ecuménico. El acuerdo teológico está basado en el “consenso diferenciado” de la propia perspectiva a la otra, sin renegar de los propios principios. Los viejos temas debatidos de las buenas obras, la concupiscencia o el simul iustus et peccator requieren a su vez una profundización y una reinterpretación, guiada por la “hermenéutica de la confianza”. Necesitamos ahora una Declaración Conjunta sobre Eucaristía, ministerio y eclesiología, sin olvidar las cuestiones morales (bioética, medio ambiente, doctrina social) y la discusión del principio protestante de la sola Scriptura. Palabras clave: protestantismo, gracia, libertad, concupiscencia, sola Scriptura. Abstract: The Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification by Lutherans, Methodists, Reformed, Anglicans and Catholics indicates that this constitutes a reference and an starting point to continue the Ecumenical Dialogue. The theological agreement is based on the “Differentiated Consensus” of one’s perspective to the other, without denying one’s own principles. The old debated topics of good works, concupiscence or Simul Iustus et Peccator require in turn a deepening and a reinterpretation, guided by the “Hermeneutics of Trust”. We now need a Joint Declaration on Eucharist, ministry and ecclesiology, without forgetting the moral issues (bioethics, environment, social doctrine) and the discussion of the protestant principle of Sola Scriptura. Keywords: protestantism, grace, freedom, concupiscence, sola Scriptura.

Abstract: The term ‘apophaticism’ (ἀποφατισμός) is one of the fundamental concepts for theological thinking in Christian East nowadays. In fact, it defines a fundamental gnoseological premise that directly affects the way in which thinking progresses in this tradition. In this article, we present the term’s interpretation by the contemporary Greek philosopher and theologian Christos Yannaras and the association suggested by this author regarding the contemporary Western philosophical enquiries, in particular regarding ‘nihilism’. Yannaras, in his work, drafts an epistemology of the sensorial experience, based on what he calls ‘relational ontology’ (ὀντολογία τῆς σχέσης), in the context of which the language of art takes on a genuine ontological statute. Keywords: Apophaticism, Nihilism, Orthodox Theology, Theory of Knowledge, Christos Yannaras. Resumen: El término “apofatismo” (ἀποφατισμός) es uno de los conceptos fundamentales del pensamiento cristiano oriental en nuestros días. De hecho, este término define una premisa gnoseológica fundamental para el desarrollo del pensamiento en esta tradición. En este artículo, presentamos la interpretación que Christos Yannaras, teólogo y filósofo griego contemporáneo, hace de dicho término y la relación que establece con la tradición filosófica occidental, en particular con respecto al nihilismo. En su obra, Yannaras plantea una epistemología de la experiencia sensible, basada en lo que él llama “ontología de la relación” (ὀντολογία τῆς σχέσης), en cuyo contexto el discurso del arte asume un auténtico estatuto ontológico. Palabras clave: Apofatismo, nihilismo, Teología ortodoxa, Teoría del conocimiento, Christos Yannaras. 

Abstract: This paper goes back to the subjects of inequality, violence and peace addressed by the Conference of Medellin (1968). The originality of this research it is not investigating the historical, social, or economic causes, for which the Latin American Bishops arrived to relieve those problems and their solution proposal, but to verify the ‘inculturated’ nature of this magisterial teaching. We see a neat attempt to update the Gospel’s message of salvation in a particular context. Then, the focus of this work is theological and cultural. Indeed, using the semiotic method used, it highlights the cultural mediations that affected the understanding and formulation of inequality, violence and peace, as part of the theological and pastoral proposal of Medellin. By the way, it is not difficult to recognize that some of these cultural mediations are present in the social taught of Francis, the first Latin American Pope. Thus, some contributions from Medellin acquire a universal scope. Keywords: Conference of Medellin, Inculturation, Inequality, Peace.

Resumen: La cristología pretende contestar a la pregunta por la identidad de la persona de Jesús de Nazaret. El presente ensayo intenta aclarar las precomprensiones del concepto de identidad personal y su influencia en la manera de responder a la pregunta cristológica. Después de un panorama histórico de contextualización, el autor parte de una descripción fenomenológica de la identidad de Jesús para determinar sus rasgos esenciales: su mediatez, su orientación retrospectiva, su dimensión paradójica. La reflexión desemboca en el umbral de la teología trinitaria, con consideraciones acerca del “sí” divino. Palabras clave: Jesucristo, persona, identidad, filosofía, cristología Abstract: Christology is the attempt to answer the question about the identity of the person of Jesus of Nazareth. The present essay tries to clarify the pre-comprehensions of the concept of personal identity and their influence in the way one answers the Christological question. After a historical overview which will serve as context, the autor starts from a phenomenological description of Jesus’ identity in order to determine its essential features: its mediateness, its restrospective orientation, its paradoxical dimension. The reflection reaches the treshold of Trinitarian theology, with considerations on the divine “self”. Keywords: Jesus-Christ, person, identity, philosophy, Christology

Seminario de Teología I