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546,196 artículos
Año:
2019
ISSN:
1870-0462
Cabrera Mireles, Héctor; Murillo Cuevas, Félix David; Adame García, Jacel; Fernández Viveros, José Antonio
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatá¡n
Resumen
The use of land associated with agriculture and pasture production is a key factor in soil biodiversity. For more than 50 years, land use has changed in the central region of Veracruz, from areas of native vegetation to agricultural or pasture areas, with changes in soil properties and biota. In the present study, the impact of land uses with pasture, sugarcane and native vegetation in the edaphic meso and macrofauna, was compared. For this, indices of abundance, wealth and diversity of existing communities were used. The work was carried out considering windy, rainy and dry seasons, using two soil depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm). In total, for the two soil levels, 16 taxa were identified, being the most abundant Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Isoptera and Carabidae, during windy and rainy seasons. Abundance of majority of groups corresponded to soil with native vegetation. The lowest abundance, richness, diversity and equity of meso and macrofauna was recorded during dry seasons and in the pasture land use. It is concluded that the change in land use for pasture cultivation can have a negative impact.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1870-0462
Feican, Carlos; Vanegas, Iván; Encalada, Claudio; Brito, Beatriz; Moreira, Ricardo; Viera, William
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatá¡n
Resumen
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a commercially import fruit crop in several countries of Latin America (Ecuador, Peru and Chile) and Europe (Spain). The fruit is highly valued for its good organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value. Currently, there is a worldwide trend to implement high planting densities in several fruit crops. However, there is little information available on cherimoya to implement new commercial orchards. This research evaluated three planting densities (625, 1250 and 2500 plants/ha) to determine their effect on the cherimoya fruit quality of the variety 'Cumbe'. The two lowest densities evaluated doubled the yield compared to the highest density, and also obtained the highest percentages of fruit in the best size categories (super extra and extra), and harvesting fruit weights >400 g. Based on the results of this study, planting densities of 2500 plants/ha or higher are not recommended due to the affect on yield and quality of cherimoya fruit.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1870-0462
Basto-Rosales, Mao Ernesto Rafael; Rodríguez-Montes de Oca, Gustavo Alejandro; Carrillo-Farnés, Olimpia; Álvarez-González, Carlos Alfonso; Badillo-Zapata, Daniel; Vega Villasante, Fernando
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatá¡n
Resumen
Dormitator latifrons is an excellent candidate to be cultured in Mexico. In this research work four experimental treatments were carried out to evaluate the effect of stock density on growth: D3 (three organisms/m3), D5 (five organisms/m3), D6 (six organisms/m3) and D7 (seven organisms/m3), during 90 days. No significant differences were observed between the evaluated densities, although the highest increase in weight in percentage is observed with higher stock density (7 org/m3). Density did not have a negative effect on survival.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1870-0462
Cruz Aguilar, Ranulfo; Cruz León, Artemio; Ramírez Valverde, Benito; Uribe Goméz, Miguel; Fernández Rebollo, Pilar; Cuevas Reyes, Venancio
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatá¡n
Resumen
El estudio de los sistemas agroforestales tradicionales ha tenido relevancia a nivel mundial, debido a que son estrategias que los campesinos han adoptado en el manejo de los recursos naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una estratificación de las unidades de producción del sistema silvopastoril en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla con la finalidad de caracterizar el nivel de recursos con los que cuentan los diferentes tipos de unidades de producción. El total de unidades de producción campesina (UPC) analizadas fueron 3351 en las 31 localidades de la reserva. Se realizó un análisis de clúster para la construcción de las categorías, acompañado de un ANAVA. La delimitación de las variables se realizó con base en el concepto de ganadería campesina, la selección fue a través de un análisis de correlación. Se determinaron cinco grupos los cuales presentan diferencias estadísticas. La cantidad de ganado es la variable principal para delimitar los grupos. Se encontró que el grupo I carece de ganado bovino, en el II tienen nueve cabezas en promedio, el grupo III poseen 12 cabezas, en el grupo IV tienen 44 cabezas y en el grupo V cuentan con 225 cabezas. La identidad ganadera, condiciones agroclimáticas, capitalización de las UPC, origen de la fuerza de trabajo y la superficie de tierra son elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos que determinaron los grupos. Se concluye que la caracterización de los grupos puede contribuir a la construcción de políticas diferenciadas para armar propuestas de desarrollo para las comunidades de la reserva, porque representan la realidad de una ganadería campesina que busca la sobrevivencia en una situación de política agrícola que actualmente no le favorece.The study of traditional agroforestry systems has been relevant worldwide, because they are strategies that farmers have adopted in the management of natural resources.The objective of this work was to carry out a stratification of the production units of the silvopastoral system in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve in order to characterize the level of resources available to the different types of production units. The total of peasant production units (UPC) analyzed were 3351 in the 31 localities of the reserve. A cluster analysis was carried out for the construction of the categories, accompanied by an ANAVA. The delimitation of the variables was made based on the concept of peasant livestock; the selection was through a correlation analysis. Five groups were determined, which present statistical differences. The amount of livestock is the main variable to delimit the groups. It was found that group I lacks cattle, in II they have nine heads on average, group III has 12 heads, in group IV they have 44 heads and in group V they have 225 heads. The livestock identity, agroclimatic conditions, capitalization of the UPC, origin of the work force and land surface are qualitative and quantitative elements that determined the groups. It is concluded that the characterization of the groups, can contribute to the construction of differentiated policies to put together development proposals for the communities of the reserve, because they represent the reality of a rural livestock that seeks survival in a situation of agricultural policy that currently does not it favors him.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1870-0462
Velez Terranova, Oscar Mauricio
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatá¡n
Resumen
It is estimated that livestock activity in Colombian Orinoco flooded savannas is develops on some 5 million hectares located between Casanare and Arauca departments, especially for breed and raise grazing cattle. The hydrological dynamics of the area and the spatial and temporal variability of forage, in conjunction with the characteristic extensive management of livestock systems of the region, have resulted in low productive and reproductive performance and a high environmental impact. This activity must undergo major changes to promote further development in line with the objectives required to address climate change. Some evidence suggests that management of grazing, water and trees and shrubs integration, are practices that would provide great productive and environmental benefits, increasing the livestock systems resilience in flooded savannas and promoting biodiversity conservation and maintenance of ecosystem services. The integration of new knowledge areas such as phenomics and “big data”, become useful research alternatives to understand in greater proportion the complex biological interactions that occur in this ecosystem, facilitating the creation of management programs that maximize productivity and animal welfare, while reducing the environmental impact associated with this activity.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1688-4809, 0376-4362
Schanzembach, Marcos; Brayer, Daniela; Sallis, Simone; César, Deborah; Matto, Carolina; Almeida, Roque; Nan, Fernando; Rodríguez, Víctor; Parodi, Pablo; Pereira, María; Gianneechini, Ruben; Rivero, Rodolfo
Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay (SMVU)
Resumen
Pythiosis is a disease widely distributed worldwide caused by Pythium insidiosum. It is transmitted and propagated in semi-aquatic environments, mainly affecting equines, canines, felines, cattle and humans. In Paysandú County, Uruguay, in the month of May 2017, a case of pitiosis was registered in a 24-year-old Creole breed female equine. An extensive circular lesion located in the ventral abdominal area was surgically removed. Macroscopically, it was observed granulation tissue, multifocal areas of necrosis with suppurative hemorrhagic content and yellowish-white pasty to chalky concretions. At the histopathological examination with H&E stain there was of notice diffuse ulceration of the epidermis; in superficial and deep dermisthere were severe proliferation of connective tissue, neovascularization, multifocal areas of necrosis surrounded by infiltration of polymorphonuclears, mainly eosinophils, and macrophages. Inside of the areas of necrosis there was presence of hyphae stained positively by the argentic Grocott stain. Positive immunostaining was obtained for P. insidiosum. In the culture of the fresh material, colonies of whitish color and radial growth were isolated with the development of aerial mycelia after 48 hours. The isolation of P. insidiosum was confirmed by the induction of zoospores and the characterization of them. The ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) was amplified by the nested PCR reaction and in a second reaction the gene specific for P. insidiosum from the ITS1 region was amplified. The sequence obtained was compared with that registered in GenBank confirming a 100% homology with P. insidiosum.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1688-4809, 0376-4362
de Brun, L.; da Silva, V.; Silva, R. O. S.; Lobato, F. C. F.; Puentes, R.
Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay (SMVU)
Resumen
Enzootic bovine leukosis is the main virosis that affects dairy cattle in Uruguay. The subclinical infection causes importants dysfunctions in the immune system impacting directly in the animal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response of Holstein heifers with positive serology against Leukosis bovine virus (BLV) when they were ordinary immunized against Clostridium perfringens. It was evaluated a seropositive group to BLV animals (n=29) and other seronegative group (n=19) during twelve months. The animals recived three immunizations with a commercial polyvalent vaccine against several Clostridios (days 0, 30, 173). Blood samples were taken in days 0, 30, 60, 90, 180 y 360 post vaccination and then the humoral immune response was analyzed through the use of the ELISA technique to quantify total antibodies against C. perfringens toxins alfa, beta and épsilon. Besides it was in vitro analyzed the amount of neutralizing antibodies against epsilon toxin using the reference technique, seroneutralization. The results demonstrated a low response of neutralizing antibodies to epsilon toxin by SN technique showing no correlation with the results obtained by the commercial ELISA kit. Total antibodies response evaluated using commercial ELISA Kit was variable according to the studied toxoid. No significant differences were found in the immune response against Clostridium perfringens vaccination between BLV seropositive and seronegative animals using the techniques mentioned. The commercial ELISA kit use to analyze the response to vaccination against Clostridiosis, must be discussed and analyzed according to the results of this work.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1688-4809, 0376-4362
Aldrovandi, A.; Cajarville, C.; Zunino, P.
Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay (SMVU)
Resumen
Ruminal acidosis is an important disease of cattle production. The development of in vitro techniques suitable for its study would allow to reduce costs and accelerate the times to achieve results useful to contribute to the increase of production, minimally affecting animal welfare. In the present study, a “gas in vitro” method was modified using different buffer solutions (artificial saliva) to assess their buffering effect in simulated ruminal acidosis situations. Three successive tests were carried out. An artificial saliva formulated for studies that required a high buffering level (SA01) was first tested, verifying that it was not appropriate for the simulation of acidosis. Five variations in the composition of saliva SA01 were then studied and finally two saliva were tested with a different composition and elaboration methods. Differences in the evolution of pH in the fermentation systems were studied through their comparison in four times of fermentation (0, 4, 12 and 24h) with control treatments with buffered systems without triggering the simulated acidosis by Student’s t (α = 0.05) and through the comparison of the parameters obtained by means of a non-linear regression of the values obtained from each treatment, adjusting it to a descending logarithmic model. Although the three artificial salivas studied in the last experiment could meet the sought objective, the artificial saliva SA03, with a lower amount of bicarbonate and higher proportion of phosphates, was the one that presented the best behavior for the analysis of acidosis situations.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
1688-4809, 0376-4362
Mondino, Alejandra; Sosa, Santiago; Zeinsteger, Pedro; García y Santos, Carmen
Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay (SMVU)
Resumen
Cannabis is one of the most consumed drugs worldwide, being Uruguay the tenth country with higher consume per capita. Due to the legally regulation of the medical and recreational Cannabis market and consume and the possibility to buy medicinal products and Cannabis flowers in the pharmacies of our country, the enhancement of accidental exposure to Cannabis products in small animals is expected. Furthermore, the legalization helps pets’ owners to feel confident to recognize that their animals could have ingested Cannabis products. Hence, it is fundamental to be aware in the toxicodynamic, toxicokinetic, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of Cannabis intoxication in small animals.
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