Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Uruguay is a world reference in some aquaculture sectors such as caviar production in sturgeons farms. Bacterial outbreaks are usual in fish farming as well as in all intensive animal production and the use of antimicrobials appears as a strategy for their control. Motile aeromonads septicemia is the most prevalent infectious disease in Uruguayan aquaculture. The difficulties for access to specific formulations for aquaculture in the country and the lack of pharmacological information for the species and national culture conditions, cause in many cases, improper use of the drugs with the consequent risk of developing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this work was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles developed by a representative number of aeromonads isolated from fishes cultured in Uruguay. It was used the agar diffusion method according to the protocol standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The antimicrobials evaluated were: amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ampicillin with dicloxacillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, oxytetracycline, penicillin, thiamphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimetropim. We found a high percentage (82.3%) of antimicrobial multiresistant isolates. All the isolates analyzed were susceptible to the action of the antimicrobials enrofloxacin and nitrofurantoin.

This article has its origin in an ethnographic and archaeological discussion of the tunidor, a work instrument whose origin, description, use, and cultural belonging were analyzed by the prestigious American archaeologist Samuel Lothrop in a 1926 publication. Nevertheless the author of this article disagrees in terms of the conclusions of the North American scientist, including the geographical and cultural belonging of the tuner. He even questions that his description of this artifact found, and from which the archaeologist’s conclusions proceed, corresponds exactly to a tunidor. For that reason, it is based on the ancestral use of this instrument by some indigenous towns of Nicaragua, among them, the Mayangnas who have used it artisanal and ancestrally and to the current day in the treatment of the bark of the tuno tree.

This paper evaluates the ecosystemic and functional role of trees in sustaining and conserving the Llanos de Karawala Natural Reserve in the Rio Grande de Matagalpa basin in the Autonomous Region of the Southern Caribbean of Nicaragua. characterization of forest species of selective extraction, through ecological and socioeconomic studies. This tree cover has great socioeconomic importance because it provides multiple use species to the producers: firewood, cattle feed, wood for rural constructions; and provides other services to the producer: provision of shade and soil conservation. It was learned that the spices most in demand are the species with the highest extraction are Caribbean Pine (Pinus caribaea), Atlantic Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Santa María (Calophyllum brasiliense) of which two are protected by the Forest Prohibition Law. The inhabitants of the area have extensive local knowledge about the current tree cover and manage it to obtain products and services. In addition, tree cover serves as an important food resource and refuge for flora and fauna. Based on the characterization of tree cover and their ecological and socioeconomic roles, alternatives are discussed on how to conserve and manage tree cover in a manner that is compatible with production and conservation objectives. All this information must be passed on to community and regional decisionmakers for a timely intervention.

According to various studies, the level of deforestation caused by the presence of invading colonists in the BOSAWAS biosphere reserve is such that in a period of thirty years, this Reserve called the Central American lung, could disappear. Between 1999 and 2015, a total of 31,000 ha of primary forest was lost, with annual deforestation rates ranging from 700 to 2,000 ha / year. The environmental, socioeconomic, cultural and migratory statistical results provided by this recent and comprehensive diagnostic study on the activities of the settlers settled in the most extensive of these indigenous territories - the Mayangna Sauni As - also reveal, in a contextual way, the causes of predation in BOSAWAS. The Indigenous Territorial Government Mayangna Sauni As has taken this information as a reference, and, through this study, reaffirms the urgent need for territorial sanitation of third parties in its territory.

The text has the purpose, on the one hand, to document the perspective of the Mayangnas artisan women on the tuno as to the ancestral and utilitarian use that they have made of the tunidor in the treatment of the bark of the tree of tuno. And on the other hand, to testify the collective ownership of the cloth of the tunu by the indigenous cultures that inhabit the frontier zones between Nicaragua and Honduras. In such a way that the patent process is always an option attributable only to these peoples

The population of East Asia has consumed jellyfish for more than a thousand years. For a long time, China has been the main supplier and consumer. Economic and environmental forces are pushing this market out of China and into societies that have no tradition of capture or consumption of jellyfish. The research, conducted around the communities of Bilwi and Tuapí in the autonomous region of northern Nicaragua, reports the emergence of a jellyfish production industry along the Miskito coast in Nicaragua, which appears to have a significant impact on the local society and economy. This is generating employment opportunities for Miskito men, different from scuba diving, to catch lobsters, a dangerous and often deadly occupation.

This research shows us how the transmission of the botanical knowledge of pre-Hispanic societies to Europe has allowed the integration of the American pharmacopoeia to the general dynamics of scientific knowledge at the medical, cosmographic, astronomical and technical levels. This has been possible from the chronicles of the Indies and through the development of a process of overcoming the serious Eurocentric limitations of the historical study of medicine. The data collected by the author show the enormous importance of the subject of American nature and the contribution of this to the epistemology of medical science. This revelation generated a broad and at the same time descriptive and interpretative process by the Europeans since the beginning of the sixteenth century.

The Sihkru Tara is a bi-national festive rite that is shared annually by the Miskito populations of Nicaragua and Honduras. They do this to celebrate and strengthen their indigenous identity in a cultural exchange between generations; also to communicate with the spirits of the ancestors, to generate closeness and solidarity, and to analyze the threats that, as a people, they face today. The author of this article records all this through a chronicle also illuminated by the flash of her camera during the five days that this event lasted at the end of last year.